2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí)與測(cè)試專(zhuān)題一閱讀理解第三講主旨大意題-辨主干細(xì)加工

第三講主旨大意題——辨主干細(xì)加工一、題型特點(diǎn)需了解[題型分析]主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題。概括全文大意最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來(lái)考慮。該類(lèi)題主要考查標(biāo)題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式有：1．Thebesttitleofthepassageis_____________．2．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?3．Thepassageismainlyabout_____________．4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?5．Whatisthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?6．Whatisthefirst/second/...paragraphmainlyabout?[選項(xiàng)特征]1．正確選項(xiàng)特征涵蓋性強(qiáng)覆蓋全文或全段主要內(nèi)容。常含有抽象名詞或概括性詞語(yǔ)，一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息精確性強(qiáng)所使用的概括性語(yǔ)言不會(huì)改變意思表達(dá)的程度及色彩。不含過(guò)分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞范圍恰當(dāng)范圍既不太大，也不太小2.干擾選項(xiàng)特征以偏概全概括的范圍過(guò)于狹窄，只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容、某些局部信息或文章主題的某一個(gè)方面斷章取義以文章中的個(gè)別信息或個(gè)別字眼作為選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，或者以次要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)替代全文的主要觀點(diǎn)移花接木命題者有意把屬于A的特征放在B上主題擴(kuò)大歸納、概括的范圍過(guò)大，超過(guò)文章實(shí)際所討論的內(nèi)容似是而非題目中的關(guān)鍵詞好像在文章中提到了，但認(rèn)真分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)它與文章的內(nèi)容毫無(wú)聯(lián)系二、方法技巧要知曉題型一標(biāo)題歸納題該類(lèi)題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給的選項(xiàng)中選出適合文章的標(biāo)題。注意標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)：精準(zhǔn)性、概括性和新穎性。[典例1](2024·全國(guó)甲卷閱讀B)Animalscanexpresstheirneedsusingalotofways.Forinstance,almostallanimalshavedistinctvocals(聲音)thattheyrelyontoeitheraskforhelp,scareawayanydangerousanimalsorlookforshelter.Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.Theyareabletohaveentireconversationswithhumansusingmeowsandyou'reabletointerpretit.Ifapetcatishungry,itwillkeepmeowingtoattractattentionandfindfood.However,whenacatislookingforaffection,theytendtoproducestretchedandsoftmeows.Meowingstartsassoonasababycatisbroughttolifeandusesittogetthemother'sattentionandbefed.Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.Theyusetheirnosestoassesstheirenvironmentandlookoutforanysignsofdanger.Theywillsniffoutspecificareasbeforetheychooseaplacetorelax.However,anotherwaythecatsareabletodistinguishbetweensituationsisbylookingforfamiliarsmells.Yourcatwilllikelysmellyourfaceandstorethesmellinitsmemoryanduseittorecognizeyouinthefuture.That'swhymostpetcatsareabletotellimmediatelyiftheirownerswerearoundanyothercats,whichtheydon'tusuallylike.Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.Manycatswillfindrandomobjectsoutsideandbringthemtotheirowners.Thisisaveryoldhabitthat'sbeenpresentinallkindsofpredators(食肉動(dòng)物).Catsbringgiftsfortheirownerstoshowtheyloveyou.Theseadorablelittlehuntersarejustdoingsomethingthatit'sbeenintheirnaturesincethebeginningoftime.Sojustgoalongwithit!27．Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TipsonFindingaSmartCatB．UnderstandingYourCat'sBehaviorC．HaveFunwithYourCatD．HowtoKeepYourCatHealthy[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞asuitabletitleforthetext。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段的主題句“Butcatsarespecialcreatureswhopossessamazingvocalizationskills.”