2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)與測(cè)試專(zhuān)題四語(yǔ)法填空第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換

第二講詞形轉(zhuǎn)換詞形轉(zhuǎn)換是高考語(yǔ)法填空的一個(gè)重要考查點(diǎn)。在解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)，一要根據(jù)空處在句中所作的成分確定詞性：名詞在句中常作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)等，前面可能會(huì)有冠詞、形容詞或者形容詞性物主代詞修飾；動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)；形容詞作表語(yǔ)或作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞；副詞作狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。二要根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞及語(yǔ)境確定比較等級(jí)。三要根據(jù)名詞前的數(shù)詞、量詞、冠詞等修飾語(yǔ)以及主謂一致原則來(lái)確定名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。如何判定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換[典例呈現(xiàn)](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective57._________(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.Thedesignfeaturestensteel“sepals(萼片)”madeofglassandaluminium(鋁).[解析]第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。提示詞為名詞，空處與protective并列，修飾空后的名詞structure，因此應(yīng)考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞形式。[答案]functional[技法點(diǎn)撥]第一步：確定是否考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為形容詞、副詞、名詞或代詞時(shí)，要考慮詞形轉(zhuǎn)換；提示詞為動(dòng)詞，如果該動(dòng)詞在句中既不作謂語(yǔ)，也不作非謂語(yǔ)，則要考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。第二步：確定轉(zhuǎn)換形式根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進(jìn)一步分析，最終確定正確的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換形式，確保名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式正確，副詞、形容詞比較等級(jí)形式轉(zhuǎn)換正確。考法1動(dòng)詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換提示詞為動(dòng)詞，如果該動(dòng)詞在句中既不作謂語(yǔ)，也不作非謂語(yǔ)，則要考慮動(dòng)詞詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換成名詞還是形容詞，則要根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)以及空處所作成分進(jìn)一步分析。[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Incoldweather,thestructurestays_________(close)toprotecttheplants.closed考查形容詞。空前的stays作系動(dòng)詞，空處作表語(yǔ)，表示“關(guān)閉的”，應(yīng)用形容詞closed。2．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe_________(complete)oftheirpletion考查名詞。根據(jù)前面的the和后面的of可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞completion。3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Manysupermarketsarenolongerdoing“buyonegetonefree”promotionsbecauseofthe_________(criticize)thattheyleadtowaste.Consumersprefermoneyoffindividualitems.criticism考查名詞。提示詞為動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the及空后的定語(yǔ)從句“thattheyleadtowaste”可知，空處應(yīng)作becauseof的賓語(yǔ)，空處應(yīng)用名詞形式。4．(2024·淄博一模)However,thestablewatersourceensuresa_________(sustain)watersupplytothespring.sustainable考查形容詞。設(shè)空處在a與名詞watersupply之間，應(yīng)用形容詞，作前置定語(yǔ)。5．(2024·青島二模)Withaknife,thread,andtoothpicks,hethenrefinesitandeventuallycreatesalifelikeandvisually_________(strike)doughsculpture.striking考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾名詞doughsculpture，應(yīng)用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。6．(2024·鎮(zhèn)江考前保溫卷)DifferentfromotherpartsofChina,thethemesexpressedinMiaoembroidery(刺繡)areshowy,_________(imagine),andoftenbasedonfolklores(民俗).imaginative考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作句子的表語(yǔ)，形容苗繡的主題，應(yīng)用形容詞，imagine的形容詞形式為imaginative，意為“富有想象力的”，符合句意。7．(2024·湛江一模)Theyeitherserveasa_________(remind)ofpeople'soldchildhoodflavors,orrelatetofestivaltraditionsandnostalgic(懷舊的)memories.reminder考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的a和句意可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞，所給詞remind的名詞形式為reminder，意為“提醒物，引起回憶的事物”，符合句意。8．(2024·廣東2月大聯(lián)考)Justunderthat“cut”liesQinglongqiaorailwaystation,whichhaswitnessedthe_________(develop)ofrailinChina.development考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞the可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞。[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．