中考英語總復習題型專項3閱讀理解課件

專題三閱讀理解閱讀理解是學生學習英語必須掌握的最重要的技能之一。依據(jù)近年初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)水平考試要求，英語閱讀理解的能力要求是能獨立閱讀所學語言知識范圍內(nèi)的材料，生詞率不超過3%,閱讀速度為每分鐘50～70詞。一般來說，每篇閱讀材料的長度大約250詞。閱讀理解能力測試的具體要求是：1．能掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實和細節(jié)；2．既能理解具體的事實，也能理解抽象的概念；3．既能理解表面意思，也能理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度和意圖等；4．能根據(jù)短文的有關事實進行推理和判斷；5．能根據(jù)材料所提供的信息，結合中學生應有的常識正確判斷生詞的含義。初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)水平考試測試的閱讀理解題，通常包括主旨大意題、細節(jié)理解題、深層含義題、推理判斷題、詞義猜測題等?？v觀近幾年來全國各地中考閱讀題，其體裁多樣，有記敘文、議論文、說明文、應用文(信函、請柬、通知、便條、表格、圖表、廣告、圖示和標志等)；所選材料內(nèi)容廣泛，涉及文化、環(huán)境、科普、社會、政治、經(jīng)濟、歷史等眾多領域。文章的題材富于變化，形式多種多樣。其特點是：時代氣息濃，可讀性強，理解難度較大。初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)水平考試測試閱讀理解題的目的，主要是考查學生通過閱讀獲取信息、分析信息和處理信息的能力。既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住細節(jié)；既要理解具體事實，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章表面意思，又要挖掘作者的意圖，揣摩隱藏在字里行間的內(nèi)涵；既要理解全篇的邏輯關系，又要理解某些細節(jié)的意思，并且在讀懂句子和文章的基礎上，將所讀文章進行判斷、分析和推理。概括地說就是這類題注重考查閱讀技能，包括理解文章大意、了解具體細節(jié)、通過上下文猜測詞義、歸納篇章大意，以及推斷或理解作者的態(tài)度和意圖等?？忌粌H要具有準確獲得信息的能力，還要具有透過文章表層意思理解文章隱含意義的能力。這樣才能抓住中心思想，做出正確的判斷。試題涉及掌握語篇主旨，事實細節(jié)、深層含義、推理判斷、猜測詞義等多方面的閱讀能力考查。設題通?？紤]以下四個方面：1．直觀性問題。直接引用原文中的語句或根據(jù)短文中原語句稍加改動而編成。2．常識性問題?？疾閷W生依據(jù)短文信息，并根據(jù)自己所具備的一般常識做出判斷的題型。3．理解性問題。考查學生對文章的中心思想、某段的段落大意、某一事實的細節(jié)及作者意圖等的理解程度。4．推理性問題。這類題需在深刻理解文章后，再經(jīng)過推理判斷才能選出答案。閱讀是一個復雜的心理過程，語言學家古德曼認為，閱讀就是讀者通過其心理和語言活動理解來接受作者的思想和觀點。這就是說學生的閱讀理解必須忠實于原文，不可脫離文章憑空想象?？v觀全國各地的初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)水平考試中的閱讀理解題，其命題形式呈現(xiàn)出多樣性、靈活性、綜合性的特點，題材廣泛，包括幽默故事、日常生活、人物傳記、科普知識、社會文化、自然風光等；文體多樣，有記敘文、議論文、說明文、應用文等。通過對近幾年各省(直轄市、自治區(qū))、市初中畢業(yè)生學業(yè)水平考試試卷的分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)閱讀理解題的考查重點主要圍繞以下幾個方面：1．掌握材料的主旨大意，以及用以體現(xiàn)主旨大意的事實和細節(jié)，即when,where,who,what,why,how等內(nèi)容，一般可從文章原句中直接查找答案；2．既能理解表層(詞面)含義，也能理解深層含意(包括作者的態(tài)度和意圖等)；有的題目需利用同義詞、反義詞、構詞法和不同句式等手段找出答案；3．能領悟句、段的意義和它們之間的關系，并能據(jù)此進行推理和判斷，通常有常識推斷、知識判斷、計算判斷和情節(jié)推斷；4．能根據(jù)材料所提供的相關信息，或從上下文語境，結合中學生應有的常識，正確判斷生詞和短語的含義。根據(jù)以上四項要求，閱讀理解的選擇題可分為以下幾種題型：1．細節(jié)理解題；2．詞句理解題；3．推理判斷題；4．主旨大意題；5．標題推測題。做閱讀理解題，需根據(jù)實際情況采用不同的方法。對于一些直接信息類的題目，先讀問題后讀短文，帶著問題去讀文章，目的明確，容易抓住文中與問題相關的信息點。對于主觀判斷題，則應該從文章整體著手，認真閱讀，綜合分析判斷，做出正確判斷。一般情況具體步驟如下：1．略讀全文，掌握主旨大意。略讀時要特別注意短文的首段、首句或末句，一般文章的主旨大意就在這里。抓住每段中的關鍵詞語，便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布，再答題時就心中有數(shù)了。2．推測詞義，注意要點內(nèi)容。閱讀中不要過分推敲語言點，要捕捉每段乃至整篇文章的綱目，對于文章中出現(xiàn)的生詞或看不懂的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文意思猜測理解。3．尋讀。掌握短文的主旨大意之后，應認真閱讀題目，準確理解題意及其范圍，帶著問題到文章中尋找相關答案。一般的事實題可直接從文中找出答案，但也要認真斟酌，透過表層結構，領會其深層含義；而較為深層次的邏輯推理判斷題，則需要建立在對全文理解的基礎上進行。做這類題切忌摻雜主觀因素。4．復讀審核。初次答完題后，要對照短文內(nèi)容對所做答案通盤審核，反復斟酌，做出修正，以減少錯誤疏漏。此外做閱讀理解題時，還應注意四點：1．注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般來說，閱讀理解題沒有標題，就會給學生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困難。但文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心，是作者要說明的對象或作者要闡述的觀點，尾句是文章的結論或表達作者的意圖、態(tài)度或目的。注意到這一點，才能抓住中心，為理解文章奠定良好的基礎。2．閱讀文章體裁不同，閱讀的側重點也不同。記敘文中要注意who(人物),where(地點),when(時間),what(事件),why(原因)；說明文要注意說明的對象、

