城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語（第三版） 課件 U6 Chongqing Monorail

UnitSix城市軌道交通專業(yè)英語EnglishforUrbanRailTransitTextA

LearntoSayMetroServiceExpressionsTextBChongqingMonorail重慶輕軌AttheStationI車站用語(一)TicketPurchaseⅤ購票（五）LasVegasMonorail拉斯維加斯單軌目錄Contents

ReadingMaterial

TrainOperations

Ⅵ列車運(yùn)行（六）DoyouknowsomethingaboutChongqingMonorail?WhataretheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofChongqingMonorail?ChongqingMonorailTextAIntroductionOperationAdvantagesDisadvantagesNewWordsandExpressionsNewWords:

proprietaryfull-scaleslategeometricprofileswitchongoingexcavationadhesionpropulsionoffsetstoragefacility

PhrasesandExpressions:storageyardImportantWords1.

slate

v.(passive)planthatsth.willhappenataspecifiedtime預(yù)定；定于；安排在e.g.

Thehouseswerefirstslatedfordemolitionfiveyearsago.

這些房子在五年前就確定要拆除了。

Thenewstoreisslatedtoopeninspring.

新商店預(yù)計(jì)春天開業(yè)。

2.

geometric

adj.relatingtoorinvolvingtheprinciplesofgeometry幾何學(xué)的e.g.

Geometric

designs

were

popular

wall

decorations

inthe

14th

century.幾何圖案是14世紀(jì)流行的墻面裝飾。3.

profile

n.edgeoroutlineofsth.seenagainstabackground輪廓，外形e.g.

In

the

profile

plot,

thegrids

aresimply

horizontallines.

在輪廓圖中，網(wǎng)格只是水平線。

This

picture

shows

the

girl

in

profile.

這張照片從側(cè)面顯示該女孩。

ImportantWords4.

switch

v.move(atrain,etc.)ontoanothertrack將（列車等）轉(zhuǎn)入另一軌道e.g.

Ratherthan

crowdyour

screen

with

new

shortcuts,you

canswitch

to

a

new

desktop

byclicking

on

thetaskbar

atthebottom

ofthe

screen.

與其把整個(gè)屏幕擺滿新的快捷鍵，倒不如按一下屏幕底部的任務(wù)欄，切換到新桌面上。

Switch

from

one

module

to

another.從一個(gè)模塊轉(zhuǎn)換到另一個(gè)模塊。5.

excavation

n.theactofdigging挖掘e.g.

She

workedon

the

excavation

of

a

Mayan

archaeological

site.

她那時(shí)從事一個(gè)瑪雅考古遺址的挖掘工作。6.

adhesion

n.beingorbecomingattached(tosth.)（與某物）黏合；黏附，附著（于某物）e.g.

Better

driving

equipment

will

improve

track

adhesion

in

slippery

conditions.更好的驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置能在濕滑的條件下提高軌道的附著力。

ImportantWords7.

propulsion

n.driving(sth.)forwardorbeingdrivenforward推進(jìn)e.g.

Propulsion

isprovidedbyarocketengine,ratherthanapropellerandrudder,whichmakessteeringdifficult.

推進(jìn)器是由火箭發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)提供的，而不是螺旋槳和方向舵，這使得轉(zhuǎn)向變得困難。8.

offset

v.(pp.offset)～sth.(bysth./doingsth.)compensateforsth.;balancesth.補(bǔ)償或抵消某事物e.g.

The

gains

offsetthe

losses.損益相抵。

Prices

haverisenin

orderto

offset

the

increased

cost

of

materials.為補(bǔ)償原料成本的增加而提高了價(jià)格。9.

storage

n.theactofstoringsomething存貯e.g.

Railway

freightyard

is

a

production

workshopfortherailwaystationcargocarrier,storage,handlinganddelivery,isalsoaconvergewindowwithothermeansoftransportationforrailway.鐵路貨場是鐵路車站辦理貨物承運(yùn)、保管、裝卸和交付作業(yè)的一個(gè)生產(chǎn)車間，也是鐵路與其他運(yùn)輸工具相銜接的窗口。

ImportantWords10.

storageyard堆貨場e.g.Storage

yard

management

is

animportant

link

in

the

course

of

cargo

flow

in

port.

庫場管理是港口貨物流動(dòng)過程中的重要環(huán)節(jié)。

TextAChongqingMonorail

IntroductionTechnicalaspectsAdvantagesDrawbacksandLimitationsTextAChongqingMonorailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.2EachmonorailtrainsetrunningontheChongqingsystemhasfourunits("cars"),andcanholdaboutfivehundredpeople.

