第03講-定語從句(外研版2019選擇必修1)(原卷版)

第03講定語從句復習定語從句中關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法。掌握定語從句在閱讀寫作的運用。定語是什么？基本概念：(1)定語從句：在主從復合句中用作定語的從句叫定語從句。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞后面。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的成份。先行詞可以為一個詞，短語，或整個主句。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系詞的作用：A.引導定語從句，連接主句和從句，相當于一個連詞；B.必在從句中作某個句子成份C,指代先行詞關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞that人或物主語、賓語、表語which物或主句內(nèi)容主語、賓語who人主語或賓語whom人賓語whose人或物定語關(guān)系副詞when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語定語從句三步曲：第一找出先行詞；第二找出定語從句第三看先行詞在定語從句中的語法功能（做主語、賓語或狀語）；結(jié)構(gòu)：名詞/代詞（先行詞）+關(guān)系代詞/副詞+定語從句考點一：關(guān)系代詞+不完整從句考向1：關(guān)系代詞基本用法指人時可以用who，也可用that。Themanwho/thatlivesnexttousisapoliceman.Doyouknowthegirlwho/thatisinred?指物時可以用which，也可用that。Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.Whatdoyouthinkofthemoviethat/whichwasshownlastnight?活學活用：Ilovesingers.Singerswritetheirownsongs.改寫：who在從句中用作主語。Heistheman.Imetthemanyesterday.改寫：考向2：關(guān)系代詞的特殊用法1：先行詞是人，只能用who,不能用that的情況。指人的不定代詞做先行詞時，只能用who.Weshouldhelpanyonewhoisinneed.非限制性定語從句中，逗號與指人的先行詞隔開的句子，只能用who.I’mLiHua,whoisstudyinginLondonduringthesummervacation.2：先行詞是物，只能用which，不能用that的情況。介詞+whichTherearetwochairsintheroom,bothofwhicharebroken.非限制性定語從句中，逗號與指物的先行詞隔開的句子，只能用whichTheywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.3：先行詞是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情況。（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞及only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修飾時。1)Iwilltellhimallthatyoutoldmeattheball.2)Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.3)ThefirstplacethatwevisitedwastheGreatWall.（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代詞時。Thegirlhandedeverythingthatshehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時。Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandbooksthatfilledhisbus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語,關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitwas5yearsago.（5）當主句中含有疑問詞which時。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?例1．1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.4.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_____surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.5.Lookout!Don'tgettooclosetothehouse_______roofisunderrepair.考點二：關(guān)系副詞+完整從句關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why三個，在定語從句中一般作狀語。關(guān)系副詞的作用關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語從句中充當?shù)某煞株P(guān)系副詞when時間狀語where地點狀語why原因狀語例2．Thereason__________hediditisnotclear.Thereason__________hegavetotheteacherisunbelievable.Iwillneverforgettheday_________Imet.Iwillneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.考點三：非限制性從句判斷下面兩個句子是限制性定語從句還是非限制性定語從句。Ilostallthemoneyyoulentmeyesterday.Ilostallthemoney,withoutwhichIhadtowalkhome.例3．1.Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,isnotgoodforthehealth.

2.ButSarah,hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.

3.MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.

考點四：介詞+關(guān)系代詞which/whomThisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.Thebabies(whom/who/that)thenurseislookingafterareveryhealthy.Heloveshisparentsdeeply,allofwhomareverykindtohim.例4．【針對練習】1.

Doyoulikethebook___________shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook___________shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook___________shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook______________sheoftentalks?5.

Hebuiltatelescope______________hecouldstudytheskies.6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,_____________standsourteacher.7.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest___________istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_____________peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman____________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwriting.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.11.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.12.Istillremembertheday________IfirstgottoParis.1.(2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies____65____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.2.(2022年全國甲卷)Onthe1,100.Kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,___62___losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovince.3.(2021新高考Ⅰ,39)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumopenedin1759.

4.(2021課標全國Ⅰ,63)Becausethemoonsbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,ChinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspotitcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.

5.(2020課標全國Ⅲ,61)InancientChinalivedanartistpaintingswerealmostlifelike.

6.(2020江蘇,21)Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,fromstudentscanchooseforfree.

7.(2020天津,6)Dr.Rowan,secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.