特征、細節(jié)及數(shù)字等；議論文要注意作者的觀點、論點和論據(jù)。3．要通過文章線索來分析判斷作者的意圖、文章的結論、中心思想及深層次的推理判斷。這一點是最難把握的，考生做題時要特別注意。4．要了解英語國家的風俗習慣、風土人情，了解地道的英語語言表達習慣，不能以中文表達的習慣來理解文章、回答問題?！纠?】2023年廣東省初中學業(yè)水平考試請閱讀A、B兩篇短文，從每小題所給的四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。AWhenit’shotoutsideandwehavetogoout，surelywewanttokeepcool.Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.NowI’llshowyouhowtomakeagoodDIY(DoItYourself)paperfan.WhattopreparePleasepreparetwopiecesofpaper.Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(優(yōu)質的)paper.Thengetglue，twosticks，etc.HowtomakeaDIYfanThefirststepistodrawpicturesonthepaper.Justdrawanythingyoulike.Thenextstepistofoldup(折疊)thepaper.Thengluethetwopiecesoffoldedpapertogether.Afterthat，paintthesticks.Thefinalstepistogluethesticksontothefoldedpaper.Andeverythingisdone.Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan.Thenyoucanfolditupanddropitinyourbag.Whenyouareoutintheheatnexttime，justtakeitoutandenjoythegentlewind.【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文，文章介紹了紙扇可以保持涼爽，以及制作紙扇的步驟。(

)1．WhichisthebestwaytokeepcoolaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Puttingonhats. B．Usingagoodfan.C．Wearinglightclothing. D．Stayingatacoolplace.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wecanputonhats，wearlightclothing，orstayatacoolplace.However，nothingcanbeatagoodfan.”可知，天氣炎熱想保持涼爽的最佳方式就是使用一把好扇子。故選B。B

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)2．Whyisqualitypaperagoodchoicetomakeafan?A．Itislight. B．Itiscolorful.C．Itlastslong. D．Itlooksbeautiful.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Allpaperwillwork，butyourDIYfancanbeusedforalongtimewithquality(優(yōu)質的)paper.”可知，優(yōu)質的紙是制作紙扇的好選擇是因為可以長時間使用。故選C。C

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)3．Whatisthesecondstepofmakingapaperfan?A．Paintingthesticks. B．Drawingpicturesonthepaper.C．Foldingupthepaper. D．Gluingthesticksontothefoldedpaper.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thenextstepistofoldup(折疊)thepaper.”可知，第二個步驟是把紙折疊起來。故選C。C