如何判斷填形容詞(1)作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或復(fù)合不定代詞；(2)作表語(yǔ)，表主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)；(3)作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)；(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)；(5)作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或心理感受。常見(jiàn)后綴例詞-ableacceptable、adaptable、adjustable、affordable等-ed/-ingconfused、worried、exciting、encouraging等-iveimpressive、instructive、appreciative、progressive等-ful/-lessdoubtful、forgetful、thankful、hopeless、stainless等2．如何判斷填名詞(1)作表語(yǔ)，表明主語(yǔ)是“什么”，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征；(2)作主語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))或介詞(短語(yǔ))的賓語(yǔ)；(3)作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明被修飾詞的材料、功能、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、內(nèi)容、類(lèi)別。常見(jiàn)后綴例詞-mentdevelopment、achievement、argument、movement、amazement等-ion/-tion/-ationrelation、addiction、intention、determination、transportation、communication等-ingmeeting、greeting、drawing、painting、parking、writing等-er/-or/-arwaiter、travel(l)er、farmer、worker、teacher、reporter、sailor、survivor、liar、beggar等-ance/-enceassistance、importance、performance、existence、acceptance等-alsurvival、arrival、approval、refusal、proposal等考法2名詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換名詞的變化主要包括名詞變復(fù)數(shù)、名詞的詞形變化和名詞所有格。[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Althoughparksofallsizesandtypesexistatanylevel,thenationalparks,inparticular,tendtocatchourattentionbecauseoftheirlargesizeandvariety.Theyare_________(treasure)ofAmericanheritage(遺產(chǎn)).treasures考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的are和空后的of可知，空處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示它們是美國(guó)遺產(chǎn)中的珍寶。2．(2023·全國(guó)甲卷)_________(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson'sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Different考查形容詞。bedifferentfrom是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“與……不同”。此處作狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)去掉be動(dòng)詞，且空處位于句首，單詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。3．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon_________(theme)intheirworks,saidPaulEdmondson,headofresearchfortheShakespeareBirthplaceTrust.themes考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)空前的thereare可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)themes。4．(2023·浙江卷1月)Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,linedby_________(space)homesandwalledgardens.spacious考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椕~homes，需要用形容詞作定語(yǔ)。5．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern_________(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.favourites考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作動(dòng)詞included的賓語(yǔ)，前面的modernWestern為定語(yǔ)，所以此處應(yīng)填名詞；根據(jù)空后的“suchasrosemary，lavenderandfennel”可知，空處表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，應(yīng)用favourites。6．(2022·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)“Hesavedmy_________(son)life，”saidMrs.Brown.son's考查名詞所有格。根據(jù)句意可知，life與提示詞son之間是所屬關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用名詞所有格。7．(2024·遼寧協(xié)作校第一次模擬)Perhapsknittingourbrows,settingourjaws,andnarrowingoureyesintoaserious,focusedordetermined_________(face)expressioncanhelpusperformbetterandeasethestress.facial考查形容詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞expression，表示“面部表情”，應(yīng)用形容詞形式。8．(2024·青島二模)Hisworkscenteron_________(hero)ofancientChinesemythsandclassics.heroes考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。根據(jù)后置定語(yǔ)ofancientChinesemythsandclassics可知，空處的英雄人物不止一個(gè)，應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。9．(2024·福州高級(jí)中學(xué)適應(yīng)性訓(xùn)練)WubelievestheGrandCanalisoftencomparedwiththeWestLake,oneofthemostfamousscenic_________(attraction)inHangzhou.attractions考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。attraction在此處意為“游覽勝地”，為可數(shù)名詞，又因空前有oneofthemostfamous修飾，所以用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。