《鋼結(jié)構(gòu)安裝》課件-3.6.3 多高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼柱安裝

3.6.3多層及高層鋼結(jié)構(gòu)鋼柱的安裝

Installationofmulti-layerandhigh-risesteelstructuralsteelcolumns第一：鋼柱安裝的準(zhǔn)備工作First:preparationforsteelcolumninstallation第二：鋼柱的吊裝Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns第三：鋼柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns第四：鋼柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns第五：鋼柱的接長Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn

一、鋼柱安裝的準(zhǔn)備工作

First:preparationforsteelcolumninstallation鋼柱多采用實(shí)腹式，實(shí)腹鋼柱截面多為工字形、箱形、十字形、圓形。鋼柱多采用焊接對接接長，也有用高強(qiáng)度螺栓連接接長的。勁性柱與混凝土采用熔焊栓釘連接。Thesteelcolumnmostlyadoptsthesolidbellytype,andthesectionofthesolidbellysteelcolumnismostlyI-shaped,box-shaped,cross-shapedandround.Steelcolumnsaremostlyweldedbuttjoints,andalsolongwithhigh-strengthbolts.Therigidcolumnandconcreteareconnectedbyfusionweldingbolts.十字形鋼柱Cross-shapedsteelcolumns箱形鋼柱Box-shapedsteelcolumns

1.現(xiàn)場柱基檢查1.On-sitecolumnbaseinspection安裝在鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)上的鋼柱，安裝質(zhì)量和工效與混凝土柱基和地腳螺栓的定位軸線、基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)高直接有關(guān)，必須會(huì)同設(shè)計(jì)、監(jiān)理、施工、業(yè)主共同驗(yàn)收，合格后才可以進(jìn)行鋼柱連接Theinstallationqualityandergonomicsofthesteelcolumninstalledonthereinforcedconcretefoundationaredirectlyrelatedtothepositioningaxisandfoundationelevationoftheconcretecolumnfoundationandanchorbolts,andmustbejointlyacceptedbythedesign,supervision,constructionandowner,andthesteelcolumncanbeconnectedonlyafterqualifying采用螺栓連接鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和鋼筋混凝土基礎(chǔ)時(shí)，預(yù)埋螺栓應(yīng)符合施工方案的規(guī)定：預(yù)埋螺栓標(biāo)高偏差應(yīng)在±5mm以內(nèi)，定位軸線的偏差應(yīng)在±2mm以內(nèi)Whenboltingthesteelstructureandreinforcedconcretefoundation,theembeddedboltsshouldcomplywiththeprovisionsoftheconstructionplan:theelevationdeviationoftheembeddedboltshouldbewithin±5mm,andthedeviationofthepositioningaxisshouldbewithin±2mm應(yīng)認(rèn)真找好基礎(chǔ)支承平面的標(biāo)高，其墊放的墊鐵應(yīng)正確；二次灌漿工作應(yīng)采用無收縮、微膨脹的水泥砂漿。避免因基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)高的超差而影響起重機(jī)梁的安裝水平度Theelevationofthefoundationsupportplaneshouldbecarefullyfound,andthecushionironshouldbecorrect;Thesecondarygroutingworkshouldusecementmortarwithoutshrinkageandmicro-expansion.Avoidaffectingtheinstallationlevelofthecranebeamduetothedeviationofthefoundationlevel

2.吊裝機(jī)械選擇2.Liftingmachineryselection目前，安裝所用的吊裝機(jī)械，大部分采用履帶式起重機(jī)、輪胎式起重機(jī)及軌道式起重機(jī)吊裝柱子。如果場地狹窄，不能采用上述機(jī)械吊裝時(shí)，可采用扒桿或架設(shè)走線滑車進(jìn)行吊裝。Atpresent,mostoftheliftingmachineryusedforinstallationadoptscrawlercranes,rubbercranesandrail-mountedcranestoliftcolumns.Ifthesiteisnarrowandtheabovemechanicalliftingcannotbeused,thepickpocketbarorerectedwiringtrolleycanbeusedforlifting.3.吊點(diǎn)設(shè)置3.Liftingpointsetting鋼柱吊點(diǎn)一般采用焊接吊耳、吊索綁扎、專用吊具等。鋼柱的吊點(diǎn)位置及吊點(diǎn)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)鋼柱形狀、斷面、長度、起重機(jī)性能等的具體情況確定。Steelcolumnliftingpointsgenerallyadoptweldedliftinglugs,slinglashing,specialspreaders,etc.Theliftingpointpositionandnumberofliftingpointsofthesteelcolumnshouldbedeterminedaccordingtothespecificconditionsofthesteelcolumnshape,section,length,craneperformance,etc.