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)4．Fromthelastparagraph，wecantellthatmakingapaperfanis________.A．quick B．difficultC．boring D．strange【剖析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ifyoulookatyourwatch，youwillbesurprised：ittakeslessthan15minutestomakeagoodpaperfan(如果你看看你的手表，你會感到驚訝：制作一個好的紙扇只需要不到15分鐘).”可推知，制作紙扇是非?？斓摹９蔬xA。A

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)5．Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A．Tosellpaperfans. B．Toshowhowtosavetime.C．Toshareafunstory. D．Toteachhowtomakepaperfans.【剖析】寫作意圖題。本文介紹了紙扇可以保持涼爽，以及制作紙扇的步驟，即教我們?nèi)绾沃谱骷埳?。故選D。D

BSomeanimalscaneasilyfindtheirwayhomeafteralongjourney.Howdotheymakeit?Scientificresearchshowsthattheyarebornwithcertainunusualabilitiesfordirection.Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.Theycangoasfaras110metersandbringfoodhome.Theseantsliveintheopendesert(沙漠)，sotheyhavenothingtoguidethemalongtheway.It’slikesomeonewalkingsixkilometersthroughadarkforest.Somefishhaveanunbelievablesenseofsmell.Theycansmellevenasingledropoftheirhomewaterinalargeseaarea.Someseabirdshaveasimilarability.Theyareabletomakeasmellmapoftheirflyingarea.Someanimalscansensetheearth’smagneticfield(磁場),whilehumanscan’t.Thismagneticfieldguidesacertainkindoffishwhentheyswimalongwaytoaplaceandthenback.Howcanthiskindoffishdothat?Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities.Forexample，manybirdsdependonstarsfordirection，buttheygetlosteasilyatnightwhencitylightsarekeptonallnight.Tosolvethisproblem，wecansimplyturnoffsomelightsatnight.Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，文章介紹了動物天生就具有某些不尋常的方向感。(

)6．Whereisthispassagemostprobablyfrom?A．Astorybook. B．Anartmagazine.C．Aguidebook. D．Asciencemagazine.【剖析】題材來源題。本文是圍繞“動物的方向感”展開的，因此可以在科學雜志上看到。故選D。D

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)7．Howcanacertainkindofantsfindtheirway?A．Byimaginingtheway. B．Bycountingtheirsteps.C．Bybringingfoodtogether. D．Bywalkingthroughaforest.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Acertainkindofants，forexample，cancounttheirstepstoavoidgettinglost.”可知，一些螞蟻可以通過數(shù)步數(shù)來避免迷路。故選B。B

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)8．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“mystery”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Secret. B．Choice.C．Reason. D．Feeling.【剖析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itisstillamystery.Scientistshavenogoodanswersyet.”可知，科學家還沒有答案，因此可推知畫線部分“mystery”與A項“秘密”意思相近。故選A。A

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)9．Whatarepeopleadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．Tohelpanimals. B．Totravelatnight.C．Tokeepcitylightson. D．Todevelopunusualabilities.A

【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“However，animalswithsuchunusualabilitiesstillhavedifficultydealingwithenvironmentalchangescausedbyhumanactivities…Clearly，onesmallactofhumansmaymeanalottoanimals.”可知，本段說明人類的一個小舉動可能對動物意義重大，因此是建議人們要幫助動物。故選A。(

)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．Birds’SenseofLight B．Fish’sSenseofSmellC．Animals’SenseofDirection D．Animals’SenseofMagneticField【剖析】標題猜測題。本文介紹了動物天生就具有某些不尋常的方向感，因此，“動物的方向感”為最佳標題。故選C。C

C配對閱讀。左欄是五位學生的困惑，右欄是七則建議，請將困惑和建議進行匹配。A．Youcanmakeashoppinglistfirst.Andyoumaygotodifferentsupermarketstocomparepricesbeforeyoumakeadecision.B．Youshouldunderstandyourmom.Amodelcarisnotamust.Parentsknowmoreaboutthevalueofmoneyastheyworkhardtosupportthefamily.C．Writedownyourdailyspendingofthepocketmoneyinanotebook.Thismayhelpyouavoidunnecessaryspending.D．Youcanlearnnumbersfirst.Forexample，youcancountcoinsandbanknoteswithyourparents.E．Maybeyoucanhaveayardsaletogetmoneyforyourshoes.Theremustbethingsyoudon’tneedanymorelikeoldtoysormagazines.、F．Iagreewithyourfather.Youcankeeppartofyourluckymoneyinabankinsteadofusingitup.Thiscanhelpyousavemoneyforthefuture.G．Youcaninvitesomeoneworkinginabanktoyourclubtogiveatalk.Inthisway，youcanknowmoreabouthowbankswork.【文章大意】本文左欄是五位學生的困惑，右欄是七則建議。(