，可知該段介紹了貓的驚人的發(fā)聲技能；定位到原文第二段的主題句“Catshavemanyheightenedsenses,buttheirsenseofsmellisquiteimpressive.”，可知該段介紹了貓的嗅覺(jué)敏銳，能夠區(qū)分不同的環(huán)境；定位到原文第三段的主題句“Dogsareknownfortheirimpressivefetchinghabit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupanotch.”，可知該段介紹了貓的令人印象深刻的取物習(xí)慣。采用主題句法，這些都屬于對(duì)貓的行為的介紹。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]B技法點(diǎn)撥：題型二文章大意題文章大意題是考查考生深層理解文章以及在速讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開(kāi)的，把每個(gè)段落的主題句綜合起來(lái)就可以概括出全文的中心思想。[典例2](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens.Specifically,it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotelymonitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystemprovidesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there'snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment，”saidaBMFemployee.31．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．BMF'smajorstrengths.B．BMF'sgeneralmanagement.C．BMF'sglobalinfluence.D．BMF'stechnicalstandards.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞thetextmainlytalkabout。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主題句歸納，文章從各個(gè)方面凸顯了巴比倫微農(nóng)場(chǎng)公司的優(yōu)勢(shì)，如縮短食物運(yùn)輸距離、節(jié)約用水、無(wú)農(nóng)藥使用、減少碳排放等。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]A技法點(diǎn)撥：題型三段落大意題段落大意題主要考查考生用準(zhǔn)確的、簡(jiǎn)練的語(yǔ)言把一個(gè)段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達(dá)出來(lái)的能力?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問(wèn)段落的首句和尾句。一是因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準(zhǔn)確性更高。[典例3](2024·新高考全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B片段)LeighTindale'sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber'streatmentseasedherdog'ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.26．Whatdoesthisparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B．Thecomplexityofveterinarians'work.C．Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D．Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.[解析]第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞thisparagraphmainlytalkabout。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文可知，本段沒(méi)有主題句，本段主要介紹了兩個(gè)動(dòng)物經(jīng)過(guò)法伯的治療后，病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，本段主要介紹了法伯的整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法所取得的效果。第三步：比對(duì)選項(xiàng)得出答案。[答案]D技法點(diǎn)撥：A體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度議論文追求幸?！铩铩铩铩?2024·廣東六校9月聯(lián)考)Whatdoyouwantfromlife?Perhapsyouwanttospendmoretimewithyourfamily,orgetamoresecurejob,orimproveyourhealth.Butwhydoyouwantthosethings?Chancesarethatyouranswerwillcomedowntoonething:Happiness.Yetthereissomeevidencethattoomuchpursuitofhappinessisassociatedwithagreaterriskofdepression.Modernconceptionsofhappinessareprimarilypractical,focusingonwhatwemightcallthetechniquesofhappiness.Theconcernisnotwhathappinessis,buthowtogetit.Butmaximizingpleasureisn'ttheonlyoption.Everyhumanlife,eventhemostfortunate,isfilledwithpain.Painfulloss,painfuldisappointments,thephysicalpainofinjuryorsickness,andthementalpainoflong-sufferingboredom,loneliness,orsadness.Painisanunavoidableconsequenceofbeingalive.Allthegoodthingsinlifeinvolvesuffering.Writinganovel,runningamarathon,orgivingbirthallcausesufferinginpursuitofthefinal,joyousresult.Thereareotherfactorsaswell.IntheeyesofAristotle,wegethappinessbyexercisingouruniquehumancapabilitiestothinkandreason.Butthinkingandreasoningareasmuchsocialactivitiesastheyareindividual.Happinessrequiresothers;itisnotanemotionalstatesomuchasitistheexcellenceoftherelationswecultivatewithotherpeople.Buteventhatcannotguaranteehappiness.Aristotlerecognisedthatourhappinessishostage(人質(zhì))tofortune.Eventsbeyondanyindividual'scontrol—war,poverty,andglobalpandemics—willoftenmakehappinessimpossible.Happinessisnotamentalstatethatcanbepermanentlywon,butinsteadit'sapracticewhichwehone(磨煉),imperfectly,incircumstancesonlypartlyofourmaking.Recognisingthiswillnotsecureagoodlife,butitwillavoidtheillusory(虛幻的)hopeofpermanentcontentment.Nolifeworthlivingshouldmeettheonlystandard.Instead,aimwithAristotletoembracethosefaultsandtoflowerinspiteofthem.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章對(duì)追求幸福進(jìn)行了闡述，最終得出的結(jié)論是：人們對(duì)幸福的追求并不是完美的。1．Wherecanyoufindnegativeeffectsoffocusingtoomuchon“happiness”？A．Inparagraph2. B．Inparagraph3.C．Inparagraph4. D．Inparagraph5.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yetthereissomeevidencethattoomuchpursuitofhappinessisassociatedwithagreaterriskofdepression.”可知，在第二段可以找到過(guò)于關(guān)注“幸?！钡呢?fù)面影響。2．Howdoestheauthorprovethatpainisanunavoidableresultofbeingalive？A．Bymakingcomparisons.B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bytellingstories.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Painfulloss,painfuldisappointments,thephysicalpainofinjuryorsickness,andthementalpainoflong-sufferingboredom,loneliness,orsadness...”可知，作者通過(guò)舉例來(lái)證明痛苦是活著不可避免的情緒狀態(tài)。3．WhatisAristotle'sviewonhappiness?A．Happinessisastableemotionalstate.B．Goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtohappiness.C．Takingpartinsocialactivitiesguaranteeshappiness.D．Happinesspromotesindependentthinkingandreasoning.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Happinessrequiresothers...wecultivatewithotherpeople.”可知，在亞里士多德看來(lái)，幸福并不是個(gè)體的情感狀態(tài)，因此我們需要與他人培養(yǎng)良好的關(guān)系。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Happinessiswhathumanspursueforever.B．Happinessliesintheprocessofpursuingit.C．Ourpursuitofhappinessmaybeimperfect.D．Depressionandhappinessareequallyimportant.C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章指出現(xiàn)如今人們過(guò)分追求幸福而產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，過(guò)分追求幸福、將幸福最大化并不會(huì)帶來(lái)真正的快樂(lè)。因此，人們對(duì)幸福的追求并不是完美的。B體裁主題語(yǔ)境難度說(shuō)明文牡蠣回歸大自然★★★★☆(2024·青島二模)Thestudentsstandonapier(碼頭)overtheHarlemRiverinNewYorkCity.Theystaredownintothebrownwater.Theirteacher,Mr.Rodman,pullsalongropeoutoftheriver.Fastenedtotheendoftheropeisametalcageandinsideareoysters(牡蠣).Takingturns,thestudentsmeasurealltheoysters,andthencomparenotes.Thebiggestoysterisover2incheslong,muchbiggerthanahealthysizeforitsage!Theyalsomeasurethelevelofoxygen.Asmoreoystersgrow,thewatershouldbecomeclearerandholdmoreoxygen.Also,otheranimalsshouldmovein.Oystersaresoft-bodiedanimals,andsharetheunderwatercommunitywithplants,fish,andotherlife.Theyarefoodforcrabsandotheranimals.Asnewoystersgrow,theyattachtheirshellstoolderones,formingbigreefswithmanysmallspaceswhereotheranimalslive.