一點(diǎn)起吊，吊點(diǎn)設(shè)置在柱頂Onepointlifting,theliftingpointissetatthetopofthecolumn

鋼柱一般采用一點(diǎn)正吊。吊點(diǎn)應(yīng)設(shè)置在柱頂處，吊鉤通過鋼柱重心線，這樣鋼柱易于起吊、對線、校正。當(dāng)受起重機(jī)臂桿長度、場地等條件限制時(shí)，吊點(diǎn)可放在柱長的1/3處斜吊。由于鋼柱傾斜，起吊、對線、校正較難控制。Steelcolumnsgenerallyuseapointofpositivecrane.Theliftingpointshouldbesetatthetopofthecolumn,andthehookpassesthroughthecenterofgravitylineofthesteelcolumn,sothatthesteelcolumniseasytolift,alignandcorrect.Whenlimitedbythelengthofthecraneboom,siteandotherconditions,theliftingpointcanbeplacedat1/3ofthecolumnlengthofthediagonalcrane.Duetothetiltofthesteelcolumn,itisdifficulttocontrol,lifting,aligningandcorrecting.對于細(xì)長的鋼柱構(gòu)件的吊裝，可以考慮兩點(diǎn)或三點(diǎn)起吊方法。Fortheliftingofslendersteelcolumnmembers,thetwo-pointorthree-pointliftingmethodcanbeconsidered.一點(diǎn)起吊，吊點(diǎn)設(shè)置在柱頂Onepointlifting,theliftingpointissetatthetopofthecolumn4.標(biāo)高觀測點(diǎn)與中心線標(biāo)志設(shè)置4.Settheelevationobservationpointandcenterlinemarker標(biāo)高觀測點(diǎn)的設(shè)置以牛腿(肩梁)支承面為基準(zhǔn)，設(shè)在柱的便于觀測處Thesettingoftheelevationobservationpointisbasedonthecorbel(shoulderbeam)supportsurface,andislocatedattheconvenientobservationplaceofthecolumn無牛腿(肩梁)柱，應(yīng)以柱頂端與屋面梁連接的最上一個(gè)安裝孔中心為基準(zhǔn)Fornon-corbel(shoulderbeam)columns,thecenterofthetopmountingholeconnectedtotheroofbeamatthetopofthecolumnshouldbeusedasthereference12鋼柱安裝前應(yīng)設(shè)置標(biāo)高觀測點(diǎn)和中心線標(biāo)志，同一工程的觀測點(diǎn)和標(biāo)志設(shè)置的位置應(yīng)一致。標(biāo)高觀測點(diǎn)的設(shè)置應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定Beforetheinstallationofsteelcolumns,elevationobservationpointsandcenterlinesignsshouldbeset,andthelocationofobservationpointsandsignsofthesameprojectshouldbeconsistent.Thesettingofelevationobservationpointsshallcomplywiththefollowingregulations中心線標(biāo)志的設(shè)置應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定Thecenterlinesignshouldbesetinaccordancewiththefollowingregulations在柱底板上表面上行線方向設(shè)一個(gè)中心標(biāo)志，列線方向兩側(cè)各設(shè)一個(gè)中心標(biāo)志Acentermarkerissetinthedirectionofthelineonthesurfaceofthecolumnfloor,andacentermarkerissetoneachsideofthecolumnline在柱身表面上行線和列線方向各設(shè)一個(gè)中心線，每條中心線在柱底部、中部(牛腿或肩梁部)和頂部各設(shè)一處中心標(biāo)志Thereisacenterlineinthedirectionoftheascendinglineandcolumnlineonthesurfaceofthecolumn,andeachcenterlinehasacentermarkatthebottom,inthemiddle(corbelorshoulderbeam)andatthetopofthecolumn雙牛腿(肩梁)柱在行線方向的兩個(gè)柱身表面分別設(shè)中心標(biāo)志Thedoublecorbel(shoulderbeam)columnismarkedwithacentermarkonthesurfaceofthetwocolumnsinthedirectionoftheline321二、鋼柱的吊裝Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊裝要求

1.Hoistingrequirements鋼柱吊裝施工時(shí)，為了防止鋼柱根部在起吊過程中變形，鋼柱的吊裝一般采用雙機(jī)抬吊，主機(jī)吊在鋼柱上部，輔機(jī)吊在鋼柱根部，待柱子根部離地一定距離(約2m左右)后，輔機(jī)停止起鉤，主機(jī)繼續(xù)起鉤和回轉(zhuǎn)，直至把柱子吊直后，將輔機(jī)松鉤。Whenthesteelcolumnishoistedandconstructed,inordertopreventthedeformationofthesteelcolumnrootduringtheliftingprocess,theliftingofthesteelcolumngenerallyadoptsdoublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpartofthesteelcolumn,theauxiliarymachineishoistedattherootofthesteelcolumn,andaftertherootofthecolumnisacertaindistancefromtheground(about2m),theauxiliarymachinestopshooking,andthemainenginecontinuestohookandrotateuntilthecolumnisstraightened,andtheauxiliarymachineisloosened.雙機(jī)抬吊，主機(jī)吊在上部，輔機(jī)吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot二、鋼柱的吊裝Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊裝要求

1.Hoistingrequirements對重型鋼柱可采用雙機(jī)遞送抬吊或三機(jī)抬吊、一機(jī)遞送的方法吊裝；對于很高和細(xì)長的鋼柱，可采取分節(jié)吊裝的方法，在下節(jié)柱及柱間支撐安裝并校正后，再安裝上節(jié)柱。Forheavysteelcolumns,itcanbehoistedbydouble-machinedeliveryliftingorthree-machineliftingandone-machinedelivery;Forverytallandslendersteelcolumns,themethodofsectionalliftingcanbeadopted,andtheuppersectioncolumncanbeinstalledafterthelowersectioncolumnandthecolumnsupportandcorrection.雙機(jī)抬吊，主機(jī)吊在上部，輔機(jī)吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot二、鋼柱的吊裝Second:theliftingofsteelcolumns