Analysis:

InthissentencerunningontheChongqingsystemispresentparticiplephraseusedasattributive,modifyingtrainset.Translation:

重慶單軌每趟列車由四節(jié)車廂編組，可容納大約500人。TextAChongqingMonorailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.4Toputthesecostsforthisunusualurbantransporttechnologyintosomeperspective,onecancomparethenewlightmetroforthecityofGuangzhou,whichusesstandardrailtechnologyonasystemalmostentirelyunderground.

Analysis:

InthissentenceinfinitivephraseToputthesecostsforthisunusualurbantransporttechnologyintosomeperspectiveisusedasadverbialofpurpose.Andwhichintroducesnon-restrictiverelativeclause,modifyingnewlightmetro.Translation:

為了更好地理解這項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的城市交通技術(shù)的成本，換一個(gè)角度，可以將它與新修建的廣州輕軌地鐵進(jìn)行比較，后者幾乎全部建于地下，采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌道技術(shù)。TextAChongqingMonorailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.4Obviously,concerningthisevidence,capitalcostsofgrade-separatedtransitprojectsinChinaappeartobeconsiderablylowerthanthecostsforadvancedindustrialcountries(e.g.,NorthAmerica,Europe).

Analysis:

Inthissentenceconcerningispreposition.Andappearislinkingverb,afterwhichtobeconsiderablylowerthanthecostsforadvancedindustrialcountriesisservedaspredicative.Translation:

顯然，從這點(diǎn)可看出，中國的立體交叉運(yùn)輸項(xiàng)目建設(shè)成本似乎比發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家(如北美、歐洲)的成本低得多。TextAChongqingMonorailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.8Therearesituationswhereundergroundconstructionispreferred,andthismaybemorecostlyformonorailvehicledesignssuchasHitachi's,whichseemstohaveaconsiderablyhighergeometricprofilethanthatofstandardrailwaycars–implyinggreaterexcavation,andthushighertunnellingcosts.

Analysis:

Inthissentencerelativeadverbwhereintroducesanattributiveclause,modifyingsituations.Andwhichintroducesnon-restrictiveclause,modifyingmonorailvehicle.Translation:

有些情況下會(huì)首選地下施工，而這對(duì)于像日立公司這樣的單軌車輛設(shè)計(jì)來說，成本可能更高，因?yàn)槿樟⒐镜能囕v似乎比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路車輛具有更高的外形輪廓，這意味著挖掘的更深，從而產(chǎn)生更高的隧道建設(shè)成本。TextAChongqingMonorailExplanationofDifficultSentencesPara.9Ontheotherhand,thelossoftractionundericy,snowy,orevenpurelywetconditionsisaproblemwhichmustbetackledbyspecial,generallymoreexpensive,designfeatures.

Analysis:

Inthissentencewhichintroducesarelativeclausemodifyingproblem.tacklemeanssolve,copewith,dealwith“處理；應(yīng)對(duì)”。Translation:

另一方面，在結(jié)冰、積雪甚至完全潮濕的條件下，摩擦力會(huì)減少，這一點(diǎn)必須通過特殊的、通常更昂貴的設(shè)計(jì)來解決。

ReferenceTranslation參考譯文

課文A重慶輕軌

據(jù)幾則新聞報(bào)道，中國宣布在重慶市開通“高架輕軌”，

然而值得注意的是，這些報(bào)道中提到的系統(tǒng)并沒有使用輕軌技術(shù)，而是采用專用單軌系統(tǒng)。

為了降低城市軌道交通系統(tǒng)，尤其是地鐵的建設(shè)成本，中國已經(jīng)開始鼓勵(lì)采用“輕軌”替代方案，政府傾向于將這個(gè)術(shù)語應(yīng)用于廣泛的模態(tài)技術(shù)，包括完全立體交叉的輕軌地鐵系統(tǒng)、自動(dòng)化導(dǎo)軌系統(tǒng)和單軌。目前，重慶計(jì)劃建設(shè)輕軌、單軌和地鐵(重軌)的軌道交通網(wǎng)。

重慶單軌每趟列車由四節(jié)車廂編組，可容納大約500人，運(yùn)營的第一天就吸引了近萬名乘客。

目前，這條單軌線路只在周六和周日上午開放，票價(jià)為每人10元人民幣。目前已開通運(yùn)營的是重慶輕軌(單軌)2號(hào)線一期工程，整個(gè)2號(hào)線已于2005年竣工。