8.(2021·北京市·期末)Itwasallhappeningtooquickly,

mademanypeoplefeelnervous.9.(2021·北京市·期末)Theuniversity,

manytopstudentsstudy,iscuttingitsenrollmentinhalfnextterm.10.(2023·安徽省·單元測試)Someoftheroadswereflooded,______madeourjourneymoredifficult.11.(2022·全國·月考試卷)Occasionsarequiterare______Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.12.(2020·全國·模擬題)Mygrandmawasbornatatime______mobilephoneswerenoteveninpeople'simaginations.13.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown______hegrewupasachild14.Accordingtohistorians,therehasn'tbeenacountrywithsuchalargepopulationinhumanhistory______hasmadesuchprofoundchangesandimprovementswithinsuchashortspanoftime.15.(2022·江蘇省南京市·期末考試)Alotoflanguagelearning,______hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshouldtalkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod．語法填空InChina,fooddeliverymenarealwaysinarushbetweentrafficregardlessofwindorrain.____1____theymakeourlifemoreconvenient,thiscancomeat____2____costforthem.Onfooddeliveryserviceplatforms,thetimelimitiscalculatedbyanalgorithm（算法）.Butitdoesn'tconsiderreal-life____3____（situation）,suchasredlightsandspeedlimits.Fordeliverymen,delaymeansadecreaseinpay.Sotheyspeedupandoftenbreaktrafficrules,____4____（put）notonlytheirownlivesatrisk,butalsothelivesofothers.Manypeoplescoldedandaskedtheplatformstoimprovetheregulationsondelivery.____5____response,Elemeannounceditwouldaddabuttontotheapp,____6____allowscustomerstoextendthetimelimit.Butthiscreatedmore____7____（heat）debate,assomefeltthecompanywasdistractingattention.TheShanghaiCustomerCouncilcommentedthatthemovewasnotreasonable,addingthattheproblemsshould____8____（settle）betweenthecompaniesandtheiremployees.Also,evenwiththeability____9____（allow）moretimefordelivery,someusersfeltthiswouldnot_____10_____（full）addresstheproblems.單句填空11.Hewrotealongletterheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.

12.WearehopingforsupportfromMrWebster,withoutsupportwecan’tmakeit.

13.SomeoftheteachersatthecollegeaskedDrNaismithtoinventagamecanbeplayedindoors.

14.SierraLeoneisacountrybasichealthfacilitiesarelackingandmanypeoplearestrugglingwithpoverty.

15.Thosemotorcycles,ahugeumbrellaisfixed,areahugethreattopeoplewalkinginthestreet.

16.I’msorrynottohaverepliedtoyourletterearlier,for,Imustsay,Iapologize.

17.Almosteveryteenagerwillexperienceaperiodintheirlifetheyaren’tcontentwiththeirparents.

18.Oncetherelivedarichmanwantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.

19.We’vereachedtheNullaborPlainstretchesfor1,000kmandiscompletelyflat.

20.Withoutthinkingtoomuchaboutit,IwenttotheStudentAffairsOffice,IknewIcouldfindclothesinthe“LostandFound”box.

不同語境中長難句定語從句的使用邀請信I‘mwritingtoinviteyoutoparticipateinahikingorganizedbyme，whichsomeofourclassmateswilltakepartin.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我寫信邀請你參加下周六在我們學校舉辦的音樂節(jié)。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請信1IhavetakenupChinesepaintingsinceIwasfiveyearsoldandIhaveagoodknowledgeofit,whichmakesitpossibleformetointroducetheexhibitionwell.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________我英語很熟練，這使得我與外國人自由交談成為可能。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________申請信2I'mwritingtoapplytoworkasavolunteerthatyouadvertisedinyesterday’snewspaper.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)我寫信申請我們學校英語協(xié)會所提供的職位。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知1(1)ThemovieGrowingTogether,whichisaboutthedevelopmentofourschool,willbeshownintheschoolhallfrom2:00to4：00intheafternoononJune17th.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)這場音樂會，其中包括由才華橫溢的學生們表演的各種精彩節(jié)目，將于下周日上午在我校大廳舉行。仿寫：____________________________________________________________________________________________通知2（1）Thosewhowanttowatchthemoviearerequiredtoarrivebeforetwointheafternoon.翻譯：____________________________________________________________________________________________(2)任何想?yún)⒓釉摶顒拥耐瑢W，可以通過lihua@123.com與李華聯(lián)系。仿