1.吊裝要求

1.Hoistingrequirementstohookandrotateuntilthecolumnisstraightened,andtheauxiliarymachineisloosened.對重型鋼柱可采用雙機(jī)遞送抬吊或三機(jī)抬吊、一機(jī)遞送的方法吊裝；對于很高和細(xì)長的鋼柱，可采取分節(jié)吊裝的方法，在下節(jié)柱及柱間支撐安裝并校正后，再安裝上節(jié)柱。Forheavysteelcolumns,itcanbehoistedbydouble-machinedeliveryliftingorthree-machineliftingandone-machinedelivery;Forverytallandslendersteelcolumns,themethodofsectionalliftingcanbeadopted,andtheuppersectioncolumncanbeinstalledafterthelowersectioncolumnandthecolumnsupportandcorrection.雙機(jī)抬吊，主機(jī)吊在上部，輔機(jī)吊在根部Doublemachinelifting,themainengineishoistedintheupperpart,andtheauxiliarymachineishoistedattheroot鋼柱柱腳固定的方法一般有兩種形式:一種是基礎(chǔ)上預(yù)埋螺栓固定，底部設(shè)鋼墊板找平，如圖所示；另一種是插入杯口灌漿固定方式，如圖所示。前者當(dāng)鋼柱吊至基礎(chǔ)上部時(shí)插錨固螺栓固定，多用于一般廠房鋼柱的固定；后者當(dāng)鋼柱插入杯口后，支承在鋼墊板上找平，最后固定方法同鋼筋混凝土柱，用于大、中型廠房鋼柱的固定。Therearegenerallytwoformsoffixingthesteelcolumnfoot:oneistofixtheembeddedboltsonthefoundation,andthebottomisleveledwithasteelpad,asshowninthefigure;Theotheristoinsertthecupmouthgroutfixingmethod,asshowninthefigure.Theformerisfixedbyanchoringboltswhenthesteelcolumnisliftedtothebottompart,whichismostlyusedforthefixingofsteelcolumnsingeneralworkshops;Thelatterwhenthesteelcolumnisinsertedintothecupmouth,thesupportisleveledonthesteelpad,andthefinalfixingmethodisthesameasthereinforcedconcretecolumn,whichisusedforthefixingofsteelcolumnsinlargeandmedium-sizedworkshops.1-柱基礎(chǔ)2-鋼柱3-鋼柱腳4-地腳螺栓1-columnfoundation2-Steelcolumns3-Steelcolumnfeet4-anchorbolts

5-鋼墊板6-二次灌漿細(xì)石混凝土5-Steelpad6-Secondarygroutfinestoneconcrete

7-柱腳外包混凝土8-砂漿局部粗找平7-Columnbaseiswrappedinconcrete8-Mortarlocalroughleveling9-焊于柱腳上的小鋼套墩10-鋼楔11-35mm厚硬木墊板9-Smallsteelsleevepierweldedtothecolumnbase10-Steelwedge11-35mmthickhardwoodpadding