Oysterseatalgae(藻類(lèi)).Ifalgaegrowtoofast,theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater—andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe!Butwhathappenedtotheoysters100yearsagoinNewYorkHarbor?Beforethen,lotsofoysterslivedinthesewaters.Theywereshippedtorestaurantsaroundtheworld.Bytheearly1900s,peoplewereeatingthemfasterthantheycouldgrow.Pollutionwaspouringintothewaters.Theharborbecameseriouslypolluted.Sincethe1970s,newlawshavehelpedreducepoisonouswaste.Somefishstartedtoswimthroughagain.Butoysterswerestillmissing—untilrecently.TheBillionOysterProjectbeganin2014tohelpbringoystersbacktoNewYorkHarbor.Theprojecthasrecruited(招募)morethan6，500studentsatmorethan100middleschoolsandhighschoolstohelpgrow,distribute,andstudytheoysters.Finally,thestudentsputtheoystersbackinthecage.Mr.Rodmanlowersthecageintotheriver.Inafewmonths,theywillcheckthecageagain.Whentheoystersarebigenough,theywillbemovedtojoinahealthyreefinthemiddleoftheharbor.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】文章介紹了牡蠣在水中起到的作用以及牡蠣在紐約港消失的原因，現(xiàn)在人們正在努力讓這些大自然的助手回歸。5．WhydostudentscometothepierovertheHarlemRiver?A．Todoresearch.B．Togofishing.C．Tobuyoysters.D．Tocleanuptheriver.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)生們?cè)诖a頭測(cè)量牡蠣尺寸，水中氧氣含量，由此可知學(xué)生們?cè)谶M(jìn)行研究。6．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Whatoystersarelike.B．Howoystersgetfed.C．Whyalgaegrowfast.D．Whatroleoystersplay.D段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oysterseatalgae.Ifalgaegrowtoofast,theycandecreaseoxygenfromthewater—andevenfishneedoxygentobreathe！”可知，本段主要介紹了牡蠣在水中所起到的作用。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutoystersinNewYorkHarbor?A．People'sloveofeatingoystersboostedtheirnumbers.B．Moreoystersthanbeforelivedinwatersinthe1900s.C．Pollutedwaterwaspartlytoblameforthemissingofoysters.D．Newlawsinthe1970swerecrucialtooysters'recovery.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可推知，受到污染的影響，牡蠣在紐約港仍不見(jiàn)蹤影。8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．OystersRaisedinNewYorkHarborB．TheHarlemRiverPollutedHeavilyC．Nature'sHelpfulCrewBroughtBackD．TeacherDevotedtoWildlifeProtectionC標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了牡蠣在水中的作用及其回歸，因此C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練(八)A(2024·杭州一模)AtSt.FrancisHighSchoolinLaCanada,Calif,there'ssomethingtobesaidaboutmathteacherJimConnor.Truthis,Connorcanbeabitofadrudge.Butthe70-year-oldVietnamvetsayshe'snotheretoentertainhisstudents.“Itdrivesmecrazywhenpeoplesayschoolshouldbefun，”hesays.“Imean,it'sniceifitcouldbe,butyoucan'tmakeschoolfun.”Andforyears,thekidsthoughtthat'salltherewastohim—untillastNovember,whenseniorPatMcGoldricklearnedtheydidn'tknowthehalfofhim.PatwasinchargeofastudentblooddriveandhadjustcometoChildren'sHospitalLosAngelesforameeting.Andhesaysitwasweird:wheneverhetoldsomeonehewenttoSt.FrancisHighSchool,theyallsaid，“Oh,youmustknowJimConnor.Isn'thewonderful？”“Itwasdisbelief,really，”P(pán)atsays.“Itwasalmostkindoffindingthisalterego(另一面)thathehas.”Insidetheblooddonorcenter,Patfoundaplaque(牌子)listingallthetopblooddonorsatthehospital,includingtherecordholder,JimConnor.Thenhelearnedsomethingevenmoreunbelievable:thatwheneverConnorisn'ttorturingkidswithcalculus(微積分),he'sonawholeothertangent—cuddlingsickbabies.Threedaysaweekforthepast20years,Jimhasvolunteeredatthehospital,steppingintobecomeinvolvedinanactivitywhenparentscan'thold,feedandcomforttheirchildren.