)11．Mymomdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.【剖析】根據(jù)“Mymomdidn’tagreetobuyanothermodelracingcarforme.Shesaiditwouldbeawasteofmoney.Iamangrywithher.”可知，因為媽媽不同意買另外一輛賽車模型而感到生氣，B項“你應該理解你媽媽。模型車不是必需的。當父母努力工作養(yǎng)家時，他們更了解錢的價值?！狈稀９蔬xB。B

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)12．Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.ButIdon’twanttoaskmyparentsformoney.【剖析】根據(jù)“Iwantapairofbasketballshoesformytraining.”可知，想買一雙訓練穿的籃球鞋，E項“也許你可以舉行庭院拍賣會，攢夠你買鞋子的錢。一定有你不再需要的東西，比如舊玩具或雜志。”符合。故選E。E

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)13．Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.【剖析】根據(jù)“Igetasmuchpocketmoneyasmysistereachmonth.Butmymoneyrunsoutmuchmorequicklythanhers.”可知，“我”的零錢比妹妹花得快，C項“把你每天的零花錢的花費情況登記在筆記本上。這可以避免不必要的支出?！狈稀９蔬xC。C

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)14．IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.【剖析】根據(jù)“IthinkIcanspendallmyluckymoney.Butmyfatherdoesn’tallowmeto.”可知，“我”想花壓歲錢，但是爸爸不同意。F項“我同意你父親的看法。你可以把一部分壓歲錢存入銀行，而不是用完。這可以幫助你為未來省錢?！狈?。故選F。F

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)15．Mymomwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.【剖析】根據(jù)“Mymomwantsmetodotheweeklyshoppingforourfamily.ButIdon’tknowhowtospendmoneywisely.”可知，“我”不知道如何明智地花錢。A項“你可以先列一個購物清單。在你做決定之前，你可能會去不同的超市比較價格?！狈稀９蔬xA。A

【例2】2022年廣東省初中學業(yè)水平考試請閱讀A、B兩篇短文，從每小題所給的四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。AImaginewakinguptofindacupofcoffeereadyandfloorswept.Withsmartdevices(裝置)controlledbyAI，allhouseworkcanbedonewhileyouareasleep.NowyourkidscantrythesedevicesatthesmarthomeshowinourcommunitysciencecenterfromAugust1sttoAugust14th.Hereinthecenterwehavemanyfunactivities.ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ．Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs.It’slikeabigtoy.Yourchildrenwillloveit.OpeningHours:1∶00p.m.—9∶00p.m.,fromTuesdaytoSunday,closedonMonday.Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.Food&Drinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.Visitorscanbuyfoodanddrinksinthecenter.Tickets:Pleasecall76-9520tobookaticket.KindlynotethatyouCAN’Tbookaticketonourwebsiteorthroughemail.AnditisNOTpossibletobuyaticketatourticketofficeasitisclosed.【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文，向我們介紹社區(qū)科學中心的活動。(

)1．WhatcanthesmartdevicesinParagraph1do?A．Farming. B．Business. C．Housework. D．Schoolwork.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“allhouseworkcanbedonewhileyouareasleep”可知，所有的家務都可以在你睡覺的時候做。故選C。C

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)2．WhatdoesLittleQlooklike?【剖析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“ChildrencanalsotryoutcleaningrobotLittleQ．Itisacuterobotwitharoundhead,twobigeyesandtwolonglegs.”可知，小Q是一個可愛的機器人，圓圓的腦袋，兩只大眼睛和兩條長腿。故選D。D

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)3．Whencanavisitorenterthesciencecenter?A．OnMondaymorning. B．OnSundaymorning.C．OnMondayafternoon. D．OnSundayafternoon.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“OpeningHours:1∶00p.m.—9∶00p.m.,fromTuesdaytoSunday,closedonMonday.”可知，開放時間是星期二至星期日，從下午1點至晚上9點，星期一休息。所以可以在星期日下午去科學中心。故選D。D

(

)4．Whocanbeallowedtovisitthecenter?A．Amanwithacat. B．An8-year-oldboyalone.C．Amanwithhis3-year-oldson. D．Agirlwithfoodfromtheoutside.C