a)用頂埋地腳螺栓固定b)用杯口二次灌漿固定a)Fixedwithburiedanchorboltsb)Fixedwithsecondarygroutatthemouthofthecup鋼柱的安裝屬于豎向垂直吊裝，為使吊起的鋼柱保持下垂以便于就位，需根據(jù)鋼柱的種類和高度確定綁扎點(diǎn)。具有牛腿的鋼柱，綁扎點(diǎn)應(yīng)靠牛腿下部；無牛腿的鋼柱按其高度比例，綁扎點(diǎn)設(shè)在鋼柱全長2/3的上方位置處。Theinstallationofsteelcolumnsbelongstoverticalhoisting,inordertokeeptheliftedsteelcolumnsaggingsothatitiseasytobeinplace,thelashingpointneedstobedeterminedaccordingtothetypeandheightofthesteelcolumn.Forsteelcolumnswithcorbels,thebindingpointshouldbeclosetothelowerpartofthecorbel;Thesteelcolumnwithoutcorbelsisproportionaltoitsheight,andthebindingpointissetabove2/3ofthetotallengthofthesteelcolumn.鋼柱綁扎點(diǎn)設(shè)在2/3全長上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength鋼柱綁扎點(diǎn)設(shè)在2/3全長上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength鋼柱柱腳套入地腳螺栓，防止其損傷螺紋，應(yīng)用薄鋼板卷成筒并套到螺栓上，鋼柱就位后，除去套筒。Thefootofthesteelcolumnissetintotheanchorbolttopreventitfromdamagingthethread,andathinsteelplateshouldberolledintoacylinderandsleevedtothebolt,andthesleeveisremovedafterthesteelcolumnisinplace.為避免吊起的鋼柱自由擺動(dòng)，應(yīng)在柱底上部用麻繩綁好，作為牽制溜繩的調(diào)整方向。Inordertoavoidthefreeswingofthehoistedsteelcolumn,itshouldbetiedwithhempropeintheupperpartofthecolumnbottomastheadjustmentdirectionoftherope.鋼柱綁扎點(diǎn)設(shè)在2/3全長上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength鋼柱綁扎點(diǎn)設(shè)在2/3全長上方位置Thesteelcolumnlashingpointissetabove2/3ofthefulllength吊裝前的準(zhǔn)備工作就緒后，首先應(yīng)進(jìn)行試吊。吊起一端高度為100～200mm時(shí)應(yīng)停吊，檢查索具是否牢固和起重機(jī)的穩(wěn)定板是否位于安裝基礎(chǔ)上。Afterthepreparationworkbeforehoistingisready,thetestliftingshouldbecarriedoutfirst.Whentheheightofoneendoftheliftingis100~200mm,theliftingshouldbestoppedtocheckwhethertheriggingisfirmandwhetherthestabilityplateofthecraneislocatedontheinstallationfoundation.a)吊裝調(diào)整b)就位c)牛腿柱A-溜繩綁扎位置Hoistingadjustmentb)Inplacec)LegcolumnA-Ropetieposition鋼柱起吊后，當(dāng)柱腳距地腳螺栓或杯口30～40cm時(shí)扶正，使柱腳的安裝螺栓孔對準(zhǔn)螺栓或柱腳對準(zhǔn)杯口，緩慢落鉤、就位，經(jīng)過初校，待垂直偏差在20mm以內(nèi)，擰緊螺栓或打緊木鍥臨時(shí)固定，即可脫鉤。Afterthesteelcolumnislifted,whenthecolumnfootis30~40cmfromtheanchorboltorcupmouth,itisstraightened,sothattheinstallationboltholeofthecolumnfootisalignedwiththeboltorthecolumnfootisalignedwiththecupmouth,slowlydropthehook,inplace,aftertheinitialcalibration,whentheverticaldeviationiswithin20mm,tightentheboltortightenthewoodenshoveltotemporarilyfix,youcandecouple.如果進(jìn)行多排鋼柱安裝，可繼續(xù)按此做法吊裝其余所有的柱子。鋼柱吊裝調(diào)整與就位如圖所示。Ifmultiplerowsofsteelcolumnsareinstalled,alltheremainingcolumnscancontinuetobehoistedinthisway.Thesteelcolumnliftingadjustmentandplacementareshowninthefigure.a)吊裝調(diào)整b)就位c)牛腿柱A-溜繩綁扎位置Hoistingadjustmentb)Inplacec)LegcolumnA-Ropetieposition為防止鋼柱邊緣的銳利棱角在吊裝時(shí)損傷吊繩，應(yīng)用適宜規(guī)格的鋼管割開一條縫，套在棱角吊繩處，或用方形木條墊護(hù)。注意綁扎牢固，并易拆除。Inordertopreventthesharpedgesandcornersofthesteelcolumnfromdamagingthehangingropeduringhoisting,asteelpipeofsuitablespecificationsshouldbeusedtocutaseam,setitattheangularhangingrope,orcushionitwithasquarewoodenstrip.Payattentiontothebindingisfirmandeasytoremove.吊裝鋼柱時(shí)還應(yīng)注意起吊半徑或旋轉(zhuǎn)半徑的正確，并在柱底端設(shè)置滑移設(shè)施，以防鋼柱吊起扶直時(shí)因發(fā)生拖動(dòng)阻力以及壓力作用而促使柱體產(chǎn)生彎曲變形或損壞底座板。Whenhoistingsteelcolumns,attentionshouldalsobepaidtothecorrectnessofliftingradiusorrotationradius,andslidingfacilitiesshouldbesetatthebottomofthecolumntopreventthecolumnfrombendinganddeformingordamagingthebaseplateduetodragresistanceandpressurewhenliftingandstraighteningthesteelcolumn.當(dāng)鋼柱被吊裝到基礎(chǔ)平面就位時(shí)，應(yīng)將柱底座板上面的縱橫軸線對準(zhǔn)基礎(chǔ)軸線(一般由地腳螺栓與螺孔來控制)，以防止其跨度尺寸產(chǎn)生偏差，導(dǎo)致柱頭與屋架安裝連接時(shí)發(fā)生水平方向向內(nèi)的拉力或向外的撐力作用而使柱身彎曲變形。Whenthesteelcolumnishoistedtothefoundationplaneinplace,thelongitudinalandhorizontalaxisabovethecolumnbaseplateshouldbealignedwiththefoundationaxis(generallycontrolledbyanchorboltsandscrewholes)topreventdeviationinitsspansize,resultinginhorizontalinwardtensionoroutwardbendinganddeformationofthecolumnbodywhenthecolumnheadandrooftrussareinstalledandconnected.2.分節(jié)鋼柱的吊裝2.Liftingofsteelcolumnsinsections吊裝前，先做好柱基的準(zhǔn)備，進(jìn)行找平，畫出縱橫軸線，設(shè)置基礎(chǔ)標(biāo)高塊，如圖所示，標(biāo)高塊的強(qiáng)度應(yīng)不低于30；頂面埋設(shè)12mm厚鋼板，并檢查預(yù)埋地腳螺栓的位置和標(biāo)高Beforehoisting,preparethecolumnfoundation,levelit,drawtheverticalandhorizontalaxis,andsetthefoundationelevationblock,asshowninthefigure,thestrengthoftheelevationblockshouldnotbelessthan30;A12mmthicksteelplateisburiedonthetopsurface,andthepositionandelevationoftheembeddedanchorboltsarechecked1-基礎(chǔ)2-標(biāo)高塊（無收縮水泥漿）1-Basics2-Elevationblock(noshrinkagegrout)

