重難點02-2閱讀七選五之說明文(新高考專用)(學生版)

重難點02-2閱讀七選五之說明文-2023年高考英語【熱點·重點·難點】專練(新高考專用)年份卷類卷別體裁題材設空位置2022年新高考I卷說明文如何尋找健身的伙伴段中設空4段尾設空1II卷說明文寫文章的技巧段首設空1段中設空4全國卷甲卷說明文外出就餐的注意事項段首設空1段中設空3段尾設空1乙卷說明文五種維系異地友誼的方法段首設空3段中設空1段尾設空12021年新高考I卷記敘文體驗巴黎當地的生活段首設空1段中設空4II卷說明文提高閱讀速度的建議段首設空1段中設空2段尾設空2全國卷甲卷說明文處理舊衣物的方法段首設空1段中設空4乙卷說明文在晚會上受人關注的方法段首設空2段中設空2段尾設空1從以上統(tǒng)計看，兩年高考閱讀七選五命題以說明文體裁為最，共7篇，記敘文體裁的只考了一篇，而其他體裁則沒有涉及。就體裁方面而言，筆者以為2023年的高考仍將以說明文為主，記敘文為輔或者就考記敘文?？甲h論文體裁的大概率比較小，因為對于考生來說解題難度會成倍加大。典型結構說明文常用“總分(總)”式文本結構，由總體說明、分別說明和總結三部分構成，這類說明文語篇多以方法、技巧、建議為內容，說明如何做事。文章白首段往往做出總體說明，在引入文章的主題后明確說明的維度(或角度)，對全文起統(tǒng)領作用；接下來文章會用若干個段落，按首段中提出維度分別進行說明，各分別說明段落之間構成并列關系，甚至段落內部結構都有高度的一致性，即每段圍繞某一方面展開說明，段落主旨句通常位于句首，說明的方法有舉例子、分類別、作比較、列數字、下定義、作詮釋、打比方、引資料等，有時段尾還有一個總結性的句子；文章結尾用一個段落對整個文章進行總結，與文章的首段相呼應，但很多短小的說明文沒有結尾的總結性段落。歷年英語高考“七選五”閱讀理解說明文多采用“總分”式結構，大多無總結性段落。理清語篇文本結構、說明方法和邏輯關系是解答典型結構說明文類“七選五”閱讀理解試題的關鍵。在解題時，首先要快速瀏覽全文，通過首段明確文章的說明對象；其次要理清語篇文本結構，弄清各個段落之間的關系。如果文章有總標題、小標題、突出字體的主旨句、項目符等信息時，要充分利用這些信息；最后在整體理解的基礎上，細讀各個段落，理清段落內部結構和各句子間的邏輯關系，同時留意語篇文本采用的說明方法，根據設空位置判斷考點，結合上下文內容，利用相關解題技巧(參看本系列資料的《重難點02-1閱讀七選五之設空剖析》)篩選答案。作為對《重難點02-1閱讀七選五之設空剖析》中所列舉的滿分技巧的補充，這里再列舉一個解題的抓手來確定答案：利用詞匯線索。1.代詞線索：英語表達中的代詞出現的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關系和根據代詞的單復數差異可以準確而快速地解題。2.同義詞/近義詞線索：英語前言后語之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達語甚至相同詞匯的重復使用，這是我們解題的一個很好的判斷線索。其實就其本質而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。3.上下義詞/同一范疇詞線索：上下義詞和同一范疇詞就是前者包含了后者，或可以說后者是前者的一個子集。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關系常?？梢院茌p松地解題?！窘浀淇祭?】(引用原題號，以下同)(2022·全國甲卷節(jié)選)ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOut...ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.