【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Visitors:Peopleofallagesarewelcome.Childrenunder12shouldcomealongwiththeirparents.Nopetsareallowed.”和“Food&Drinks:Nooutsidefoodordrinks.”可知，歡迎各個年齡層的人，12歲以下兒童應與父母一同前往，寵物禁止入內(nèi)。所以一個男人和他3歲的兒子可以入內(nèi)。

故選C。(

)5．Howcanavisitorbookaticket?A．Bymakingaphonecall. B．Bysendinganemail.C．Byvisitingthewebsite. D．Bygoingtotheticketoffice.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Pleasecall76-9520tobookaticket.”可知，可以打電話76-9520訂票。故選A。A

BJerryisaworld-famousmountainclimber.Hehasclimbedmanyhighmountainsintheworld.Startingin2015,heandhisfriendsspenttwoyearsonanadventure(探險)inSouthAmerica,covering7,800miles.HewasevennamedAdventureoftheYearbyafamousgeographymagazinein2018.AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess,hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.Heaskedhimself,“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”Jerrylearnedthatscientistsneedplants,rocksandwatersamples(樣本)fromtheplacesfarawaytodoresearch.Butscientistscan’tgettherethemselvesassuchplacesarehardtoreach—onlythebravestadventurerscanmakeit.Jerrythoughthimselfcoulddosomethingtohelp.Hethencameupwithanidea.Hesetupateamoftopadventurerstocollectsamplesforscientists.Bystudyingthesamples,scientistscouldknowmoreabouttheearthandfindwaystoprotectit.RecentlyJerryandhisadventurerfriendshavediscoveredaspecialplantlifeonMountainQomolangma.Thesamplestheybroughtbackhavehelpedscientistslearnhowplantsliveinextreme(極端的)conditions.ForJerry,thiskindofadventureismostsatisfying.“Suchadventureshadmadeusseelifeinadifferentway.Now,beingthebestclimberisn’timportantforme.Whatmattersisdoingsomethinghelpfulwhileclimbingthemountains.Thereisstillmuchmorewecando，”Jerrysaidtoanewspaper.【文章大意】本文介紹杰里是世界著名的登山運動員，他想把自己的冒險變成對世界有幫助的事情，他和團隊幫助科學家們了解了植物如何在極端條件下生存，在冒險的同時做了更偉大的事。(

)6．WhatisParagraph1mainlyabout?A．Jerry’sfriends. B．Jerry’sachievements.C．Highmountains. D．Ageographymagazine.【剖析】主旨大意題。分析第一段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要介紹杰里的一些成就。

故選B。B

(

)7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fulfilled”inParagraph2mean?A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.A

【剖析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“AlthoughJerryhadachievedgreatsuccess,hedidn’tfeelfulfilled.”以及“Isitenoughtoclimbthehighestmountains?AmIdoingsomethinghelpful?HowcanIturnmyadventuresintosomethingthatcanhelptheworld？”可知，雖然杰里已經(jīng)獲得了巨大的成功，但是他沒有感到滿足，此處fulfilled的意思是“滿足的，覺得滿意的”。故選A。(

)8．WhydidJerrysetateamoftopadventurers?A．Tomakefriends. B．Tohelpscientists.C．Tostudyplants. D．Totrainscientists.【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Hesetupateamoftopadventurerstocollectsamplesforscientists.”可知，他組建了一支頂級探險團隊，為科學家們收集樣本。故選B。B

(

)9．Jerry’sandhisfriends’adventureshadchanged_______.A．theirhobbies B．theirfriendshipC．theirunderstandingoflife D．theirlivingconditions【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Suchadventureshadmadeusseelifeinadifferentway.”可知，這樣的冒險讓我們以不同的方式看待生活。故選C。C

(

)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．DangerousMountainClimbingB．ImportantScientificDiscoveriesC．PlantsFoundonHighMountainsD．AdventuresTurnedintoSomethingGreaterD

【剖析】標題猜測題。本文主要介紹杰里是世界著名的登山運動員，他想把自己的冒險變成對世界有幫助的事情，他和團隊幫助科學家們了解了植物如何在極端條件下生存，在冒險的同時做了更偉大的事，D項“冒險變成了更偉大的事情”符合主題。