13鋼柱多用寬翼工字形或箱形截面，前者用于高6m以下的柱子，多采用焊接H型鋼，截面尺寸為300mmX200mm～1200mmX600mm,翼緣板厚為10～14mm,腹板厚度為6～25mm；后者多用于高度較大的高層建筑柱，截面尺寸為500mmX500nn～700mmX700mm,鋼板厚12～30mm。為充分利用起重機(jī)的能力和減少連接，一般制成3～4層為一節(jié)，節(jié)與節(jié)之間用坡口焊連接，一個(gè)節(jié)間的柱網(wǎng)必須安裝三層的高度后再安裝相鄰節(jié)間的柱Steelcolumnsmostlyusewide-wingI-shapedorbox-shapedsections,theformerisusedforcolumnsbelow6minheight,mostlyweldedH-beam,thecross-sectionsizeis300mmX200mm~1200mmX600mm,theflangeplatethicknessis10~14mm,andthewebthicknessis6~25mm;Thelatterismostlyusedforhigh-risebuildingcolumnswithlargeheights,withacross-sectionsizeof500mmX500nn~700mmX700mm,andasteelplatethicknessof12~30mm.Inordertomakefulluseofthecrane'scapacityandreducetheconnection,itisgenerallymadeof3~4layersasasection,andthejointsareconnectedbygroovewelding,andthecolumnnetworkbetweenasegmentmustbeinstalledwithaheightofthreelayersbeforeinstallingthecolumnsbetweenadjacentnodes在第一節(jié)框架安裝、校正、螺栓緊固后，即應(yīng)進(jìn)行底層鋼柱柱底灌漿。先在柱腳四周立模板，將基礎(chǔ)上表面清洗干凈，清除積水，然后用高強(qiáng)度聚合砂漿從一側(cè)自由灌入至密實(shí)，灌漿后，用濕草袋或麻袋護(hù)蓋養(yǎng)護(hù)Afterthefirstsectionoftheframeisinstalled,calibrated,boltedandtightened,thebottomsteelcolumnbottomgroutshouldbecarriedout.Firsterectaformworkaroundthecolumnfoot,cleanthesurfaceofthefoundation,removestagnantwater,andthenfreelypouritfromonesidewithhigh-strengthpolymericmortartodense,andaftergrouting,itiscuredwithawetstrawbagorsackcover42鋼柱的吊裝，根據(jù)柱子質(zhì)量和高度情況，采用單機(jī)吊裝或雙機(jī)抬吊。單機(jī)吊裝時(shí)，需在柱根部墊以墊木，用旋轉(zhuǎn)法起吊，防止柱根拖地和碰撞地腳螺栓，損壞螺紋；雙機(jī)抬吊多采用遞送法，吊離地面后，在空中進(jìn)行回直。柱子吊點(diǎn)在吊耳處(制作時(shí)預(yù)先設(shè)置，吊裝完割去)，鋼柱吊裝前預(yù)先在地面掛上操作掛筐、爬梯等Theliftingofsteelcolumns,accordingtothequalityandheightofthecolumns,adoptssinglemachineliftingordoublemachinelifting.Whenhoistingasinglemachine,itisnecessarytopadtherootofthecolumnwithskids,andusetherotationmethodtolifttopreventthecolumnrootfrommoppingthefloorandcollidingwithanchorboltsanddamagingthethread;Thedouble-machineliftingmostlyadoptsthedeliverymethod,andafterliftingofftheground,itisstraightenedintheair.Theliftingpointofthecolumnisattheliftinglug(pre-setduringproduction,cutoffafterhoisting),andthesteelcolumnishungonthegroundinadvancetooperatethehangingbasket,ladder,etc.beforehoisting鋼柱就位后，立即對垂直度、軸線、牛腿面標(biāo)高進(jìn)行初校，安設(shè)臨時(shí)螺栓，然后卸去吊索。鋼柱上、下接觸面間的間隙一般不得大于1.5mm，如間隙在1.6～6.0mm之間，可用低碳鋼的墊片墊實(shí)間隙。柱間間距偏差可用液壓千斤頂與鋼楔，或倒鏈與鋼絲繩或纜風(fēng)繩進(jìn)行校正Immediatelyafterthesteelcolumnisinplace,theverticality,axis,andcorbelsurfaceelevationareinitiallycalibrated,temporaryboltsareinstalled,andtheslingisremoved.Thegapbetweentheupperandlowercontactsurfacesofthesteelcolumnshouldgenerallynotbegreaterthan1.5mm,ifthegapisbetween1.6~6.0mm,thegapcanbeusedwithagasketpadoflowcarbonsteel.Thespacingdeviationbetweencolumnscanbecorrectedbyhydraulicjacksandsteelwedges,orbyinvertedchainsandwireropesorcablewindropes三、鋼柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns鋼柱的校正CorrectionofsteelcolumnsAB校正垂直度Correctverticality復(fù)查標(biāo)高Reviewtheelevation對杯形基礎(chǔ)，可采用在柱底抹水泥砂漿或加設(shè)鋼墊板的方法來校正標(biāo)高Forthecup-shapedfoundation,theelevationcanbecorrectedbyplasteringcementmortaratthebottomofthecolumnoraddingsteelpads對于采用地腳螺栓連接的柱子，可在柱底板下的地腳螺栓上加一個(gè)調(diào)整螺母。安裝好柱子后，用調(diào)整螺母來控制柱子的標(biāo)高Forpostsconnectedbyanchorbolts,anadjustmentnutcanbeaddedtotheanchorboltsunderthecolumnfloorplate.Afterthecolumnisinstalled,usetheadjustmentnuttocontroltheelevationofthecolumn三、鋼柱的校正Third:thecorrectionofsteelcolumns2.垂直度校正2.Verticalitycorrection

