專題12：閱讀理解2020-2021學(xué)年七年級英語下學(xué)期期中專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)

專題12：閱讀理解2020-2021學(xué)年七年級英語下學(xué)期期中專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)第一部分閱讀理解解題技巧一、分門別類識別文體。記敘文閱讀主要抓六大要素，時間地點(diǎn)、人物和事件的起因經(jīng)過和結(jié)果。除此之外，還要注意人物之間的關(guān)系、表現(xiàn)，再從中分析人物的思想品質(zhì)、性格特征等。議論文是闡明對人或事的立場觀點(diǎn)，因此在閱讀時必須正確把握文章的論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，理清論證思路，再進(jìn)行邏輯推理從而得出結(jié)論。應(yīng)用文能站近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、中清書、個人簡歷等，形式多樣，對這類文體的閱讀應(yīng)簡明扼要地抓住所需信息，理解文章內(nèi)容。二、統(tǒng)覽全篇摘錄要點(diǎn)閱讀理解是對整前文章的目的、意園、觀點(diǎn)、立場、志度以及內(nèi)在的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，而不是斷章取義的孔之見，所以統(tǒng)覽全篇和問題是很有必要的，這些問題會給你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要細(xì)節(jié)。在統(tǒng)覽全篇的同時要注意要點(diǎn)的摘錄，因?yàn)橛行╋@性的答案是可以從要點(diǎn)中直接獲取的，而隱性的答案則是要通過對全篇的理解才能得出。抽錄要點(diǎn)亦有利于檢查時節(jié)省時間。三、開動腦筋推測詞義初中英語教學(xué)基本要求規(guī)定，學(xué)生能根據(jù)上下文推測詞義，并能不借助詞典讀懂含有3%生詞的語言材料。換言之，這就是促使學(xué)生的知識內(nèi)化的過程，學(xué)生要通過知識內(nèi)化將內(nèi)隱的心理活動轉(zhuǎn)換為外顯的行為，可以借助以下幾種方法完成內(nèi)化過程:(1)根據(jù)上下文猜測調(diào)義。(2)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜測詞義。前緩un-表反義詞，如happy-unhappy;fairunfair;important-unimportant等。綴-ment表名詞，如developdevelopment;statestatement;argue-argument等。后最-er、-or或-ist表同源名詞，如calculate-calculator;visit-visitor;law-lawyer;art-artist等。四、用知識和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)理解短文如根據(jù)化學(xué)知識，可以理解Walterismadefromoxygenandhydrogen;根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)可以理解Greenplantsletoutoxygenandbreatheincarbondioxide.還有一種方法是根據(jù)邏輯推理理解短文。逆細(xì)推理實(shí)際上就是文章的弦外之音”“言下之意”。五、條分縷析理解長旬物型，相生間選理制的對點(diǎn)之一，長句中酒常包含并列、復(fù)合、倒裝等結(jié)構(gòu)，對于這類句子要分清主次先批出包句子的主、謂、賓、定、狀、補(bǔ)，再找出修飾它的從句短語等經(jīng)過分析，化整為零，化默為簡，此句就不難理解了。第二部分閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練閱讀理解（一）Tomhasahappyfamily.Therearesomerulesinhisfamily.KeephealthyBeinghealthyisimportant.Tom'sfamilyplaysportsforonehoureveryday.TomisintheschoolSwimmingClub.Andhisparentsruneverymorning.EveningtimeisfamilytimeTheycan'twatchTVorplaycomputergamesafterdinner.Thefamilyusuallysitonthesofaandtalk.Tomalwaystalksabouthisschoolandfriends.Sometimestheytakeawalktogether.Alwayssay“l(fā)oveyou”and“thankyou”Tomsays“Iloveyou”inthemorningbeforehegoestoschoolandintheeveningbeforehegoestobed.Hisparentssayittohimtoo.WhenTomhelpshismother,shesays“Thankyou”.Theyshowtheirloveandthanksallthetime.1．WhatdoesTomusuallydoafterdinner?A．Heplayscomputergames. B．HewatchesTVwithhisparents.C．Hetalkswithhisparents. D．Hedoeshishomework.2．Tomsays“Iloveyou”tohisparents______.A．beforehegetsup B．beforehegoestobedC．beforebreakfast D．beforelunch3．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Tom'sfamilyisfullofloveandhappiness.B．Tom'sfatherdoesn'tdoexerciseeveryday.C．Tomcan'twatchTVathomeintheafternoon.D．Tomhasnohomeworktodoeveryday.4．Thepassagemainlytalksabout______.A．beinghealthyandhappy B．theimportanceofdoingsportsC．showingloveandthanks D．rulesinTom'sfamily【答案】1-4．CBAD【分析】本文主要介紹了Tom家里的一些家規(guī)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theycan'twatchTVorplaycomputergamesafterdinner.Thefamilyusuallysitonthesofaandtalk.”