故選D。C配對閱讀。左欄是五則短信，右欄是七則回復。請將短信和回復進行匹配。A．Whatapity!Shallwemeetsometimenextweek?Afterall,shoppingwon’tbefunwithoutyou.B．Westillhavesomeinthekitchen.Iboughtabottleofmilkthedaybeforeyesterdayandwehaven’topenedityet.C．Great!I’llcollectthemonmywaytoworktomorrowmorning.Manythanks.D．Sure.Thereisafruitshoponmywayhome.Whatwouldyoulikemetobuy?Whataboutsomebananas?E．Takeyourtime.Iwillbethereinafewminutes.Whatsaladwouldyoulike,fruitsaladorvegetablesalad?F．YoucantakeNo.27bustomyhouse.GetoffatEastStreet.Thereisashopnearthebusstop.Iwillwaitforyouthere.G．Thanks.Itisgettingmuchbetternow.MydoctorsaidIcouldreturntothesportsfieldnextmonth.Anyway,I’llbetherenextweek.【文章大意】本文分別介紹了五則短信和七則回復。(

)11．Tara,couldyoubuysomemilkatthesupermarketwhenyouarebackfromschoolthisafternoon?【剖析】根據(jù)“Tara,couldyoubuysomemilkatthesupermarketwhenyouarebackfromschoolthisafternoon？”(塔拉，你今天下午放學回來后能去超市買些牛奶嗎？)可知，B項“廚房里還有一些。我前天買了一瓶牛奶，我們還沒有打開?！迸c之相符。

故選B。B

(

)12．Alice,I’mafraidIcan’tjoinintheshoppingtriptomorrow.Mycousiniscomingtovisitme.【剖析】根據(jù)“Alice,I’mafraidIcan’tjoinintheshoppingtriptomorrow.Mycousiniscomingtovisitme.”(愛麗絲，我恐怕明天不能參加購物團了，我表弟要來看我。)可知，A項“真遺憾！我們下星期某個時候見面好嗎？畢竟，沒有你，購物就沒有樂趣。”與之相符。

故選A。A

(

)13．Sorry,Tony.ImissedthetrainandI’llbelate.Ifyougettotherestaurantontime,couldyoupleaseorderorangejuiceandsaladforme?【剖析】根據(jù)“Sorry,Tony.ImissedthetrainandI’llbelate.Ifyougettotherestaurantontime,couldyoupleaseorderorangejuiceandsaladforme？”(對不起，托尼。我沒趕上火車，要遲到了。如果你能準時到達餐廳，可以幫我點橙汁和沙拉嗎？)可知，E項“慢慢來。我?guī)追昼姾缶偷健Ｄ阋裁瓷忱?，水果沙拉還是蔬菜沙拉？”與之相符。故選E。E

(

)14．Hi,Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit!【剖析】根據(jù)“Hi,Peter.Hasyourleggotanybetter?Wewillhaveamatchnextweek.Hopeyoucancomeandwatchit！”(嗨，彼得。你的腿好點了嗎？下周我們將有一場比賽。希望你能來觀看！)可知，G項“謝謝。現(xiàn)在好多了。我的醫(yī)生說我下個月就可以重返賽場了。不管怎樣，我下周會去。”與之相符。

故選G。G

(

)15．Tom,thesportsshoponWestStreetphoned.Theyhaverepairedyourbasketballshoes!【剖析】根據(jù)“Tom,thesportsshoponWestStreetphoned.Theyhaverepairedyourbasketballshoes！”(湯姆，西街的體育用品商店來電話了。他們修好了你的籃球鞋！)可知，C項“太棒了！我明天早上上班的路上去取。多謝?！迸c之相符。

故選C。C

【例3】2021年廣東省初中學業(yè)水平考試請閱讀A、B兩篇短文，從每小題所給的四個選項中選出能回答所提問題或完成所給句子的最佳答案。AWelcometoManorFarmU-pickActivitiesWeareknownforourdeliciousstrawberries.Weinviteyoutovisitourfarmandenjoyourfreshproductsandgreatfarmingexperiences.We’lltryourbesttocreateasafeopen-airenvironmentforourcustomersunderthecircumstances(情況)ofCOVID-19thisyear.Pleasereadtheinstructionsbelow.·Topickthestrawberries,youneedtomakeareservation(預約)onourwebsite.Reservationsareopenfrom13∶00to20∶00thedaybeforethepickingday.·Pleasedon’tcometothefarmifyouaresick.·Onthefarm,youneedtostayatleasttwometersawayfromanyoneyoudon’tlivewith.·Forsafety,youmustuseournewbasketsonly.Abasketalonecosts5yuan.Itholdsabout2kgofstrawberriesandabasketofstrawberriesispricedat50yuanintotal.·Ifchildrencome,theyMUSTstayclosetotheirparents.RunningupanddownthestrawberryrowswillNOTbeallowed.Ourworkerswilltellthemwheretostartpickingandthechildrenshouldlisten.Wehopechildrenwillfollowoursafetyrulesinourfields.·Nopetsareallowedonthefarm.·Anyquestions,pleasecallusat9-0625-6523．【文章大意】本文為應用文，主要介紹了農(nóng)場草莓采摘活動的時間、費用和要求等。(