可采用兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀或吊線墜來測量垂直度的方法，采用松緊鋼楔，或用千斤頂推柱身，使柱子繞柱腳轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)來校正垂直度，如圖所示。Theverticalitycanbemeasuredusingtwotheodoliteorpendants,usinganelasticsteelwedge,orpushingthecolumnbodywithajacktorotatethecolumnaroundthecolumnfoottocorrecttheverticality,asshowninthefigure.1-楔塊2-螺釘頂3-經(jīng)緯儀4-線墜5-水桶6-調(diào)整螺桿千斤頂a)就位調(diào)整b)用兩臺(tái)經(jīng)緯儀測量c)線墜測量1-Wedge2-Screwtop3-Theodolite4-Wirependant5-Bucket6-Adjustthescrewjacka)In-placeadjustmentb)Measuredwithtwotheodoliteinstrumentsc)Pendantmeasurement3.其他校正方法3.Othercorrectionmethods

其他校正方法還有千斤頂校正法、木桿或鋼管撐桿校正法、纜風(fēng)繩校正法。Othercorrectionmethodsincludejackcorrection,woodenrodorsteelpipebracecorrection,andcablewindropecorrection.a)千斤頂校正垂直度b)千斤頂校正的整體平面示意圖a)Jackcorrectsverticalityb)Schematicdiagramoftheoverallplaneofjackcorrection1-木桿或鋼管撐桿2-摩擦板3-鋼線繩4-槽鋼撐頭5-木楔或撬杠6-轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)手柄

7-倒鏈8-鋼套1-Woodenrodorsteeltubebrace2-Frictionplate3-Steelwirerope4-channelsteelbrace5-Woodenwedgeorcrowbar6-Turnthehandle7-Invertedchain8-Steelsleeve1-柱2-纜風(fēng)繩3-鋼箍4-花籃螺栓或5kN倒鏈5-木樁或固定在建筑物上a)、b)纜風(fēng)繩平面布置c)纜風(fēng)繩校正方法1-column2-Cablewindrope3-Steelhoops4-Flowerbasketboltor5kNinvertedchain5-Stakesorfixedtothebuildinga),b)Cablewindropearrangementc)Cablewindropecorrectionmethod四、鋼柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns1.臨時(shí)固定1.Temporaryfixation

柱子插入杯口就位，初步校正后，即用鋼(或硬木)楔臨時(shí)固定。方法是當(dāng)柱插入杯口使柱身中心線對準(zhǔn)杯口(或杯底)中心線后剎車，用撬杠撥正，在柱與杯口壁之間的四周空隙，每邊塞入兩個(gè)鋼(或硬木)楔，再將柱子落到杯底并復(fù)查對線，接著將每兩側(cè)的楔子同時(shí)打緊，起重機(jī)即可松繩脫鉤進(jìn)行下一根柱吊裝。重型或高10m以上細(xì)長柱及杯口較淺的柱，如遇刮風(fēng)天氣，有時(shí)還在柱面兩側(cè)加纜風(fēng)繩或支撐來臨時(shí)固定。Thecolumnisinsertedintothecupmouthinplace,andafterpreliminarycorrection,itistemporarilyfixedwithasteel(orhardwood)wedge.Themethodiswhenthecolumnisinsertedintothecupmouthtomakethecenterlineofthecolumnbodyalignwiththecenterlineofthecupmouth(orcupbottom)afterbraking,useacrowbartostraighten,inthesurroundinggapbetweenthecolumnandthecupmouthwall,eachsideisstuffedwithtwosteel(orhardwood)wedges,andthenthecolumnisdroppedtothebottomofthecupandthelineisreviewed,andthenthewedgesoneachsidearetightenedatthesametime,andthecranecanloosentheropeandunhookforthenextcolumnhoisting.Heavyorslendercolumnswithaheightofmorethan10mandcolumnswithashallowcupmouth,incaseofwindyweather,sometimescableropesorsupportsareaddedonbothsidesofthecylindersurfacetofixtemporarily.四、鋼柱的固定Fourth:thefixingofsteelcolumns1-杯形基礎(chǔ)2-柱3-鋼或木楔4-鋼塞5-嵌小鋼塞或卵石1-Cup-shapedbase2-Columns3-Steelorwoodenwedge4-Steelplug5-Inlaysmallsteelstopperorpebble2.最后固定

