2025【寒假伴學(xué)營(yíng)】高三英語(yǔ)《鞏固復(fù)習(xí)》第01講必修1~必修3詞匯（練習(xí)）含答案及解析

第01講必修1~必修3詞匯考點(diǎn)目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫(xiě)02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語(yǔ)【題型二】完形詞匯和短語(yǔ)03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2024·河北·一模）Theconventional(wise)isthatboysmaturemoreslowlythangirls.2．（2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Oncethebrushmovementhesitates,ablackmarkiscreated,sospeed,(strong)andagility(敏捷)aretheessenceoffineartwork.3．（2022·廣東深圳·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Therearemanypalmtreesplantedalongthebeach,someofthem(measure)over30metres.4．（23-24高三·廣東廣州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Tomy(satisfy),Igotagoodresultoftheexam,whichmademymotherquitehappy.5．（23-24高三·河北石家莊·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）(intend)toenrichstudents’schoollife,ourprogramfeaturesthefunofEnglish.6．（23-24高三·河南南陽(yáng)·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Withhisrelatives’eyes(focus)onhim,hefeltverynervous.7．（23-24高三·廣東廣州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）It’sagreatwayformetorelievestressandpressure,anddancemywaytowardsfeeling(energy)andhappyagain.8．（23-24高三·黑龍江哈爾濱·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Intheepidemicof1916,a(physical)coulddolittleforthethousandswhofellill.9．（23-24高三·黑龍江大慶·期末）Theadoptedprojectfeatures(independent)developedkeytechniquesanddesign.10．（23-24高三·福建·階段練習(xí)）Yourlifeandcareerdon’trelyontheideas(bounce)aroundinyourheadsbutyourdown-to-earthactions.11．（23-24高三·內(nèi)蒙古赤峰·階段練習(xí)）Eveninthe(commerce)heartofitslargestcity,religionremainscentraltolifeinMyanmar.12．（23-24高三·江蘇揚(yáng)州·階段練習(xí)）NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft(want)morenexttime.13．（23-24高三·福建·階段練習(xí)）Robert,(accuse)oftheftinasupermarket,mightfacetheresultofbeingarrestedandputintoprison.14．（23-24高三·山東菏澤·階段練習(xí)）Scientistsaretryingtofinddrugsthatare(effect)againstcancer.15．（23-24高三·陜西渭南·階段練習(xí)）Wewillhaveoursuitcases(pack)upaheadofschedule.題型二核心單詞拼寫(xiě)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1．（23-24高三·吉林長(zhǎng)春·階段練習(xí)）Duringthehurricane,manypeople(躲避)intheirbasementsandsurvived.2．（2024·陜西西安·一模）About400yearsago,ChineseexplorerXuXiaketravelledfor30yearsacrossthecountryandwroteXuXiake’sTravelNotesbasedonlotsofhisstrange(冒險(xiǎn)).3．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Tohisparents’(寬慰),theboymadeaquickrecoveryaftertheoperation.4．（2023·湖南株洲·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mikefelt(沮喪)becausehefailedthemathexam.5．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·二模）Thelandaroundherehasneverbeen(開(kāi)墾；種植),soweneedalotoffarming.6．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Assoonasthefirealarmwentoff,everyoneinthebuilding(逃離)tothenearestexit.7．（23-24高三上·吉林長(zhǎng)春·階段練習(xí)）Nothingcan(取代)fortheadviceyourparentsareabletogiveyou.8．（2023·陜西西安·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Throughhardwork,wecanbe(錄取)toourdreamuniversity9．（23-24高三·陜西西安·期末）Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethe(大多數(shù))ofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.10．（24-25高三·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Facedwithsomanygood(機(jī)會(huì)),I’matalosswhichonetochoose.題型一閱讀詞匯和短語(yǔ)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·江蘇南京·二模）Sincethelasticeage,humanshaveclearednearlyhalfoftheearth’sforestsandgrasslandsforagriculture.Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforspaceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,however,showshowfarmersmaysoonharvestcropsandenergytogether.Oneresearcher,MajdiAbouNajm,explainsthatvisiblelightspectrum(光譜)canbeseparatedintoblueandredlightwaves,andtheirphotons(光子)havedifferentproperties.Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.Whilethatgivesbluelightwhatisneededtogeneratepower,italsoresultsinhighertemperatures.“Fromaplantangle,redphotonsaretheefficientones,”saysAbouNajm.“Theydon’tmaketheplantfeelhot.”Agoalofthestudyistocreateanewgenerationofsolarpanels.Heseespotentialintheorganicsolarcells,whichcomefromcarbon-basedmaterials.Thinandtransparent,thecellsareappliedlikeafilmontovarioussurfaces.Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.Thesepanelscouldalsoprovideshadeforheat-sensitivefruitsduringthehottestpartoftheday.By2050,we’llhavetwobillionmorepeople,andwe’llneedmorefoodandmoreenergy.Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,“we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,”saysAbouNajm.“Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.”1．Whatproblemdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?A．Losingcroplandtosolarpanels.B．Distributionoftheworldpopulation.C．Reductioninforestsandgrasslands.D．Competingforlandbetweenfarmers.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Generationofsolarpower.B．Hotweatherincreasingefficiency.C．Bluephotonshavinghigherenergy.D．Separationofvisiblelightspectrum.3．Whatdoweknowabouttheorganicsolarcells?A．Theymakefruitsheat-sensitive.B．Theycancooldowninhotdays,C．Theyallowredlighttopassthrough.D．Theycanstorecarbon-basedmaterials.4．WhatdoesAbouNajmthinkofthefutureofthenewsolarpanels?A．Limited. B．Promising.C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.題型二完形詞匯和短語(yǔ)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·湖北·三模）Afewdaysbeforemyhighschoolended,IwassittinginmyEnglishclass.Myclassmatesweretalkingaboutwhowouldbethefirstpersontoshedtearsat1.Then,everyonelookedatme,andIbeganto2rightthenandthere.Iamnotanemotionalperson,butthe3ofleavingthisplacehitmehard.Ineverknewhowmuchthisbuildingandthepeopleinit4tome,untilmylastdays.Highschoolisn’tforeveryone,butthereissomethingforeveryoneinhighschool.Youjusthaveto5outwhatyour“thing”is.I6foundmy“thing”inhighschoolandthatwasStudentGovernment.ForonceIhada(n)7.Iservedastherepresentativeofmyclass,anditgavemea8toconveynotonlymyown,butmyclassmates'9toteachersandourschool.ButtherewerealotoftimeswhenIfelt10.Isatintheclassroomlookingattheclock,11fortheendofschoolday.I12thedaysuntilsummerlikeitwasmyjob.ButnowI13Icouldtakebackallofthosemoments.Mybiggest14toanyonestillinhighschoolistomakeyourschoolaplacewhereyouwanttogo.Highschoolgoesbyveryquickly.Youonlygetonechancetobeahighschooler,sotake15ofit.1．A．school B．graduation C．break D．random2．A．cry B．lie C．sing D．sigh3．A．proposal B．option C．possibility D．thought4．A．meant B．replied C．reacted D．faded5．A．bring B．figure C．cross D．carry6．A．a(chǎn)nxiously B．bravely C．luckily D．initially7．A．organization B．impression C．voice D．discovery8．A．benefit B．chance C．challenge D．purpose9．A．objectives B．principles C．concerns D．updates10．A．disturbed B．sheltered C．a(chǎn)larmed D．inspired11．A．a(chǎn)pplauding B．searching C．fighting D．longing12．A．counteddown B．wentthrough C．setaside D．putoff13．A．promise B．a(chǎn)ssume C．pray D．realize14．A．support B．a(chǎn)dvice C．rule D．warning15．A．a(chǎn)ccount B．notice C．control D．a(chǎn)dvantage（2023·全國(guó)甲卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe2(six)century,B．C．