)1．IfyougotothefarmonAugust8th,youcanmakeareservationat________.A．10∶00onAugust6th B．10∶00onAugust7thC．14∶00onAugust6th D．14∶00onAugust7th【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)材料中的第一點要求，如果你8月8日去農(nóng)場，你可以在8月7日14∶00預訂。D

(

)2．Thefarmprovidesnewbaskets________.A．tocutdownthecost B．toprotecttheenvironmentC．tokeepcustomerssafe D．tocarrymorestrawberries【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。農(nóng)場提供新的籃子來保護顧客的安全。C

(

)3．Onthefarm,childrenareaskedto________.A．plantsomestrawberries B．runalongtherowsC．stayclosetotheirparents D．lookaftertheirpets【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。在農(nóng)場，孩子們被要求離父母近一點。C

(

)4．Formoreinformation,youcan________.

A．writeanemail B．makeaphonecall

C．sendavoicemessage D．watchnewsonTV【剖析】推理判斷題。想知道更多信息，你可以打電話。B

(

)5．Theinstructionsaremostprobablyfrom________.A．a(chǎn)farmowner B．a(chǎn)teacherC．a(chǎn)newsreporter D．a(chǎn)customer【剖析】題材來源題。這些說明很可能是一個農(nóng)場老板寫的。A

BAccordingtoresearch，morethan130billionpoundsofuneatenfoodgotowasteinLaura’scountryeachyear.Thatisabout30%oftheyearlyfoodsupply(供應).Itisasadfact,especiallywhenyouconsiderhowmanyfamiliesandhomelesspeopleareinhunger.WhenLaurasawherschooldininghallthrowawayfoodthatwasnoteatenatalleveryday，shecameupwithanidea.Shestartedaprojecttohelpherschooldininghalltogiveawayuneatenfoodtohomelessshelters(庇護所)inhercommunity.Inthepastthreeyears,thesameprojecthasspreadtootherschoolsandsomefastfoodrestaurantsthroughoutthecity.TheprojectiscalledFeed&Find,andhasalreadyfedthousandsofpeopleinhercity.Howdoesitwork?Throughanapp,Feed&Findmatcheslocalhomelessshelterswithschooldininghallsandrestaurantsthathaveuneatenfoodtoprovide.Whendininghallsorrestaurantshaveuneatenfoodleft,theycanusetheapptosharetheinformationaboutthefood.Atruckdriverworkingfortheprojectisthensenttopickitupandtakeittoashelter.Prettycool,right?It’snotsurprisingthatpeopleinothercitieshavegotintouchwithLaura,hopingthatshecouldhelpdevelopsimilarprojectsfortheircommunities.Somepeople,however,haveconcernsaboutthesafetyoftheuneatenfood.Theythinksuchfoodmaynotbecleanenough.Still,thisprojectisacleverwaytohelpsolvetheproblemoffoodwasteandithelpsthoseinneed.【文章大意】本文主要講述勞拉看到她學校的餐廳每天扔掉未吃的食物時，她想出了一個主意。通過使用Feed&Find的軟件來分享有關食物的信息，幫助她的學校餐廳分發(fā)未吃的食物，給她所在社區(qū)收容所的無家可歸者。(

)6．ThenumbersinParagraph1tellus________.A．somepeoplearepoor B．foodwasteisseriousC．thepopulationislarge D．theresearchisinteresting【剖析】推理判斷題。每年有1300億磅的食物被浪費，這些數(shù)字向我們展示了食物浪費現(xiàn)象很嚴重。B

(

)7．Laura’sprojectfirstgotfoodfrom________.A．herschooldininghall B．herfamilyC．a(chǎn)fastfoodrestaurant D．a(chǎn)homelessshelter【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。勞拉的項目是從學校食堂開始。A

(

)8．PeopleinothercitieswouldlikeLaurato________.A．findatruckdriver B．visittheircommunitiesC．giveawayfoodtothem D．helpdevelopprojectslikehers【剖析】細節(jié)理解題。其他城市的人也希望勞拉幫他們開發(fā)這樣的軟件。D