2.Finalfixation

01無墊板安裝柱的固定方法是在柱與杯口的間隙內(nèi)澆灌比柱混凝土強(qiáng)度等級高一級的細(xì)石混凝土。澆灌前，清理并濕潤杯口，澆灌分兩次進(jìn)行，第一次灌至楔子底面，待混凝土強(qiáng)度等級達(dá)到25%后，將楔子拔出，再二次灌注到杯口并與杯口持平。采用纜風(fēng)繩校正的柱子，待二次澆灌的混凝土強(qiáng)度達(dá)到70%，方可拆除纜風(fēng)繩Thefixingmethodoftheinstallationcolumnwithoutcushionplateistopourfinestoneconcreteonelevelhigherthanthestrengthclassofcolumnconcreteinthegapbetweenthecolumnandthecupmouth.Beforepouring,cleanandmoistenthecupmouth,pourintwoparts,thefirsttimetothebottomofthewedge,aftertheconcretestrengthgradereaches25%,pulloutthewedge,andthenpourthesecondtimetothecupmouthandlevelwiththecupmouth.Thecolumnwithcablewindropecorrectioncanberemovedonlyafterthestrengthoftheconcreteforsecondarypouringreaches70%.02有墊板安裝柱(包括鋼柱杯口插入式柱腳)的二次灌漿方法，通常采用趕漿法或壓漿法Thesecondarygroutingmethodwithcushionmountingcolumn(includingthesteelcolumncupmouthinsertioncolumnfoot)usuallyadoptsthegroutingmethodorthegroutingmethod是在杯口一側(cè)灌強(qiáng)度等級比柱混凝土強(qiáng)度等級高一級的無收縮砂漿(摻水泥用量0.003%～0.005%的鋁粉)或細(xì)石混凝土，用細(xì)振搗棒振搗使砂漿從柱底另一側(cè)擠出，待填滿柱底周圍約10cm高，接著在杯口四周均勻地灌細(xì)石混凝土至與杯口持平。Itistofillthestrengthgradeofonelevelhigherthanthestrengthgradeofcolumnconcreteonthesideofthecupmouth(aluminumpowderwithcementdosageof0.003%~0.005%)orfinestoneconcrete,withafinevibratorvibratingrodtomakethemortarsqueezedfromtheothersideofthecolumnbottom,tofillthecolumnbottomaroundabout10cmhigh,andthenevenlypourfinestoneconcretearoundthecupmouthuntilitislevelwiththecupmouth.是于杯口空隙內(nèi)插入壓漿管與排氣管，先灌20cm高混凝土，并插搗密實(shí)，然后開始壓漿，待混凝土被擠壓上拱，停止頂壓，再灌20cm高混凝土頂壓一次，即可拔出壓漿管和排氣管，繼續(xù)灌注混凝土至杯口。本法適于截面很大、墊板高度較薄的杯底灌漿。Itistoinsertthegroutingpipeandexhaustpipeinthegapofthecupmouth,firstfill20cmhighconcrete,andinsertitdensely,andthenstarttopressthegrout,waitfortheconcretetobesqueezedandarched,stopthetoppressure,andthenfillthe20cmhighconcretetoppressureonce,youcanpulloutthegroutingpipeandexhaustpipe,andcontinuetopourconcretetothecupmouth.Thismethodissuitableforgroutingatthebottomofthecupwithalargecross-sectionandathincushionheight.趕漿法Pulpcatch-upmethod壓漿法Groutingmethod1-鋼墊板2-細(xì)石很凝士3-插入式振動(dòng)器4-壓漿管5-排氣管6-水泥砂漿7-柱8-鋼楔a)用趕漿法二次灌漿b)用壓漿法二次灌漿1-Steelpad2-Thefinestoneisverycondensed3-Plug-invibrator4-Groutingpipe5-Exhaustpipe6-Cementmortar7-Column8-Steelwedgea)Secondarygroutingbythecatch-upmethodb)Secondarygroutingbygroutingmethod注意事項(xiàng)Notes柱應(yīng)邊校正邊灌漿，若當(dāng)日校正的柱子未灌漿，次日應(yīng)復(fù)核后再灌漿，以防因刮風(fēng)振動(dòng)使楔子松動(dòng)變形和千斤頂回油等因素而產(chǎn)生新的偏差。Ifthecolumncorrectedonthesamedayisnotgrouted,itshouldbereviewedthenextdayandthengroutedtopreventnewdeviationsduetofactorssuchasloosedeformationofthewedgeandjackoilreturnduetowindvibration.灌漿(灌縫)時(shí)應(yīng)將杯口間隙內(nèi)的木屑等建筑垃圾清除干凈，并用水充分濕潤，使之能良好結(jié)合。Whengrouting(groutingjoints),theconstructionwastesuchaswoodchipsinthegapbetweenthecupmouthshouldberemoved,andfullymoistenedwithwatersothatitcanbewellcombined.注意事項(xiàng)Notes搗固混凝土?xí)r，應(yīng)嚴(yán)防碰動(dòng)楔子而造成柱子傾斜。Whentampingconcrete,itshouldbestrictlypreventedfromtouchingthewedgeandcausingthecolumntotilt.對柱腳底面不平(凹凸或傾斜)與杯底間有較大間隙時(shí)，應(yīng)先灌注一層強(qiáng)度同柱混凝土等級的稀砂漿，使其充滿后，再灌細(xì)石混凝土。Whenthereisalargegapbetweentheuneven(concaveorinclined)bottomsurfaceofthecolumnfootandthebottomofthecup,alayerofthinmortarofthesamestrengthconcretegradeshouldbepouredfirst,sothatitisfilledandthenpouredwithfinestoneconcrete.第二次灌漿前須復(fù)查柱子垂直度，超出允許誤差的應(yīng)采取措施重新校正并糾正。Theverticalityofthecolumnmustbereviewedbeforethesecondgrouting,andmeasuresshouldbetakentore-correctandcorrectiftheallowableerrorisexceeded.