可知，Tom晚飯后通常坐在沙發(fā)上會和爸爸媽媽聊天，故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tomsays“Iloveyou”inthemorningbeforehegoestoschoolandintheeveningbeforehegoestobed.”可知，Tom在早上去學(xué)校之前和晚上上床之前會對父母說“我愛你”，故選B。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Tomhasahappyfamily.”以及“Theyshowtheirloveandthanksallthetime.”及各種家規(guī)可以看出，Tom的家里充滿了愛和幸福。故選A。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文意和“Therearesomerulesinhisfamily.”可知，這篇短文介紹的是Tom的家規(guī)。故選D。閱讀理解（二）Computersarepopularwithpeopleallovertheworld.Lisa:Iamanartteacher.Ioftenusethecomputertodomywork.It'sveryhelpful.SometimesIwatchmoviesonit.David:Ihaveacomputerathome.ButIdon'tuseittoooften.It'sbadformyeyes.Ionlycheckmyemailsonit.Mybrotheroftenplaysgamesonit.Jenny:Ilovemycomputer.IlikeshoppingontheInternet.AndeveryFridaynightIusemycomputertotalkwithmyfriends.Tom:Ionlyusethecomputerinthecomputerroominourschool.Igothereeverydayafterschool.Iusuallysearchforinformationanddomyhomework.5．Jennytalkswithherfriendsonthecomputer________.A．onSundays B．onThursdays C．onSaturdays D．onFridays6．Tomusesthecomputer________.A．a(chǎn)thome B．a(chǎn)thisfriend'shome C．a(chǎn)tschool D．a(chǎn)ttheschoollibrary7．Whooftenplayscomputergames?A．Lisa'steacher. B．David'sbrother. C．Tom'ssister. D．Jenny'sfriend.【答案】5-7．DCB【分析】本文講述了電腦對于Lisa、Daniel、Jenny和Tom四個人的不同用途。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Jenny:...AndeveryFridaynightIusemycomputertotalkwithmyfriends.”可知Jenny每周五用電腦和朋友們聊天。故選D。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Tom:Ionlyusethecomputerinthecomputerroominourschool.”可知Tom只在學(xué)校使用電腦。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“David:...Mybrotheroftenplaysgamesonit.”可知David的弟弟經(jīng)常玩電腦游戲。故選B。閱讀理解（三）Whenthebellrings,everystudenttakesoutaniPad.Thelightfromthescreensmakestheiryoungfacesprettyandlively.That'swhathappenseverydayatmyschoolintheUS.WeuseiPadsinclass.IfeltexcitedwhenIgotaniPadthefirstdayIarrivedattheschool.Butitwasnotfree.Ispentabout$100renting(租)itforthreeyears.EveryiPadatmyschoolhasaspeciallearningsystemcalledFocus.TeachersputtheirteachingmaterialsliketextbooksandPPTsonit.Whenwehaveclasses,weenterFocusanddownload(下載)thematerialswithouriPads.Itmakestheclassesinterestingandefficient(高效的).Forexample,afewweeksago,welearnedaboutLondonintheUK.Ourteacherpreparedavideo,wesawmanyplacesofinterestinLondoninit.Wecouldnotonlywatchthevideo,butalsoseethewordsatthesametime.Becauseofthevideo,Iknowmoreaboutthecity.WealsodoourhomeworkwithiPads.Wecanknowhowwellwedoourhomeworkrightafterwehandinourhomework.However,therearestillsomebadpointsaboutlearningwithiPads.Someofmyclassmatesplaygamesinclass.IbelievetheimportantthingtouseiPadswellistohavegoodself-control(自制),isn'tit?8．Inthewriter'sclass,everystudent________.A．getsafreeiPadfromtheteacheratschool B．rentsaniPadtouseatschoolforthreeyearsC．sharesaniPadwiththeirclassmatesinclass D．playsinterestinggamesoniPadsineachclass9．Theunderlinedword"Focus"is________.A．a(chǎn)speciallearningsystem B．somePPT'sandvideosC．teachers'teachingmaterials D．thenameoftheiPad10．AccordingtotheexampleinParagraph4,welearnthat________.A．studentsdon'tliketouseiPadsinclass B．iPadsarenotusefulwhentheyhaveclassesC．studentsuseiPadstowatchvideoseveryclass D．iPadsmaketheclassesinterestingandefficient11．