“Theytendtocalmforhim，”NurseErinsays.“Theytendtorelaxwithhim.Theyfallasleepwithhim.”“Ijustlikethemandrelatetothemsomehow，”Connorsays.Connorhasneverbeenmarried;hehasnokidsofhisown.Buthehasfallenhardforthesebabies.“I'vealwaysrespectedhim,butnowit'stoanevendifferentdegree—reallytothepointwhereItrytoemulate(努力趕上)him，”P(pán)atsays.“He'stheepitome(典范)ofamanofservice.”【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了加州拉肯亞達(dá)的圣弗朗西斯高中數(shù)學(xué)老師吉姆·康納的故事。1．Whatdowelearnfromparagraph2?A．Schoolcanneverbefun.B．Connorishighlydemanding.C．Connor'sstudentsdrivehimcrazy.D．Connorthinkseducationisforall.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中康納所說(shuō)的話可知，康納對(duì)學(xué)生要求很高。2．WhatdidPatfindoutaboutMr.Connor?A．Mr.Connordonatedbloodaswellashistime.B．Mr.Connorwasawardedforhislovetowardbabies.C．Mr.Connorusedtobeaverystrictteacher.D．Mr.Connorhadauniqueteachingphilosophy.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，康納先生不僅捐了血，還貢獻(xiàn)了自己的時(shí)間在醫(yī)院做志愿者。3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutMr.Connor?A．Heworkstwoshiftseverydayforaliving.B．Hehashisalteregointheeyesofhisstudentsallthetime.C．Hehastheabilitytoconnectwiththosekidsheholds.D．Hefallshardforthosesickkidssohedecidednottohavehisown.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段和第七段內(nèi)容可知，康納先生有能力和那些被他抱著的孩子們交流。4．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．BondingwithBabiesinNeedofLoveB．ARealLessonIsLifeThroughLearningCalculusC．EverybodyKeepsSomethingUnderHisHatD．ToughTeacherHasaSoftHeartD標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第二段后三句可知，康納對(duì)學(xué)生要求很高，是一名嚴(yán)格的老師；根據(jù)第五、第六段內(nèi)容可知，康納先生不僅捐血，還會(huì)做志愿者照顧孩子，有一顆柔軟的心。由此可知，D項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。B(2024·江門(mén)一模)NewwordsemergeinEnglishallthetime.Infact,inrecentyearsmorenewwordsandphrasesareenteringthelanguagethaneverbefore,partlyduetotheincreasedwillingnessoflexicographers(詞典編纂者)toincludetheminthedictionaries.JohnAlgeowhostudiesthehistoryoflanguagesays，“Asourculturechanges,thelanguagechanges.Americancultureisgoingthroughatimeofrapidchange.”Technologyismovingfast,whichhasabigeffectonlanguage.Thecomputerworldproduceshundredsofnewwords.Newtermsalsocomefrombusiness,medicine,andotherfields.ManynewEnglishwordscomefromotherlanguages.DavidJosthelpscreatetheAmericanHeritageDictionary.“Weconstantlyborrowwordsfromothercultures，”hesays.“Thiswillgoonforeverincultures.”“PeopleinmanypartsoftheworldspeakEnglishnow.Thatisanotherreasonwhysomanynewwordsareenteringthelanguage，”saysAlgeo.TheAmericanDialectSocietyhasacontesteachyear.Thesocietyselectsa“newwordoftheyear”，whichgainshighlevelofpopularityonmediaforsomedays.Lastyearthewinnerwas“informationsuperhighway”，referringtoawholesetofelectronicnetworkofinformationandpeoplegettingaccesstothisnetworkbycomputer.Newwordsoftencomeinseveralforms,suchastheback-formation(likeenthusefromenthusiasm),theclipping(likezoofromzoologicalgarden),andthecompounding,etc.Overtime,oneformtendstowinout.Takethecompoundingforinstance.“Domesticpartners”hasbeengrowingpopularlately,eventhoughmanytermshavebeenusedtodescribecoupleswholivetogetherbutarenotmarried.