單軌系統(tǒng)的一期，即剛剛開通的那一段，全長13.5公里，有14個(gè)車站，于1999年開工建設(shè)，

該線路計(jì)劃延伸到新三莊，全長17.5公里，有17個(gè)車站(其中3個(gè)是地下車站)。工程設(shè)計(jì)者說，這條單軌鐵路在高峰時(shí)期每小時(shí)能運(yùn)送3萬名乘客。

該系統(tǒng)的總成本為“約35億元人民幣”，即每公里約2400萬美元。為了更好地理解這項(xiàng)獨(dú)特的城市交通技術(shù)的成本，換一個(gè)角度，可以將它與新修建的廣州輕軌地鐵進(jìn)行比較，后者幾乎全部建于地下，采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)軌道技術(shù)，該系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)始于1993年，第一條線路于1997年開通，系統(tǒng)總長度為41.7公里(25.9英里)，總成本為127億元人民幣，即每公里3660萬美元。

顯然，從這點(diǎn)可看出，中國的立體交叉運(yùn)輸項(xiàng)目建設(shè)成本似乎比發(fā)達(dá)工業(yè)國家(如北美、歐洲)的成本低得多。重慶的例子似乎可以說明，單軌的幾何外形略窄，噪音水平略低(至少在低速運(yùn)行時(shí))，可能對(duì)亞洲一些擁擠、狹窄的城市走廊有吸引力，這些城市渴望立體交叉的地鐵，然而，從長遠(yuǎn)來看，單軌技術(shù)在實(shí)踐中的缺點(diǎn)和局限性是否會(huì)超過優(yōu)點(diǎn)，還有待觀察。

在一些應(yīng)用和功能方面，單軌(至少使用目前的技術(shù))似乎沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路系統(tǒng)那樣高效和經(jīng)濟(jì)，即使是立體交叉的系統(tǒng)也不例外。就典型的跨座式單軌而言，這些情況包括:換軌——這涉及到將一根重達(dá)數(shù)噸的橫梁移動(dòng)幾英尺，比將兩個(gè)軌道道岔點(diǎn)移動(dòng)幾英寸需要更多的設(shè)備、電力和時(shí)間。

單軌“換軌”的資金成本肯定高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路換軌，而移動(dòng)橫梁所需的電力可能是一個(gè)更高的持續(xù)成本項(xiàng)目。

隧道建設(shè)——有些情況下會(huì)首選地下施工，而這對(duì)于單軌車輛設(shè)計(jì)來說，成本可能更高，因?yàn)槿樟⒐镜能囕v似乎比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路車輛具有更高的外形輪廓，這意味著挖掘的更深，從而產(chǎn)生更高的隧道建設(shè)成本。橡膠輪胎的附著摩擦力和導(dǎo)向作用——橡膠附著的摩擦力越大，意味著推進(jìn)過程中會(huì)消耗更多的能量，不過這可能會(huì)與單軌車輛稍稍減輕的重量相抵消。

另一方面，在結(jié)冰、積雪甚至完全潮濕的條件下，摩擦力會(huì)減少，這一點(diǎn)必須通過特殊的、通常更昂貴的設(shè)計(jì)來解決。

每趟單軌列車都配有大量的車輪用于支持和引導(dǎo)，這可能會(huì)帶來額外的長期維修和更換輪胎的問題。車場設(shè)備——車場中全部或部分遍布高架的橫梁，這比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路車輛所需的地面車場設(shè)備的費(fèi)用要大得多。此外，橫梁也成為工人和設(shè)備在車場里移動(dòng)的障礙。

TextAChongqingMonorailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises1.Inthesentence“Chinahasbegunencouraging‘lightrail’alternatives,…”,whatisthemeaningof“l(fā)ightrail”here?

2.Whatdoestheticketcostperperson?3.Aremonorailsmoreexpensivetobuildthansubways?Aproprietarymonorailsystem.

Theticketcoststenyuanperperson.

No,monorailsarecheapertobuildthansubways.TextAChongqingMonorailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises4.WhendidtheconstructionofChongqingmonorailbegin?

5.WhatisthetotallengthofthelinewhenitisslatedtocontinuetoXinsanchuang?6.Howmanystationsdoesthelinehave?Howmanyofthemareunderground?Constructionbeganin1999.Thetotallengthis17.5kmwhenitisslatedtocontinuetoXinsanchuang.Thelinehas17stations.Threeofthemareunderground.7.Howmanypassengerswillthemonoraillinebecapableofcarryingperhouratpeaktimes?Themonoraillinewillbecapableofcarrying30,000passengersperhouratpeaktimes.TextAChongqingMonorailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises8.Howmuchdoesthetotalsystemcost?