10．(2024·婁底模擬)Hua'er,whichliterallymeansflowerinChinese,isknownasatypeof“mountainsongs”andhasbeenwildlypopularin_________(China)Qinghai,Gansu,NingxiaandXinjiangforhundredsofyears.China's考查名詞所有格。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)句意可知，空處需用名詞China的所有格形式作定語(yǔ)，修飾后面的名詞Qinghai,Gansu,NingxiaandXinjiang，表示所屬關(guān)系。[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)(1)若提示詞為名詞，則有以下情況時(shí)要考慮名詞的復(fù)數(shù)：①有數(shù)詞或these、those、several、few、many、all、both、various、different等詞修飾時(shí)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；②名詞前有oneof、among時(shí)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式；③若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，則空處應(yīng)用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(Negro、hero)、兩菜(tomato、potato)加es外，其余一般加s；(3)單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese、Japanese、people、sheep、deer、fish等；(4)永遠(yuǎn)不可數(shù)的名詞：fun、furniture、information、progress、advice、weather、equipment、homework、luggage/baggage等；(5)特殊變化：man→men、woman→women、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、child→children、mouse→mice等。2．名詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞提示詞為名詞，如果作定語(yǔ)修飾后面的名詞，則一般考查名詞變形容詞。常見(jiàn)后綴例詞-ablehonorable、fashionable等-alnatural、musical、national、personal等-fulcolourful、meaningful、useful、careful等-enwooden、woolen、golden、earthen等-ywealthy、healthy、rainy、sunny等3.名詞的所有格提示詞與其后的名詞是所屬關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮名詞的所有格。(1)單數(shù)名詞和不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常在詞尾加's；(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，通常在詞尾加'?？挤?形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Twoyearslater，18yearsbeforeWyomingbecameastate,YellowstonebecamethefirstnationalparkintheUnitedStatesandtheworld.Yellowstonewasthe_________(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,whichbecameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.largest考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)空前的the及句意可知，空處應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)，表示“最大的”。2．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)ThoseculturalelementshaveincreasedStratford'sinternational_________(visible),saidEdmondson,addingthatvisitorswalkingthroughtheBirthplaceGardenwereoftenamazedtofindtheconnectionbetweenthetwogreatwriters.visibility考查名詞。international是形容詞，應(yīng)修飾名詞。visible的名詞形式為visibility，表示“知名度”。3．(2023·浙江卷1月)Theterm“hutong”，_________(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.originally考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞meaning，應(yīng)用副詞形式。4．(2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)TheGlasshousestandsasagreatachievementincontemporarydesign,tohousetheplantsofthesouthwesternpartofChinaattheendofapathretracing(追溯)thestepsalongtheSilkRoutethat/whichbroughttheplantsfromtheirnativehabitatinAsiatocometodefinemuchofthe_________(rich)ofgardeninginEngland.richness考查名詞。空處跟在定冠詞the之后，且空后的ofgardening對(duì)空處進(jìn)行限定，因此應(yīng)用名詞richness。5．(2024·江蘇決勝新高考5月聯(lián)考)Accordingtoasurvey,children'saddictiontoonlinegamesiscloselyrelatedtoparent-childrelations:thebettertherelationshipis,the_________(likely)akidistobeaddictedtoonlinegames.lesslikely考查比較級(jí)?！皌he＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”為固定句式，意為“越……，就越……”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞比較級(jí)lesslikely表示“較不可能的”。6．(2024·棗莊二模)IhavevisitedmanycitiesinChina,andBeijingistheoneIlove_________(much).most考查最高級(jí)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示最喜歡北京，應(yīng)用副詞最高級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞love。7．(2024·蘇州考前練習(xí)卷)Statisticsshowthattheserieshasgainedaratingof7.9outof10ontheforeignreviewcompanyIMDbandhasaccumulated5millionviewsononeofthe_________(popular)videoplatformsintheworld.mostpopular考查最高級(jí)?！皁ne＋of＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，空處應(yīng)用popular的最高級(jí)形式mostpopular，意為“最受歡迎的”。8．