WhatdoesthewriterthinkofusingiPadsinschool?A．StudentsshoulduseiPadstoplaycomputergames. B．TouseiPadsinschoolisverybadforstudents'eyes.C．Studentsshouldhavegoodself-controltouseiPads. D．AllstudentshoulduseiPadstoplaygamesinclass.【答案】8-11．BADC【分析】文章主要講述了在美國，老師和學(xué)生們在課堂上使用iPad的情況。在課堂上使用iPad使學(xué)習(xí)非常有趣而且高效，但是也要求學(xué)生們有好的自控力。8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IfeltexcitedwhenIgotaniPadthefirstdayIarrivedattheschool.Butitwasnotfree.Ispentabout$100renting(租)itforthreeyears.”可知，在作者的班里，每個學(xué)生都租了一臺iPad在學(xué)校使用三年，故選B。9．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“EveryiPadatmyschoolhasaspeciallearningsystemcalledFocus.”可知，“Focus”是一個特殊的學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itmakestheclassesinterestingandefficient(高效的)”以及第四段舉的例子可知，iPad的使用使得課堂變得有趣而高效，故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“IbelievetheimportantthingtouseiPadswellistohavegoodself-control(自制),isn'tit?”可知，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生在學(xué)校使用ipad時應(yīng)該有良好的自控能力。故選C。閱讀理解（四）LiMingisaChineseboy.ButnowheisintheU.K.HeliveswithMr.andMrs.WhiteinLondon.Theyareveryfriendlytohim.Buttheylikedifferentfood.Forbreakfast,Mr.andMrs.Whitewouldlikemilk,eggsandsomevegetables.LiMingwouldlikemilkandeggs.Buthewouldn'tlikevegetablesatthebreakfasttime.Lunchisatoneo'clock.Mr.andMrs.Whiteusuallyhavebighamburgers.LiMingdoesn'tlikethem.Hewouldlikesomevegetablesandrice.Afterthat,theylikesomefruits.Fordinner,Mr.andMrs.Whitehavesoup,beefandvegetables.LiMingwouldn'tlikebeef.Hewouldlikenoodlesandcakes.Sometimeshe'dlikesomestrawberryice-cream.Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinksaglassofhotmilk.It'sgoodforsleep.12．LiMingisfrom_________.A．China B．America. C．England D．India13．LiMingwouldlike________forbreakfast.A．milk,eggsandsomevegetables B．milkandsomevegetablesC．eggsandsomevegetables D．milkandeggs14．Theyhavelunchat__________.A．12:00 B．12:30 C．13:00 D．13:3015．Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinks_________.A．a(chǎn)cupofwater B．a(chǎn)glassofjuiceC．a(chǎn)cupoftea D．a(chǎn)glassofmilk.【答案】12-15．ADCD【分析】本文講述了中國男孩李明和懷特夫婦飲食習(xí)慣。12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第1句“LiMingisaChineseboy.”可知李明來自中國。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第7句“LiMingwouldlikemilkandeggs.”可知早飯李明想要喝牛奶和吃雞蛋。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第9句“Lunchisatoneo'clock.”可知他們13點(diǎn)吃午飯。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第2句“Beforegoingtobed,LiMingoftendrinksaglassofhotmilk.”可知睡覺前，李明經(jīng)常喝一杯熱牛奶。故選D。閱讀理解（五）XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours,black,whiteandgrey.Hecan’tseered,green,yellow,blue,brown,purple,pink,orangeorothercolours.SoyoucanseeXavieriscolour-blind.NowXavieristenyearsold.HehasapairofEnChromaGlassesfromhisauntCelena.Theglasseshelp(幫助)himseeallthecolours.WhenXavierputson(戴上)theglassesforthefirsttime,heisshocked(震驚)atseeingmanycolours.“Canyouseemyshirt?Purple?”hisdadasks.Xaviercries(哭)happilyandsaysyes.“Thankyou!”hesaystohisaunt.Hismum,Melissa,says,“Xavierishappytoseemanycolourswiththeglassesforthefirsttime.Hesayshedoesn’twanttotakeofftheglasses.”16．Xavier’sfamilynameis_________.A．Brown B．Smith C．Green D．