9.Whichonecostmorepermile,ChongqingmonorailorGuangzhoulightmetro?11.Whataretheadvantagesofmonorail?Thetotalsystemcostsabout3.5billionyuan.Guangzhoulightmetro.

10.Arecapitalcostsofgrade-separatedtransitprojectsinChinahigherthanthecostsforadvancedindustrialcountries?No,capitalcostsofgrade-separatedtransitprojectsinChinaappeartobeconsiderablylowerthanthecostsforadvancedindustrialcountries.Firstly,monorailcanreduceconstructioncostsofurbanrailtransitsystems.Secondly,ithasslightlynarrowergeometricprofile.Thirdly,ithasmarginallylowernoiselevel.TextAChongqingMonorailI.Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothetext.Exercises12.Whatarethedrawbacksandlimitationsofmonorailtechnology?

Therearefouraspectsofthedrawbacksandlimitationsofmonorailtechnology.Theyare:

Firstly,switching:Thecapitalcostsofmonorail"switches"aredefinitelyhigherthanforstandardrailwayswitches,andthepowerneededforbeamwaymovementmayrepresentahigherongoingcostitem.Secondly,tunnelling:Undergroundconstructionmaybemorecostlyformonorailvehicledesigns.Thirdly,rubber-tiretractionandguidance:①Thegreaterfrictionofrubberadhesionimplieshigherongoingpropulsionenergyuse.②Thelossoftractionundericy,snowy,orevenpurelywetconditionsisaproblemwhichmustbetackledbyspecial,generallymoreexpensive,designfeatures.③Thelargenumberoftotalwheelspermonorailtrainset,forbothsupportandguidance,mayintroduceextraproblemsofmaintenanceandtirereplacementinlonger-termexperience.Fourthly,storagefacilities:①Elevatedbeamwaysthroughoutthestorageyardproduceasubstantiallygreaterexpensethanthesurfacestoragefacilitiesneededbystandardrailvehicles.②Thebeamstypicallypresentbarrierstoeasymovementbyworkersandequipmentthroughtheyard.TextAChongqingMonorailII.Choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Exercises1.Currently,themonoraillineisopenonlyonmornings..A.MondayandTuesday

B.FridayandSaturday

C.WednesdayandThurdayD.SaturdayandSunday

2.ThelineisslatedtocontinuetoXinsanchuang,withatotallengthof17.5kmand

stations.

A.17B.20C.18D.19

BA3.Capitalcostsofgrade-separatedtransitprojectsinChinaappeartobesubstantiallythanthecostsforadvancedindustrialcountries.

A.higherB.lowerC.largerD.smaller

D

A

B

4.Thegreaterfrictionofrubberadhesionimplieshigherongoing

energyuse.

A.propositionB.propulsionC.proportionD.proprietor

5.Thelargenumberoftotalwheelspermonorailtrainsetmayintroduceextraproblemsofmaintenanceandtirereplacementin

-termexperience.

A.longerB.shorterC.fartherD.middle

TextAChongqingMonorailIII.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese..Exercises1.ChinesenewsreportsindicatethatthelineopenedtooperationisPhase1oftheChongqing“LightRail”(monorail)Line2,whichwasfinishedin2005.

2.Chongqingplansanetworkoflightmetros(“l(fā)ightrail”),monorail,andunderground(heavymetro)raillines.單軌“換軌”的資金成本肯定高于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)鐵路換軌。該系統(tǒng)的總成本為“約35億元人民幣”。3.Designersclaimthemonoraillinewillbecapableofcarrying30,000passengersperhouratpeaktimes.據(jù)中國新聞報(bào)道，已開通運(yùn)營的是重慶輕軌(單軌)2號(hào)線一期工程，整個(gè)2號(hào)線已于2005年竣工。

重慶計(jì)劃建設(shè)輕軌、單軌和地鐵(重軌)的軌道交通網(wǎng)。

工程設(shè)計(jì)者說，這條單軌線路在高峰時(shí)期每小時(shí)能運(yùn)送3萬名乘客。

4.Thecapitalcostsofmonorail“switches”aredefinitelyhigherthanforstandardrailwayswitches.5.Thetotalsystemcostisstatedas“about3.5billionyuan”.TextAChongqingMonorailIV.Summarywriting.ExercisesInnotmorethan80wordsgiveanaccountofthispassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

(Open)

AttheStationILearntoSayMeetingthePassengersTicket