(

)9．Theunderlinedword“concerns”inthispassagemeans“________”.A．ways B．secretsC．worries D．decisions【剖析】詞義猜測題。一些人擔心(concern)食物的安全。C

(

)10．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．ADrivingGuideApp B．AFoodSharingProjectC．ADrivingServiceApp D．AFoodSafetyProject【剖析】標題猜測題。本文介紹的這個項目可以幫助減少食物浪費，做到食物分享。B

C配對閱讀。左欄是五個人的情況介紹，右欄是七個英語習語及其解釋，請為每個人選擇一個合適的習語描述他/她的情況。A．Inmanyballgames,themostimportantpersonistheonewhocarriestheball.Suchapersonistheleaderandhemakessurethatajobgetsdone.B．Birdsfeedonworms.Abirdwillgohungryifitcannotcatchworms.Thebirdthatgetsupearlyissuretogetsomefood,sotheearlybirdcatchestheworm.C．Yourfeetbecomehotwhenyourun.Butwhenyouareforcedtositinoneplace,yourheelsstaycool.Whensomeonekeepsyouwaiting,youcansayheiscoolingyourheels.D．Somepeopleseemtoknowwhat’sgoingonbehindthem,asiftheyhadeyesinthebackoftheirheads.“

Eyesinthebackofyourhead”describestheabilitytonoticeeverythinghappeningaroundyou.E．Youdon’tknowwhatwillhappenifyouwakeupasleepingdoginthestreet，soitwouldbemuchsmartertoletsleepingdogslie.F．Peoplemaygettheirfeetintothewaterslowlywhentheystarttolearnswimming.“

Getyourfeetwet”meanstryingtodosomethingforthefirsttime.G．Fishliveinwater.Apersonwhoisinastrangeoruncomfortableenvironmentmayfeellikeafishoutofwater.【文章大意】本文分別介紹了五個人的基本情況和七個英語習語及其解釋。(

)11．Bella,oneofthetopstudentsinherclass,alwaysgetsupearlyandhopestogetbettergradesbyworkinghard.【剖析】題中的“Bella…getsupearlyandhopestogetbettergradesbyworkinghard”與B項中的“Thebirdthatgetsupearly…”對應，故選B。B

(

)12．Vincenthasjoinedamountainclimbingclub.Theclubmemberswillhaveaclimbingtripnextweekandhewillbetheleaderoftheteam.【剖析】題中的“hewillbetheleaderoftheteam”與A項中的“l(fā)eader”對應，故選A。A

(

)13．AileenisanEnglishteacher.Shealwaysknowswhat’sgoingoninclass,evenwhenherstudentsarepassingnotesbehindherback.【剖析】題中的“Shealwaysknowswhat’sgoingon…behindherback”與D項中的“Somepeopleseemtoknowwhat’sgoingonbehindthem”對應，故選D。D

(

)14．Samisanewcomertoahighschool.Hefeelsalittlenervousintheclassroomwithalotofstrangersaroundhim.【剖析】題中的“Samisanewcomer…”與G項中的“inastrangeoruncomfortableenvironment”對應，故選G。G

(

)15．Victor’sfriendsaretakingahigh-speedtraintovisithim.Buthisfriendsarelate.Heisnowwaitingforthematthestation.【剖析】題中的“Heisnowwaitingforthem…”與C項中的“Whensomeonekeepsyouwaiting”對應，故選C。C

訓練題(一)A(2023山西改編)The3mostwonderfultrainjourneysprovidethenaturalbeautyofourmotherland.Readontoseewhichlineyouwanttostartyourjourneywith.XiningtoLhasaLength:around1,900kmlong

Price:781yuanforasoftsleeperTherailwaylineispopularwithtravellerswhowanttovisitXizang.Itisthelongesthighaltitude(海拔)traintripintheworldandisnamedas“thewaytothesky”.Mostofthelineisover4,000meters.YoucanseeQinghaiLakeoutsidethetrain’swindows.ChengdutoKunmingLength：around1,100kmlong

Price:487.5yuanforasecondclassTherailwaylinehasbeeninservicesinceJuly1970．FromChengduwithanaltitudeof400metersorso，thetraingoesuptoabout2,000metersacrossmountains.ThislineiscalledGeologicalMuseum(地質博物館)becauseofthespecialgeographyalongtherailwayline.LhasatoRikazeLength:around250kmlong

Price:64yuanforasoftseatThisrailwaylineconnectstotheQinghai-TibetRailwayandhasanaltitud