McCoury17．Howmanycoloursarementioned(被提及)inthispassage?A．6. B．8. C．11. D．12.18．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“colour-blind”meaninChinese?A．色盲的 B．左撇子的 C．失明的 D．聾的19．WecanknowXavier’sfatherhasa__________shirtfromthepassage.A．red B．white C．brown D．purple20．MelissaisXavier’s__________.A．a(chǎn)unt B．mother C．sister D．friend【答案】16-20．DCADB【分析】本文主要講述了一個有色盲的小男孩從他阿姨那收到了一副眼鏡，在帶上眼鏡之后，他看到了很多顏色，他喜極而泣并感謝了他的阿姨。16．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours…”以及常識可知他們的姓是McCoury。故選D。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“…black,whiteandgrey.Hecan’tseered,green,yellow,blue,brown,purple,pink,orangeorothercolours.”可知一共提及了11種顏色。故選C。18．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“XavierMcCourycanonlyseethreecolours…Hecan’tseered…”可知他有的顏色能看見，有的顏色看不見，可推斷他是色盲。故選A。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Canyouseemyshirt?Purple?”可知他爸爸的襯衫是紫色的。故選D。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hismum,Melissa…”可知Melissa是Xavier的媽媽。故選B。閱讀理解（六）Whatwouldtheworldbelikeifcarscoulddrivethemselves?Imagineseeinganemptycarpassingbyonitswaytopickupitsowner,oracarfullofpassengerswhoarereading,listeningtomusicorevensleeping,butnoneofthemareworriedabouttheroadahead.Well,allofthiscouldbethefutureofdriving.Thereareseveralcompanies,includingGoogle,workingondriverless(無人駕駛的)cars,whicharecurrently(目前)inthetestingstages.Ifthetestsaresuccessful,theseelectric,self-drivencarscouldbeavailableverysoon.But,howisitpossibleforacartodriveitself?Carsalreadyhavemanyfeaturesallowingthemtotakeoverfordriversincertainsituations.Somefeaturesincludecarsbeingabletoparkthemselves,orslowdownwhentheydetectobjects(物體)closeby.Theycanalsocontrolthespeediftherearedangerousconditions,suchassnoworslippery(滑的)roads.Otherfeatureshavealsochangedthewaydriversreacttosomesituations.Scientistsandengineersbelieve,withthehelpofwirelesssignals,camerasandGPD,wearenowatastagewherecreatingasafeself-drivingcarmightbepossible.Theself-drivencarmaybetheanswertoloweringthenumberofdeadly(致命的)accidentscausedbycarelessdriversordangerousconditions.However,therearestillsomepeoplewhodonotliketheidea.AmericanlawyerWhitDrake,forexample,doesn’tbelievethesecarsaresafe.Hethinksthepossibilityofthetechnologymakingamistakewillbetoohigh.21．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“takeoverfor”inParagraph3mean?A．directthewayfor B．taketheplaceofC．workbetterthan D．makeuseof22．CarsalreadyhavethefollowingfeaturesEXCEPT________.A．parkingitselfB．controllingitsspeedindangeroussituationsC．slowingitselfdownnearanobjectD．a(chǎn)voidingcaraccidentsonehundredpercent23．Scientistsandengineersthinkthat________.A．it’spossibletomakesafeself-drivencarsB．it’salongwayforself-drivencarsC．therewillbenodriversinthefutureD．self-drivencarsmaycausemoreaccidents24．Accordingtothearticle,________.A．a(chǎn)llthepeoplelikethisnewideaB．noonelikesthisnewideaC．somepeopledon’tlikethisnewideaD．onlyanAmericanlawyerlikesthisnewidea25．Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A．Advantagesofself-drivencars.B．Differentopinionsonself-drivencars.C．Possibilitiesofself-drivencars.D．Google’snewtechnology—self-drivencars.【答案】21-25．BDACC【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了無人駕駛汽車及