“Anewwordrarelycanbetracedtoonesource，”saysAlgeo.“Severalpeopletendtocreateanewwordwhenaneedforoneexists.”“Mostnewwordshavealimitedlife‘span’，”saylanguageexperts.Onlyafewwillsurvivethroughthenext100years.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了隨著英語(yǔ)中新詞的不斷出現(xiàn)，英語(yǔ)進(jìn)入了快速發(fā)展和變化的階段。5．WhatmighthaveleasteffectonEnglishlanguage?A．Culture. B．Technology.C．Otherlanguages. D．Languagecontests.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asourculturechanges,thelanguagechanges.”、第三段第一句“Technologyismovingfast,whichhasabigeffectonlanguage.”和第四段第一句“ManynewEnglishwordscomefromotherlanguages.”可知，文化、科技和其他語(yǔ)言都對(duì)英語(yǔ)有很大影響。6．Whatdoesthewriterwanttodemonstratebymentioning“domesticpartners”？A．Itisacompoundingword.B．Newwordsoftencomeinseveralforms.C．Overtime,oneformtendstowinout.D．Anewwordrarelycanbetracedtoonesource.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞前兩句可知，作者提到“家庭伴侶”是為了證明隨著時(shí)間的推移，一種構(gòu)詞形式往往會(huì)勝出。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．Newwordsoccurallofasudden.B．Newwordswillbecomeoldorextinct.C．InformationtechnologyhelpstheAmericanDialectSociety.D．AmericanculturechangesrapidlyaswellasEnglishlanguage.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，新詞會(huì)變老或消失。8．What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A．NewWordsDevelopingNaturallyB．EnglishLanguageChangingRapidlyC．EnglishVocabularyinaStateofDevelopmentD．NewWordsInfluencingEnglishLanguageC標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了不斷發(fā)展變化的英語(yǔ)詞匯。C(2024·大同模擬)Theimpactoftheman-madeclimatecrisisonAntarcticaisscientificallyundeniable:stableiceshelvesareretreating,airtemperatureincreasedby3degreesCelsius.Krill(磷蝦)numbersaredeclining,meltingiceiscontributingtosealevelrise,andsealsaregettingdisplaced.“Antarcticbiodiversitycoulddeclinesubstantiallybytheendofthecenturyifwecontinuewithbusinessasusual，”JasmineRachaelLee,leadauthoroftheUniversityofQueenslandstudysays.PublishedinthejournalPLOSBiology,thestudyfindspopulationdeclinesarelikelyfor65%ofthecontinent'splantsandwildlifebytheyear2100.Themostvulnerable(脆弱的)speciesistheEmperorpenguins.InOctober2022,theU．S.FishandWildlifeServicelistedEmperorpenguinsasathreatenedspeciesundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA),asexpertspredicttheflightlessseabirdwillseea26%to47%dipinitspopulationby2050.“ThislistingreflectsthegrowingextinctioncrisisandhighlightstheimportanceoftheESAandeffortstoconservespeciesbeforepopulationdeclinesbecomeirreversible(不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的)，”saidServiceDirectorMarthaWilliamsatthetime.AsidefromEmperorpenguins,otherAntarcticspecies,liketheAdéliepenguinsanddrysoilnematodes,werealsohighlyvulnerable.WeurgentlyneedacombinationofglobalandlocalconservationactiontobestconserveAntarcticspecies.Globalactionandglobalvoicesaretohelprelieveclimatechange—becausethebiggestthreattoAntarcticaiscomingfromoutsideofit.Andthenweneedlocalactionstohelpprotectbiodiversityagainstlocalthreatsandgivethemthebestchanceofadaptingtoclimatechange.Thiswillhelptosaveouriconic(代表性的)speciesliketheEmperorpenguinsandallofAntarctica'suniqueandhighlyadaptedinhabitants.Itwillalsohelphumankind,aswerelyheavilyonthepricelessservicestheAntarcticprovidesinregulatingourclimateandcapturingsealevelinitsicesheets.