(2024·潮州二模)Thischangeledtofoodbecomingmore_________(easy)available.easily考查副詞。空處修飾后面的形容詞available，應(yīng)用副詞形式。9．(2024·汕頭二模)Firstly,theChinesepeoplework_________(incredible)hard.incredibly考查副詞?？仗幮揎椄痹~hard，應(yīng)用副詞形式。10．(2024·岳陽(yáng)第二次質(zhì)檢)GettingintothespiritofLunarNewYear,thewomansaidherhopefortheYearoftheRabbitis“health,happiness,prosperityandpeaceforeveryone,and_________(equal)foreverybodyandeveryculture...”equality考查名詞。根據(jù)句意和連詞and可知，空處與名詞health,happiness,prosperityandpeace是并列關(guān)系，應(yīng)用名詞形式，且equality為抽象名詞，不可數(shù)。11．(2024·張家界二模)Itfoundwider_________(popular)duringtheMingandQingdynastieswhenitwasusedtofendoffdiseases,insects,mosquitoesandpreservepeople'shealth.popularity考查名詞。wider為形容詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)。[技法點(diǎn)撥]1．形容詞、副詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞是形容詞且需要改變?cè)~性時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用派生的副詞形式或名詞形式；(2)若空處作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)考慮用形容詞形式；(3)若空處修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，則應(yīng)考慮用副詞形式；(4)若空處在介詞后，則應(yīng)考慮用名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。2．形容詞變副詞規(guī)律(1)一般形容詞變副詞直接在其后加ly，如：quick→quickly、anxious→anxiously；(2)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞一般不去e，直接加ly，如：immediate→immediately、brave→bravely(例外：true→truly)；(3)一些以le結(jié)尾的形容詞去e加y，如：simple→simply、gentle→gently、possible→possibly(例外：whole→wholly)；(4)“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾，變y為i，再加ly，如：happy→happily、easy→easily(例外：shy→shyly)；(5)以ic結(jié)尾的形容詞加ally，如：economic→economically、basic→basically(例外：public→publicly)；(6)以ll結(jié)尾的形容詞在其后加y，如：full→fully、dull→dully。3．形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換為比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)(1)利用標(biāo)志詞確定比較等級(jí)①句中有much、far、still、even、rather、alittle、abit、alot、agreatdeal、than等標(biāo)志詞時(shí)用比較級(jí)；②空后有表示范圍的標(biāo)志詞in、of、among等時(shí)用最高級(jí)。(2)利用固定句型①“the＋比較級(jí)．..，the＋比較級(jí)．..”意為“越……，就越……”；②“否定詞＋比較級(jí)”表示最高級(jí)含義；③句中雖沒(méi)有標(biāo)志詞，但暗含比較，也需要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)?？挤?代詞的詞形轉(zhuǎn)換[試做經(jīng)典]1．(2023·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Nanxiangaside,thebestxiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthemtobeliftedoutofthesteamerbasketwithouttearingorspillinganyof_________(they)contents.their考查代詞。此處用形容詞性物主代詞their作定語(yǔ)，修飾空后的名詞contents，表示“不會(huì)使包子開(kāi)裂，或者溢出包子里的任何東西”。2．(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)Whatshouldbedonewithsuchabeautifulplace?Theywonderedoutloud.Thisarea,with_________(it)uniqueandbreathtakingnaturalbeauty,mustbewellpreservedforallpeopleofthenationtoenjoy—asanationalpark.its考查形容詞性物主代詞。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾后面的beauty，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞its。3．(2024·浙江卷1月)Whoknows,perhapssomeofthemoreforward-looking_________(one)mayyetcomeoutwithawholerangeof“justforyou”packsizeswithspecialoffersaswell.ones考查代詞。代詞one意為“(在某類(lèi)人中的)一個(gè)”，其前有someof限定修飾，應(yīng)用one的復(fù)數(shù)形式。4．(2024·郴州三模)Octopuses(章魚(yú))havetheamazingabilitytohide_________(they)intheirenvironments,usinguniqueorgansintheirskinthatcanshrinkandexpandwithinseconds.themselves考查代詞。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)所指相同時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用反身代詞；此處指“章魚(yú)自己”，應(yīng)用反身代詞themselves。5．(2024·廈門(mén)質(zhì)檢)Hismotherjokinglyasked_________(he)whetherthesugarwassweet,andhesaid,“Yes,itissweetenough.”him考查代詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作asked的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用he的賓格形式him。6．(2024·安徽名校4月質(zhì)檢)ShaliseLeesfield,a16-year-oldAustralian,devotes_________(she)totheprotectionofthegraynurseshark.herself考查代詞?！癲evoteoneselfto...”是固定搭配，意為“獻(xiàn)身于……；致力于……”，此處用反身代詞herself作賓語(yǔ)，與主語(yǔ)ShaliseLeesfield構(gòu)成互指關(guān)系。[技法點(diǎn)撥]提示詞為代詞，當(dāng)句子缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般填代詞；確定填代詞之后，再看一下空處所填代詞是否與上文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。