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,3RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,4alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,5(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage6(intend)foreveryone.7(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility8savingtheirenvironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty9(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill10(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.2.（2023·新高考II卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。WheneverItellpeoplethatIteachEnglishattheBerlinZoo,Ialmostalwaysgetaquestioninglook.Behindit,thepersonistryingtofigureoutwhoexactlyIteach…theanimals?SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe11(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand12(confidence)speakingEnglish.AndwhodotheyspeakEnglish13?Notthepandas,eventhough14languageusedforthemedicaltraininginstructionsisactuallyEnglish.Theytalktothefloodofinternationaltouristsandto15(visit)Chinesezookeeperswhooftencometocheckonthepandas,whichareonloanfromChina.Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive16(interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.Thisis17theyneedanEnglishtrainer.So,whataretheylearning?18(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.It’sbeenanhonortowatchthepandaprogrammedevelop19toseethepandassettleintotheirnewhome.Asalittlegirl,I20(wish)tobeazookeeperwhenIgrewup.Now,I’mlivingoutthatdreamindirectlybyhelpingthepandakeepersdotheirjobinEnglish.

第01講必修1~必修3詞匯考點(diǎn)目錄01模擬基礎(chǔ)練【題型一】易考單詞變形【題型二】核心單詞拼寫(xiě)02重難創(chuàng)新練【題型一】閱讀詞匯和短語(yǔ)【題型二】完形詞匯和短語(yǔ)03真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)練題型一易考單詞變形所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．（2024·河北·一模）Theconventional(wise)isthatboysmaturemoreslowlythangirls.【答案】wisdom【解析】考查名詞。句意：傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為男孩比女孩成熟得慢。名詞wisdom“普通看法”作主語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)。故填wisdom。2．（2022·全國(guó)·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Oncethebrushmovementhesitates,ablackmarkiscreated,sospeed,(strong)andagility(敏捷)aretheessenceoffineartwork.【答案】strength【解析】考查名詞。句意：畫(huà)筆的動(dòng)作一旦停頓，就會(huì)形成一個(gè)黑色的痕跡，所以速度、力量和敏捷是美術(shù)作品的精髓。分析句子可知，空處和speed及agility并列作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用名詞形式，strength“力量”，此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，故填strength。3．（2022·廣東深圳·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Therearemanypalmtreesplantedalongthebeach,someofthem(measure)over30metres.【答案】measuring【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：海灘上種植著許多棕櫚樹(shù)，有些超過(guò)30米。這是一個(gè)“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”,分詞帶著自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成“獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”。句中measure和some(trees)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填measuring。4．（23-24高三·廣東廣州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Tomy(satisfy),Igotagoodresultoftheexam,whichmademymotherquitehappy.【答案】satisfaction【解析】考查名詞。句意：令我滿(mǎn)意的是，我在考試中取得了一個(gè)好成績(jī)，這讓我媽媽很高興。toone's+情感類(lèi)名詞，表示“令人……”，固定搭配；由此可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞satisfaction，不可數(shù)。故填satisfaction。5．（23-24高三·河北石家莊·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）(intend)toenrichstudents’schoollife,ourprogramfeaturesthefunofEnglish.【答案】Intended【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意：為了豐富學(xué)生的校園生活，我們的節(jié)目以英語(yǔ)的樂(lè)趣為特色。beintendedtodo意為“旨在做某事”，為固定搭配，空格處和謂語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有連詞，且表示動(dòng)作已完成，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。句首首字母應(yīng)大寫(xiě)。故填I(lǐng)ntended。6．