五、鋼柱的加長Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn

1.操作要求1.Operationalrequirements

1)上節(jié)柱多采用榫接頭或鋼板接頭，上節(jié)柱的吊裝須在下節(jié)柱永久固定后進(jìn)行。1)Theuppersectioncolumnmostlyadoptsmortisejointsorsteelplatejoints,andtheliftingoftheuppersectioncolumnmustbecarriedoutafterthelowersectioncolumnispermanentlyfixed.①榫接頭柱安裝就位后，上下節(jié)柱接頭用型鋼夾具臨時(shí)固定，調(diào)整螺栓可以調(diào)正上柱下端，而上端多用管式支撐校正和臨時(shí)固定。Afterthemortisejointcolumnisinstalledinplace,theupperandlowersectioncolumnjointsaretemporarilyfixedwithsectionsteelfixtures,andtheadjustmentboltcanadjustthelowerendoftheuppercolumn,whiletheupperendismostlycorrectedandtemporarilyfixedwithtubularsupport.②鋼板接頭柱安裝就位固定與分節(jié)柱吊裝相同Thesteelplatejointcolumnisinstalledinplaceandfixedthesameasthesectioncolumnhoisting1-上柱2-下柱3-角鋼夾箍4-角鋼用螺栓與柱連接5-法蘭螺栓6-鋼架拉桿7-管式支撐8-預(yù)埋吊環(huán)a)用角鋼螺桿固定b)用管式支撐固定1-Uppercolumn2-Lowercolumn3-anglesteelclamp4-Theanglesteelisconnectedtothecolumnwithbolts5-Flangebolts6-Steelframetierod7-Tubularsupport8-Embeddedliftingringa)Fixedwithanglesteelscrewb)Fixedwithtubularsupports五、鋼柱的加長Fifth:thelengthofthesteelcolumn重型柱或較長柱的臨時(shí)固定，在柱與柱之間需加設(shè)水平管式支撐或設(shè)纜風(fēng)繩。Forthetemporaryfixationofheavycolumnsorlongercolumns,horizontalpipesupportsorcablewindropesneedtobeaddedbetweenthecolumns.鋼柱臨時(shí)固定后，應(yīng)對每根柱子重復(fù)多次校正，并觀測其垂直偏差值。Afterthesteelcolumnistemporarilyfixed,thecorrectionshouldberepeatedseveraltimesforeachcolumnanditsverticaldeviationvalueshouldbeobserved.鋼柱校正時(shí)，應(yīng)在起重機(jī)脫鉤后并在電焊前進(jìn)行初校，由于電焊后的鋼筋接頭的冷卻收縮會(huì)使柱偏移，所以在電焊完后應(yīng)再做二次校正，梁、板安裝后需再次校正。對數(shù)層一節(jié)的長柱，在每層梁安裝前后均需校正，以免產(chǎn)生誤差累積，校正方法同單層工業(yè)廠房柱。Whenthesteelcolumniscalibrated,theinitialcalibrationshouldbecarriedoutafterthecraneisdecoupledandbeforeelectricwelding,becausethecoolingcontractionofthesteelbarjointafterelectricweldingwilloffsetthecolumn,sothesecondarycorrectionshouldbemadeaftertheelectricwelding,andthebeamandplateneedtobecorrectedagainafterinstallation.Thelongcolumnsofseverallayersandsectionsneedtobecorrectedbeforeandaftertheinstallationofeachlayerofbeamstoavoidtheaccumulationoferrors,andthecorrectionmethodisthesameasthatofsingle-storyindustrialplantcolumns.當(dāng)下柱出現(xiàn)偏差時(shí)，一般在上節(jié)柱的底部就位時(shí)，可對準(zhǔn)下節(jié)柱中心線和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中心線的中點(diǎn)各借一半，而上節(jié)柱的頂部仍應(yīng)以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中心線為準(zhǔn)，以此類推。Whenthelowercolumndeviates,generallywhenthebottomoftheuppercolumnisinplace,itcanbeborrowedhalftothemidpointofthelowercolumncenterlineandthestandardcenterline,whilethetopoftheuppercolumnshouldstillbesubjecttothestandardcenterline,andsoon.當(dāng)柱垂直度和水平位移均出現(xiàn)偏差時(shí)，如垂直度偏差較大，應(yīng)先校正垂直度偏差，再校正水平位移，以防柱子校正時(shí)失穩(wěn)。Whenthecolumnverticalityandhorizontaldisplacementaredeviated,iftheverti