1．若分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)考慮人稱(chēng)代詞的主格形式；2．若分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作賓語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)考慮人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格形式；3．若分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作定語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)考慮形容詞性物主代詞；4．若分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)，且和主語(yǔ)是同一人時(shí)，則應(yīng)考慮反身代詞。Test1(2024·杭州二模)It'scommontoseeabarista(咖啡師)createcoffeeart,butit'sawholedifferentballgamedoingthesamethingwithtea.HanZheming,1._________80-year-oldShanghairesident,hasmanaged2._________(perfect)theskill,creatingteaartincups,ordiancha(點(diǎn)茶)inChinese,whichusedtobearoutineduringtheSongDynasty(960-1279).Overthepastdecades,he3._________(use)teaandspoonstocreatenearly200patterns4._________(base)onancientpaintings.It'salsohisintentiontobringtheoldritualbacktomodernlifeandhavemorepeopleappreciate5._________(it)charm.“Dianchainmodernbrewingenhancesthetasteoftea，”Hansays.“Itissimilar6._________thefoamontopofacupofcoffee,exceptthatitismadeoftearatherthanmilk.”Chineseteaculturestartedtoenjoy7._________(popular)duringtheTangDynasty(618-907)andflourishedthroughouttheSongDynasty,8.________teahadbecomeanecessityforalmosteveryone,fromnoblesandscholarstocommonpeople,justlikeotherimportantitems,suchasrice,oilandsalt,assuggestedbySongpoliticianandthinkerWangAnshi.9．_________(total)differentfromthemethodofbrewingteaduringtheTangperiod,intheSongDynasty,thepopularwayofhavingteawasthroughdiancha.Theactionofpouringhotwateroverfinepowderedteaiscalleddian,hencethenamediancha,which10._________(list)asanintangibleculturalheritageofRunzhoudistrict,Zhenjiangcity,JiangsuProvince,in2019.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了“點(diǎn)茶”的歷史以及韓喆明是如何完善“點(diǎn)茶”技術(shù)和傳播“點(diǎn)茶”文化的。1．a(chǎn)n考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處泛指一名上海居民，故空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞，“80”的發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞an。2．toperfect考查固定搭配。managetodosth.為固定搭配，意為“設(shè)法做成某事”。3．hasused考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Overthepastdecades可知，句子應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；主語(yǔ)為he，助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用has。4．based考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，故空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，“bebasedon...”意為“以……為基礎(chǔ)”，patterns和base之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，空處應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。5．its考查代詞?？蘸骳harm為名詞，應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾。6．to考查固定搭配。“besimilarto...”為固定搭配，意為“與……相似”。7．popularity考查名詞。enjoy為動(dòng)詞，后接名詞作賓語(yǔ)，popular為形容詞，對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞為popularity，為不可數(shù)名詞。8．when考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為theSongDynasty，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when。9．Totally考查副詞。different為形容詞，空處應(yīng)用副詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，注意句首單詞首字母大寫(xiě)。10．waslisted考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in2019可知，句子陳述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事，句子為which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞diancha和list之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；先行詞diancha為單數(shù)，所以填waslisted。Test2(2024·玉溪一模)Prihardinni,fromtheIndonesiancityofSurabaya,isamazedathowtraditionalChinesemedicine(TCM)1._________(continue)todevelopsinceshebeganstudyingit.The20-year-oldarrivedinChinain2019andinitiallystudiedChineseintheeasternChinesecityofWuxi.Sheis2._________(current)afreshmanattheGansuUniversityofChineseMedicine,theonlyuniversityinNorthwestChinapermittedtograntadoctoraldegreeinTCM,3._________isamedicalsystemwiththousandsofyearsofhistoryandwidespreadinternational4._________(popular).WhenPrihardinniwas10yearsold,shesuffered5._________continuoushe