（23-24高三·河南南陽(yáng)·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Withhisrelatives’eyes(focus)onhim,hefeltverynervous.【答案】focused【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：親戚們的目光都集中在他身上，他感到非常緊張。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)，又因?yàn)閒ocus和賓語(yǔ)eyes之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填focused。7．（23-24高三·廣東廣州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）It’sagreatwayformetorelievestressandpressure,anddancemywaytowardsfeeling(energy)andhappyagain.【答案】energetic【解析】考查形容詞。句意：這對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)很好的方式來(lái)緩解壓力，用我自己的方式跳舞讓我重新感到精力充沛和快樂(lè)?？仗幒蚢nd后的happy并列，作feeling的表語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用形容詞energetic，意為“精力充沛的”。故填energetic。8．（23-24高三·黑龍江哈爾濱·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）Intheepidemicof1916,a(physical)coulddolittleforthethousandswhofellill.【答案】physician【解析】考查名詞。句意：在1916年的瘟疫中，醫(yī)生對(duì)成千上萬(wàn)的病人幾乎無(wú)能為力。作主語(yǔ)，表示“醫(yī)生”應(yīng)用名詞physician，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填physician。9．（23-24高三·黑龍江大慶·期末）Theadoptedprojectfeatures(independent)developedkeytechniquesanddesign.【答案】independently【解析】考查副詞。句意：被采納的項(xiàng)目的特點(diǎn)是采用自主開(kāi)發(fā)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)。分析句子可知，空處作修飾過(guò)去分詞developed，應(yīng)用副詞independently，意為“獨(dú)立地，自主地”，作狀語(yǔ)，表示自主開(kāi)發(fā)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)。故填independently。10．（23-24高三·福建·階段練習(xí)）Yourlifeandcareerdon’trelyontheideas(bounce)aroundinyourheadsbutyourdown-to-earthactions.【答案】bouncing【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：你的生活和事業(yè)不依賴(lài)于你腦海中跳躍的想法，而是依賴(lài)于你腳踏實(shí)地的行動(dòng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，bounce在句子中不作為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用，它和ideas之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，故填bouncing。11．（23-24高三·內(nèi)蒙古赤峰·階段練習(xí)）Eveninthe(commerce)heartofitslargestcity,religionremainscentraltolifeinMyanmar.【答案】commercial【解析】考查形容詞。句意：即使在緬甸最大城市的商業(yè)中心，宗教仍然是緬甸人生活的中心。此處修飾名詞heart應(yīng)用形容詞commercial表示“商業(yè)的”作定語(yǔ)。故填commercial。12．（23-24高三·江蘇揚(yáng)州·階段練習(xí)）NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteamerisrarelyenough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft(want)morenexttime.【答案】wanting【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：無(wú)論我在哪里買(mǎi)湯包，一籠屜是不夠的，然而兩籠屜似乎有點(diǎn)貪婪，所以我總是想下次多吃一些。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞“amleft”，空處需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，want和邏輯主語(yǔ)I之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，leavesbdoingsth“使某人保持做某事的狀態(tài)”，此處為其被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)sb.be

leftdoing。故填wanting。13．（23-24高三·福建·階段練習(xí)）Robert,(accuse)oftheftinasupermarket,mightfacetheresultofbeingarrestedandputintoprison.【答案】accused【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：羅伯特被控在超市偷竊，他可能面臨被捕入獄的結(jié)果。accuse和邏輯主語(yǔ)Robert之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填accused。14．（23-24高三·山東菏澤·階段練習(xí)）Scientistsaretryingtofinddrugsthatare(effect)againstcancer.【答案】effective【解析】考查形容詞。句意：科學(xué)家們正在努力尋找對(duì)癌癥有效的藥物。空處需填形容詞effective，作表語(yǔ)。故填effective。15．（23-24高三·陜西渭南·階段練習(xí)）Wewillhaveoursuitcases(pack)upaheadofschedule.【答案】packed【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意：我們將提前把手提箱收拾好。分析句子可知，這里考查havesthdone表“讓……被做”，為固定搭配，所以這里應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填packed。題型二核心單詞拼寫(xiě)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成句子1．（23-24高三上·吉林長(zhǎng)春·階段練習(xí)）Duringthehurricane,manypeople(躲避)intheirbasementsandsurvived.