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章說(shuō)明了到2100年，南極洲65%的植物和野生動(dòng)物將減少，現(xiàn)有的保護(hù)工作不足以保護(hù)南極的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們迫切需要全球行動(dòng)，來(lái)保護(hù)南極物種。9．Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph1?A．Theimpactofclimatecrisisisusuallydenied.B．Conservationeffortsarebadlyneeded.C．AirtemperatureonAntarcticincreases3℃annually.D．Sealevelriseresultsinseabirdslosingtheirhabitats.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Antarcticbiodiversitycoulddeclinesubstantiallybytheendofthecenturyifwecontinuewithbusinessasusual”可知，保護(hù)工作是迫切需要的。10．WhyistheEmperorpenguinsmentionedinparagraph2?A．ToserveasacalltoprotectwildlifeonAntarctic.B．Toreflectthegrowingpopulationofwildspecies.C．ToprovetheeffectivenessoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct.D．Tohighlightthesevereimpactofrisingtemperature.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句中的“Thislistingreflectsthegrowingextinction...irreversible”可知，帝企鵝列入名單是一個(gè)行動(dòng)號(hào)召，以此讓我們保護(hù)南極洲的野生動(dòng)物。11．Whatisprobablythebestconservationpolicy?A．ReducingthechancesofmakingatriptoAntarctic.B．Makingjointeffortstorelieveclimatechange.C．Attemptingtoprovideessentialnutrientstotheecosystem.D．ContinuingtocarryforwardtheEndangeredSpeciesAct.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Weurgentlyneedacombinationofglobalandlocalconservationaction...helprelieveclimatechange”可知，我們迫切需要全球和地方的聯(lián)合保護(hù)行動(dòng)，這有助于緩解氣候變化。12．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．PlantsandWildlifeonAntarcticaWillDeclineQuicklyB．AntarcticSpeciesAreVulnerabletoHumanThreatsC．MoreActionsShouldBeTakentoProtectWildlifeonAntarcticaD．TheBestConservationStrategyWillBeCarriedOutSoonC標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，文章說(shuō)明了到2100年，南極洲65%的植物和野生動(dòng)物將減少，因此我們要采取更多的行動(dòng)來(lái)保護(hù)南極的野生物種，C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。專(zhuān)題強(qiáng)化練(九)A(2024·廣州越秀區(qū)模擬)TherearedayswhenIfinditnecessarytostepoutsidemyclassroomandchecktobesurethatmynameisstillintheTEACHERspaceovermydoor.SometimesIfeelthatIamastudentinmyclassroomratherthantheteacher.Seatedintheclassroom,mysixthgradestudentseachheldadifferenttoolinthehand.Thestudentsdiscussedhowwordsareliketools—theyhavetheabilitytobuildortodestroy,andtheydiscoveredhowtherighttoolusedattherighttimefortherightjobcanproducegreatresults.Iwatchedandlistenedwithasenseofsatisfaction.Theygotit!Afewdayslater,oneofmystudents,Laura,hadanunexpectedoutburstinclass.Sherefusedtoworkwithhergroup.Iaskedhertoexcuseherselfandtogotoournextdoorteamcenter.Shemarchedfromthebackoftheroomtoourclassroomdoor—shootingmeanangrylook,andthenproceededtoslamthedoorassheleftfortheteammeetingroom.Minuteslater,Istoodoverher.Beingextremelyangryaboutherdisrespectfulbehavior,Iwassharpinmytoneandharshwithmywords.WhenIpausedforherresponse,shestated，“You'reusingyourtoolagainstme.”Iwasspeechless.Therearetimeswhenyouareatacriticalcrossroadswithastudentandtheroadyouchoosewillmakeallthedifference.Iknewatthatmomenttherightthingtodowastokneeldownnexttoherchair,andsoftlysay，“You'reright,Laura.Ihaveusedmywordsunwiselyandunkindly.Willyouforgiveme？”