___37___.…MakingRequests___39___.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal【經典考例2】(2022·新課標II卷節(jié)選)...Thethirdtechniqueistotryprintingoutatriple—spaced(三倍行距)copytoallowspaceforrevision.___39___Asaresult,thesewritersnevergetinthehabitofcrossingoutchunks(大塊)oftheirdraftandwritingrevisionsintheblankspace.Afteryouhaverevisedyourdraftuntilitistoomessytoworkfromanymore,youcanenteryourchangesintoyourwordprocessor.___40___Theresultingblankspaceinvitesyoutorevise.A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.F.Manybeginningwritersdon’tleaveenoughspacetorevise.G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.【經典考例3】(2015·新課標I卷節(jié)選)___39___Ifyou’vebeenbetrayed,youarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha“victimmentality”.Atsomepointinallofourlives,we’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.【經典考例4】(2014·新課標I卷節(jié)選)Yourchildrenneedtobedeeplycurious.___37___Askkids,“Whatingredients(配料)canweaddtomakethesepancakesevenbetternexttime?”andthentrythemout.Didthoseingredientsmakethepancakesbetter?Whatcouldwetrynexttime?A.Encouragekidstocookwithyou.B.Andwecan’tforgetscienceeducation.C.Wecangivekidschancestothinkaboutmaterialsinnewways.D.Sohowcanwehelpourkidsprepareforjobsthatdon’tyetexist?E.Gardeningisanothergreatactivityforhelpingkidsdevelopthisskill.F.Wecandothisinreallifeoraskquestionsaboutcharactersinstories.G.Beingabletocommunicateideasinameaningfulwayisavaluableskill.【經典考例5】解題全程演示我們以“2022·新課標I卷”為例試圖演示一下完整的解題過程，供考生平時練習時參考。(2022·新課標I卷)FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”O(jiān)nereasonwas:“You’llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,”whileanotherread:“___36___”Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle(微妙)competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.___37___Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon’tresultinausefulresponse.___38___Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.___39___Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.___40___Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore(核心)ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You’llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood“seekingtrainingpartner”notice?F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheachother.G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuchinformation.一、審題“六關注”審題包括：讀原文和看選項。1.關注體裁結構2.關注主旨大意3.關注首段首句4.關注設空位置5.關注空格前后6.關注七個選項二、解題“講技巧”(題目序號仿新高考)每篇答題時間不超過8分鐘Passage1(2022·全國高三專題練)Timemanagementisanimportantskilltocultivate.Itcanhelpyoumakethemostoutofeachday,leadingtosuccessinareaslikeworkandschool.___36___.Createtherightenvironmenttowork.Theenvironmentyouworkincanhelpwithyouroverallproductivity.Therearenostrictrulesaboutaworkenvironment,sopickwhatfeelsrightforyou.___37___.Thesefeelingswillhelpyoustayontaskandbeproductive.Listyourtasksintermsofimportance.___38___,butorganizethemalittleratherthanjustwritingdowneverythingthatneedstogetdone.Grouptasksintermsofimportance.Forexample,taskslabeled“urgent”mustbedonetoday.Taskslabeled“important,butnoturgent”areimportanttodo,butcanwait.Taskswithlabelslike“l(fā)ow-priority”canbeputoffifnecessary.___39___.Finishingcrucialtasksinthemorningwillleaveyouwithasenseofaccomplishment.Thedaywillalreadyfeellikeasuccessandagreatdealofyourstresswillberelieved.Startoffeachdaybyknockingoutthemostimportanttasksonyourlist.Donotmultitask.Manypeopleassumemultitaskingisagreatwaytogetmoredoneeachdayandmanagetimewisely.However,focusingonmultipletasksatonceactuallymakesyoulessproductive___40___.Focuscompletelyononetaskatatimeinstead.Youwillgetyourworkdonequickerthisway,allowingyoutomakethemostofyourtime.A.ReturnallyouremailsB.DoimportanttasksfirstC.To-dolistsareagreattoolD.Thingswilltakelongertodo,asyou’renotgivinganythingyourfullattentionE.Ifyoucanchooseaparticularspacetowork,chooseaspacefreeofdistractionsF.SurroundyourselfwithinspiringdecorationsthathelpyoufeelenthusiasticandpassionateG.Tomanageyourtime,useyourtimeproductivelybyworkingintherightenvironmentandprioritizingtasksPassage2(2022·四川德陽二模)Whentalkingtopeopleaboutclimatechange,youmightalwaysgetaskedthequestion:Whatcanyoudotohelpasaconsumer?Herearesomespecificstepsyoucantake:Signupforagreenpricingprogramwithyourelectricutility.Someutilitycompaniesallowhomesandbusinessestopayextraforpowerfromcleansources.Whenyouparticipateintheseprograms,you’retellingyourutilitycompanythatyou’rewillingtopaymoretoaddressclimate.___36___Withoutthatdemandsignal,theinnovationsthatgovernmentsandbusinessesinvestinwillstayintheshelf.___37___Dependingonhowmuchmoneyandtimeyoucanspare,youcanreplaceyourincandescentlightbulbswithLEDs,installasmartthermostat,insulateyourwindows,buyefficientappliances,orreplaceyourheatingandcoolingsystemwithaheatpump.Buyanelectricvehicle(EV).EVshavecomealongwayintermsofcostandperformance.Althoughtheymightnotberightforeveryone,they’rebecomingmoreaffordableformanyconsumers.___38___Peoplebuylotsofthem,companieswillmakelotsofthem.___39___.Veggieburgershaven’talwaystastedgreat.However,thenewgenerationofplant-basedproteinalternativesisbetterandclosertothetasteandtextureofmeatthantheirpredecessors.___40___.Inaddition,eatingameatsubstitutejustonceortwiceaweekwillcutdownonthee-missionsyou’reresponsiblefor.Thesamegoesfordairyproducts.A.That’scost-effective.B.Tryaplant-basedburger.C.Reduceyourhome’semissions.D.That’sanimportantmarketsignal.E.EVsarefriendlytoenvironmentandeasytodrive.F.Youcanfindtheminmanyrestaurantsandgrocerystores.G.Thisiswhereconsumers’behaviorcanhaveahugeimpact.Passage3(2022·全國高三專題練)Sayingnototherightthingswillhelpyouprioritize(優(yōu)先處理)high-benefitactivities,avoidingexcessivestress,andreducingtheriskoffailingtomeetyourresponsibilities.So,it’sbettertogetintothehabitofconsideringwhatinvitationstosayyestoandwhattosaynoto.___36___.Startbyaskingyourselfquestionstomeasurethepotentialbenefits:___37___?Whatisthelikelihoodthatitwillcreatemorebeneficialopportunitiesinthefuture?Howimportantisthisactivitytomepersonally?Or,willthisbringmejoy?___38___Howmuchofmytimewillitreallytake?Howmuchtimedoesmyschedulehaveavailablearoundwhenthisactivitywouldtakeplace?WillsayingyesmeanIcan'tsayyestosomethingelsethat'simportanttome?Willsayingyesstealtimeawayfrommypersonallife?Willthisactivitycostmoney?Howmuchstresswilltheactivitycauseme?Finally,wouldIsufferbadeffectsifIsaidno?Whenyou'redone,carefullyexaminetheadvantagesanddisadvantages.Ifyouranalysissuggeststhattheactivitywouldresultinmanybenefitsandfewcosts,thenthatshouldbeatopcandidateforayesresponse.___39___,eveniftheyarelow-costaswell.Inourexperience,it'sthehigh-benefit,high-costactivitiesthatrequirethemostcarefulconsideration.___40___,whichisn'talwayseasy-especiallyifyouranswerisno.Figuringouthowtogiveanhonestresponsecanhelpavoidovercommitmentandtimespentonlow-benefitactivities.A.HowmuchwillIlearnB.CouldyougivethispresentationC.ThenextstepismakingaresponseD.ThenaskyourselfquestionstoestimatethepossiblecostsE.Youcanachieveitbymakinganinformalcost-benefitanalysisF.Weencourageyoutodothreethingstoimproveyour“no”abilitiesG.Onthecontrary,low-benefitactivitiesmightbegivenastraightnoPassage4(2022·福建廈門大學附屬科技中學高三期中)Technologyisheretostay.___1___.However,theyareoftenunsureonhowtohelpchildrenusetechnologyresponsiblyandkeepabalancebetweenonlineandofflinetime.Herearesometips.HaveadevicecontractHavingadeviceusagecontractallowsparentsandchildrentoworkthroughwhatresponsibletechnologyusagelookslikeinyourfamilyandensurethateveryoneisaware.___2___.Kidsare