【答案】sheltered【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：颶風(fēng)期間，許多人躲在地下室里，幸免于難。根據(jù)andsurvived可知，空處用過(guò)去式表示句子為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示“躲避”用shelter，過(guò)去式為sheltered。故填sheltered。2．（2024·陜西西安·一模）About400yearsago,ChineseexplorerXuXiaketravelledfor30yearsacrossthecountryandwroteXuXiake’sTravelNotesbasedonlotsofhisstrange(冒險(xiǎn)).【答案】adventures【解析】考查名詞。句意：大約400年前，中國(guó)探險(xiǎn)家徐霞客花了30年時(shí)間走遍中國(guó)，并根據(jù)他的許多奇遇寫(xiě)成了《徐霞客游記》。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示“冒險(xiǎn)”可知，此處為名詞adventure，lotsof后面接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填adventures。3．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Tohisparents’(寬慰),theboymadeaquickrecoveryaftertheoperation.【答案】relief【解析】考查名詞。句意：令他父母欣慰的是，手術(shù)后男孩恢復(fù)得很快。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)用名詞relief，短語(yǔ)toone’srelief“令某人欣慰的是”。故填relief。4．（2023·湖南株洲·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Mikefelt(沮喪)becausehefailedthemathexam.【答案】down/upset【解析】考查形容詞。句意：邁克因?yàn)閿?shù)學(xué)考試不及格而感到沮喪。根據(jù)空格前的系動(dòng)詞felt可知，空格處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語(yǔ)，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示“沮喪”應(yīng)為down/upset。故填down/upset。5．（2023·吉林長(zhǎng)春·二模）Thelandaroundherehasneverbeen(開(kāi)墾；種植),soweneedalotoffarming.【答案】cultivated【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這附近的土地從來(lái)沒(méi)有開(kāi)墾過(guò)，所以我們需要大量的耕作。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞cultivate，與主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，根據(jù)上文hasneverbeen可知為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填cultivated。6．（2024·陜西西安·一模）Assoonasthefirealarmwentoff,everyoneinthebuilding(逃離)tothenearestexit.【答案】fled/escaped【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：火警一響，大樓里的每個(gè)人都逃到最近的出口。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞flee或escape；空處為主句謂語(yǔ)，結(jié)合上文went可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填fled/escaped。7．（23-24高三·吉林長(zhǎng)春·階段練習(xí)）Nothingcan(取代)fortheadviceyourparentsareabletogiveyou.【答案】substitute【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：沒(méi)有什么可以代替父母給你的忠告。substitutefor代替、取代，為固定短語(yǔ)，can后用動(dòng)詞原形。故填substitute。8．（2023·陜西西安·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Throughhardwork,wecanbe(錄取)toourdreamuniversityeventually.【答案】admitted【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：通過(guò)努力學(xué)習(xí)，我們最終可以考上我們夢(mèng)想的大學(xué)。beadmittedto被……錄??；獲準(zhǔn)做某事；獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意，故填admitted。9．（23-24高三·陜西西安·期末）Anagreementseemstobeimpossiblebecausethe(大多數(shù))ofthecommitteemembersareagainstit.【答案】majority【解析】考查名詞。句意：因?yàn)槎鄶?shù)委員反對(duì)，所以很難達(dá)成協(xié)議。themajorityof意為“大多數(shù)的”，為固定搭配，所以此處應(yīng)用名詞majority表示“多數(shù)”作主語(yǔ)。故填majority。10．（24-25高三·全國(guó)·課后作業(yè)）Facedwithsomanygood(機(jī)會(huì)),I’matalosswhichonetochoose.【答案】opportunities/chances【解析】考查名詞。句意：面對(duì)這么多好機(jī)會(huì)，我不知道該選哪一個(gè)。根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞opportunity“機(jī)會(huì)”或chance“機(jī)會(huì)”，前面有many修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填opportunities或chances。題型一閱讀詞匯和短語(yǔ)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·江蘇南京·二模）Sincethelasticeage,humanshaveclearednearlyhalfoftheearth’sforestsandgrasslandsforagriculture.Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforspaceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.ArecentstudyfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,however,showshowfarmersmaysoonharvestcropsandenergytogether.Oneresearcher,MajdiAbouNajm,explainsthatvisiblelightspectrum(光譜)canbeseparatedintoblueandredlightwaves,andtheirphotons(光子)havedifferentproperties.Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.Whilethatgivesbluelightwhatisneededtogeneratepower,italsoresultsinhighertemperatures.“Fromaplantangle,redphotonsaretheefficientones,”saysAbouNajm.“Theydon’tmaketheplantfeelhot.”Agoalofthestudyistocreateanewgenerationofsolarpanels.Heseespotentialintheorganicsolarcells,whichcomefromcarbon-basedmaterials.Thinandtransparent,thecellsareappliedlikeafilmontovarioussurfaces.Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.Thesepanelscouldalsoprovideshadeforheat-sensitivefruitsduringthehottestpartoftheday.By2050,we’llhavetwobillionmorepeople,andwe’llneedmorefoodandmoreenergy.Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,“we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,”saysAbouNajm.“Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.”1．Whatproblemdoesthefirstparagraphfocuson?A．Losingcroplandtosolarpanels.B．Distributionoftheworldpopulation.C．Reductioninforestsandgrasslands.D．Competingforlandbetweenfarmers.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph2referto?A．Generationofsolarpower.B．Hotweatherincreasingefficiency.C．Bluephotonshavinghigherenergy.D．Separationofvisiblelightspectrum.3．Whatdoweknowabouttheorganicsolarcells?A．Theymakefruitsheat-sensitive.B．Theycancooldowninhotdays,C．Theyallowredlighttopassthrough.D．Theycanstorecarbon-basedmaterials.4．WhatdoesAbouNajmthinkofthefutureofthenewsolarpanels?A．Limited. B．Promising.C．Uncertain. D．Challenging.【答案】1．A2．C3．C4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講述了一項(xiàng)研究表明，可以通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)新一代太陽(yáng)能電池板來(lái)收獲紅色和藍(lán)色的光波，分別滿(mǎn)足農(nóng)業(yè)和發(fā)電的需要，最大限度地利用太陽(yáng)能。1．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Withtheworldpopulationexpanding,there’sever-increasingpressureonfarmlandtoproducenotonlymorefoodbutalsocleanenergy.InplacessuchasYakimaCounty,Washington,it’screatedcompetitionforspaceasland-hungrysolarpanels(板)consumeavailablefields.Lastmonth,thestateapprovedplanstocover1,700acresofagriculturallandwithsolarpanels,fuelingconcernsoverthelong-termimpactsoflosingcropland.(隨著世界人口的增長(zhǎng)，農(nóng)田不僅要生產(chǎn)更多的糧食，還要生產(chǎn)清潔能源，農(nóng)田的壓力越來(lái)越大。在華盛頓州亞基馬縣等地，由于需要土地的太陽(yáng)能電池板消耗了可用的田地，這就造成了空間競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。上個(gè)月，該州批準(zhǔn)了用太陽(yáng)能電池板覆蓋1700英畝農(nóng)田的計(jì)劃，這加劇了人們對(duì)失去農(nóng)田的長(zhǎng)期影響的擔(dān)憂(yōu)。)”可知，第一段主要講述了太陽(yáng)能電池板占據(jù)農(nóng)田，導(dǎo)致農(nóng)田空間減少。故選A。2．代詞指代題。that為指示代詞，常用來(lái)指代上文提到的事物。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前一句“Blueoneshavehigherenergythanredones.(藍(lán)色的光子比紅色的光子能量高。)”可知，that指代的是藍(lán)色光子有更高的能量，更高的能量給予了產(chǎn)生電所需的藍(lán)光。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thisnewtechnologycouldbeusedtodevelopspecialsolarpanelsthatblockbluelighttogeneratepower,whilepassingtheredlightontocropsplanteddirectlybelow.(這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)可以用于開(kāi)發(fā)特殊的太陽(yáng)能電池板，該電池板可以阻擋藍(lán)光發(fā)電，同時(shí)讓紅光傳給正下方種植的作物。)”可知，這種有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板能夠阻擋藍(lán)光，讓紅光通過(guò)。故選C。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Bymaximizingthesolarspectrum,‘we’remakingfulluseofanendlesslysustainableresource,’saysAbouNajm.‘Ifatechnologykicksinthatcandevelopthesepanels,thentheskyisthelimitonhowefficientwecanbe.’(AbouNajm說(shuō)，通過(guò)最大限度地利用太陽(yáng)能光譜，‘我們正在充分利用無(wú)盡的可持續(xù)資源?！缒軌蜷_(kāi)發(fā)出這些面板的果一項(xiàng)技術(shù)生效，那么我們的效率就是無(wú)限的?！?”