Shelookedmeintheeyeandsimplysaid，“Yes,Iforgiveyou,Mrs.Ekre.I'msorry,too.”Attheendoftheyear,shewrotemeabeautifulletter,attachedtowhichwasasmallkey—atool,shesaid,foralanguageartsteacherwhotaughtherhowimportantwordscanbe.ItservesasmyreminderofalessonItaughtasateacherbutoneIreallylearnedfrommystudent.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者作為老師的一次授課經(jīng)歷，讓自己意識(shí)到老師也可以從學(xué)生那里學(xué)到一些東西的故事，同時(shí)也暗示了言語(yǔ)的力量之大。1．Whydoesthewriterfeelsheisastudent?A．Herstudentsoftenchallengeher.B．HernameisnotintheTEACHERspace.C．Herstudentstransformherideas.D．Sheabusesherpowerasateacher.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ItservesasmyreminderofalessonItaughtasateacherbutoneIreallylearnedfrommystudent.”并結(jié)合作者在教學(xué)中與勞拉發(fā)生的不愉快的經(jīng)歷可知，勞拉的行為讓作者意識(shí)到老師也可以從學(xué)生那里學(xué)習(xí)，所以作者覺(jué)得自己是一名學(xué)生。2．WhatmadethewriterspeechlesswhendealingwithLaura?A．Laura'sangrylook.B．Laura'sabruptexplosion.C．Laura'sslammingthedoor.D．Laura'saccusationagainsther.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“WhenIpausedforherresponse,shestated，‘You'reusingyourtoolagainstme.’”可知，勞拉指控作者用言語(yǔ)對(duì)付她，這讓作者無(wú)言以對(duì)。3．Whichwordscanbestdescribethewriter?A．Caringbutstubborn.B．Tolerantandopen-minded.C．Strictandchangeable.D．Sincereandflexible.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中作者和勞拉的對(duì)話可知，作者向?qū)W生勞拉誠(chéng)摯地道歉并征得她的原諒，由此可以看出作者的寬容與豁達(dá)。4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thepowerofwords.B．Theimportanceofteaching.C．Thevalueofforgiveness.D．Thebeautyofunderstanding.A主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句并結(jié)合全文可知，言語(yǔ)是一種工具，可能會(huì)傷人，但也能安慰人，所以勞拉在給老師的信中說(shuō)到言語(yǔ)很重要，由此可推知，本文主要講述的是言語(yǔ)的力量。B(2024·山東省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)一模)Weallknoweatingultra-processedfoodsthatmakeourliveseasier—suchassauces,andfrozenpizza—isn'tgoodforourhealth.Studieshavefoundtheycanraiseourriskofobesity,heartproblems,diabetesandcancer.Theymayevenshortenourlives.Now,anewstudyhasrevealedeatingmoreultra-processedfoodsmaycontributetooverallcognitivedecline,includingthebrainexecutivefunctioning—theabilitytoprocessinformationandmakedecisions.“Whileinneedoffurtherstudy,thenewresultsarequitecompellingandemphasizethecriticalroleforpropernutritioninpreservingandpromotingbrainhealthandreducingriskforbraindiseases，”saidTanzi,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Hewasnotinvolvedinthestudybuthesaidinhisbook，“They,are,veryhighinsugar,saltandfat,promotingsystemicinflammation(發(fā)炎),perhapsthemostmajorthreattohealthyaging.Meanwhile,sincetheyareconvenientandquick,theyalsoreplacefiberfoodsimportantformaintainingthehealthandbalanceofbacteriainyourgut，”headded，“whichisparticularlyimportantforbrainhealthandreducingriskofage-relatedbraindiseaseslikeAlzheimer.”Thestudy,presentedatthe2022Alzheimer'sAssociationInternationalConference,followedover10，000Braziliansfor10years.“InBrazil,ultra-processedfoodsmakeup25%to30%oftotalcalorieintake.ItisnotverydifferentfrommanyotherWesterncountries，”saidcoauthorDr.Suemoto.Ultra-processedfoodsaredefinedasindustrialformulationsoffoodsubstancescontaininglittleornowholefoodsandtypicallyincludeflavorings,coloringsandotherchemicaladditives,accordingtothestudy.“Peopleconsumingover20%ofdailycaloriesfromprocessedfoodshada28%fasterdeclineinglob