可知，AbouNajm認(rèn)為有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板能夠最大限度地利用無(wú)盡的太陽(yáng)能資源，讓人類(lèi)的效率變得無(wú)限，由此可推測(cè)出，他認(rèn)為有機(jī)太陽(yáng)能電池板非常有前景。故選B。題型二完形詞匯和短語(yǔ)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。（2024·湖北·三模）Afewdaysbeforemyhighschoolended,IwassittinginmyEnglishclass.Myclassmatesweretalkingaboutwhowouldbethefirstpersontoshedtearsat1.Then,everyonelookedatme,andIbeganto2rightthenandthere.Iamnotanemotionalperson,butthe3ofleavingthisplacehitmehard.Ineverknewhowmuchthisbuildingandthepeopleinit4tome,untilmylastdays.Highschoolisn’tforeveryone,butthereissomethingforeveryoneinhighschool.Youjusthaveto5outwhatyour“thing”is.I6foundmy“thing”inhighschoolandthatwasStudentGovernment.ForonceIhada(n)7.Iservedastherepresentativeofmyclass,anditgavemea8toconveynotonlymyown,butmyclassmates'9toteachersandourschool.ButtherewerealotoftimeswhenIfelt10.Isatintheclassroomlookingattheclock,11fortheendofschoolday.I12thedaysuntilsummerlikeitwasmyjob.ButnowI13Icouldtakebackallofthosemoments.Mybiggest14toanyonestillinhighschoolistomakeyourschoolaplacewhereyouwanttogo.Highschoolgoesbyveryquickly.Youonlygetonechancetobeahighschooler,sotake15ofit.1．A．school B．graduation C．break D．random2．A．cry B．lie C．sing D．sigh3．A．proposal B．option C．possibility D．thought4．A．meant B．replied C．reacted D．faded5．A．bring B．figure C．cross D．carry6．A．a(chǎn)nxiously B．bravely C．luckily D．initially7．A．organization B．impression C．voice D．discovery8．A．benefit B．chance C．challenge D．purpose9．A．objectives B．principles C．concerns D．updates10．A．disturbed B．sheltered C．a(chǎn)larmed D．inspired11．A．a(chǎn)pplauding B．searching C．fighting D．longing12．A．counteddown B．wentthrough C．setaside D．putoff13．A．promise B．a(chǎn)ssume C．pray D．realize14．A．support B．a(chǎn)dvice C．rule D．warning15．A．a(chǎn)ccount B．notice C．control D．a(chǎn)dvantage【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．A5．B6．C7．C8．B9．C10．A11．D12．A13．C14．B15．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在高中畢業(yè)前的經(jīng)歷和感悟，表達(dá)了對(duì)離別的不舍與對(duì)高中生活的珍惜，希望高中生利用好高中的時(shí)間，實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。1．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同學(xué)們?cè)谟懻撜l(shuí)會(huì)是第一個(gè)在畢業(yè)典禮上流淚的人。A.school學(xué)校；B.graduation畢業(yè)；C.break休息；D.random隨機(jī)。根據(jù)上文的“Afewdaysbeforemyhighschoolended,IwassittinginmyEnglishclass.”可知，“我”的高中生活即將結(jié)束，因此學(xué)校要舉行畢業(yè)儀式。故選B項(xiàng)。2．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，每個(gè)人都看著我，我就在那里哭了起來(lái)。A.cry哭泣；B.lie說(shuō)謊；C.sing唱歌；D.sigh嘆息。根據(jù)上文的“Myclassmatesweretalkingaboutwhowouldbethefirstpersontoshedtearsat...”可知，“我”就在這時(shí)哭了起來(lái)。故選A項(xiàng)。3．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是一個(gè)情緒化的人，但是一想到要離開(kāi)這個(gè)地方，我就很難受。A.proposal提議；B.option選項(xiàng)；C.possibility可能性；D.thought想法。根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)eavingthisplacehitmehard”可知，要畢業(yè)了使“我”很難受，說(shuō)明“我”想到了畢業(yè)的場(chǎng)景。故選D項(xiàng)。4．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：直到最后的日子，我才知道這棟樓和里面的人對(duì)我有多么重要。A.meant意味著；B.replied回答；C.reacted反應(yīng)；D.faded褪色。根據(jù)上文的“l(fā)eavingthisplacehitmehard”可知，學(xué)校對(duì)“我”來(lái)說(shuō)意味著很多。故選A項(xiàng)。5．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：你只需要弄清楚你的“愛(ài)好”是什么。A.bring帶來(lái)；B.figure計(jì)算；C.cross穿過(guò)；D.carry承載。根據(jù)上文的“thereissomethingforeveryoneinhighschool”可知，因此你要弄清楚在高中階段想到得到什么，figureout：弄清楚。故選B項(xiàng)。6．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很幸運(yùn)地在高中找到了我的“目標(biāo)”，那就是學(xué)生會(huì)。A.anxiously焦慮地；B.bravely勇敢地；C.luckily幸運(yùn)地；D.initially最初地。根據(jù)本句中的“I...foundmy“thing”inhighschoolandthatwasStudentGovernment.”可知，“我”找到了在高中階段想要的東西，因此“我”是幸運(yùn)的。故選C項(xiàng)。7．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次我終于有了發(fā)言權(quán)。A.organization組織；B.impression印象；C.voice聲音，發(fā)言權(quán)；D.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文的“Iservedastherepresentativeofmyclass”可知，“我”作為班級(jí)的代表可以向?qū)W校提建議，因此“我”有發(fā)言權(quán)。故選C項(xiàng)。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我擔(dān)任了班級(jí)代表，這不僅給了我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)向老師和學(xué)校傳達(dá)我自己的想法，也給了我同學(xué)們的想法。A.benefit好處；B.chance機(jī)會(huì)；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.purpose目的。根據(jù)本句中的“Iservedastherepresentativeofmyclass”可知，“我”作為班級(jí)的代表，“我”便有了機(jī)會(huì)向?qū)W校提建議。故選B項(xiàng)。9．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我擔(dān)任了班級(jí)代表，這不僅給了我一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)向老師和學(xué)校傳達(dá)我自己的想法，也給了我同學(xué)們的想法。A.objectives目標(biāo)；B.principles原則；C.concerns關(guān)心的問(wèn)題，關(guān)注；D.updates更新。“Iservedastherepresentativeofmyclass,anditgavemea...toconveynotonlymyown”可知，“我”作為班級(jí)的代表，“我”便有了機(jī)會(huì)向?qū)W校提建議，把自己和同學(xué)們關(guān)心的問(wèn)題反映給學(xué)校。故選C項(xiàng)。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但有很多時(shí)候，我感到不安。A.disturbed不安的；B.sheltered庇護(hù)的；C.alarmed驚恐的；D.inspired啟發(fā)的。根據(jù)本句的but表示轉(zhuǎn)折；和下文的“Isatintheclassroomlookingattheclock...fortheendofschoolday.”可知，“我”有時(shí)會(huì)盼望在學(xué)校的一天快點(diǎn)過(guò)去，因此“我”會(huì)感到不安。故選A項(xiàng)。11．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我坐在教室里看著時(shí)鐘，渴望著一天的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)束。A.applauding鼓掌；B.searching搜索；C.fighting打斗；D.longing渴望。根據(jù)上文的“ButtherewerealotoftimeswhenIfelt...”及本句中的“Isatintheclassroomlookingattheclock,...fortheendofschoolday.”可知，“我”有時(shí)會(huì)盼望在學(xué)校的一天快點(diǎn)過(guò)去。故選D項(xiàng)。12．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：我數(shù)著日子等著夏天的到來(lái)，仿佛那是我的工作。A.counteddown倒計(jì)時(shí)，倒著數(shù)；B.wentthrough經(jīng)歷；C.setaside留出；D.putoff推遲。根據(jù)上文的“Isatintheclassroomlookingattheclock,...fortheendofschoolday.”可知，“我”有時(shí)會(huì)盼望在學(xué)校的一天快點(diǎn)過(guò)去，因此會(huì)開(kāi)始數(shù)日子，等待暑假的來(lái)臨。故選A項(xiàng)。13．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但現(xiàn)在我祈禱到我可以收回所有的那些時(shí)刻。A.promise承諾；B.assume假設(shè)；C.pray祈禱；D.realize實(shí)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文的“I...thedaysuntilsummerlikeitwasmyjob.”及本句中的but可知，“我”希望過(guò)去數(shù)日子的事情沒(méi)發(fā)生該有多好，因此祈禱能追回那些日子。故選C項(xiàng)。14．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我對(duì)還在上高中的人最大的建議是，讓你的學(xué)校成為你想去的地方。A.support支持；B.advice建議；C.rule規(guī)則；D.warning警告。根據(jù)本句中的“makeyourschoolaplacewhereyouwanttogo”可知，“我”通過(guò)自身的經(jīng)歷給高中生提建議：讓你的學(xué)校成為你想去的地方。故選B項(xiàng)。15．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：你只有一次成為高中生的機(jī)會(huì)，所以要好好利用它。A.account賬戶(hù)；B.notice注意；C.control控制；D.advantage優(yōu)勢(shì)。根據(jù)本句中的“Youonlygetonechancetobeahighschooler”可知，“我”建議高中生利用好這段時(shí)間，因此機(jī)會(huì)只有一次。故選D項(xiàng)。（2023·全國(guó)甲卷）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)1(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe2(six)century,B．C．Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,3RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,4alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,5(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage6(intend)foreveryone.7(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility8savingtheirenvironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty9(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthro