2019屆高考英語大一輪復(fù)習(xí)-Unit-4-Astronomy-the-science-of-the-stars講義-新人教版必修

英語人教版精準(zhǔn)高考必修三第一部分Unit4

Astronomy：thescienceofthestars1主干知識2考點(diǎn)探究3課堂達(dá)標(biāo)4復(fù)習(xí)練案主干知識Ⅰ.單詞分類巧記A．閱讀詞匯——認(rèn)一認(rèn)1．fundamentaladj._________________

2．religionn．_________________

3．dissolvevt.&vi._________________

4．a(chǎn)cidn．_________________ 5．multiplyvi.&vt._________________

6．gravityn．_________________

7．extinctadj._________________

8．exhaustvt._________________________

基本的；基礎(chǔ)的

宗教；宗教信仰

溶解；解散

酸

乘；增加

萬有引力；重力

滅絕的；絕種的

用盡；耗盡；使精疲力盡

B．高頻詞匯——寫一寫1．__________

n．大氣層；氣氛2．__________

adj.太陽的；日光的3．__________

adv.因此；于是4．__________

adj.溫和的；文雅的5．__________

n．氣候6．__________

vi.&vt.碰撞；墜落7．__________

n．&vt.拉(力)；拖；牽引力8．__________

vi.&vt.(使)浮動；(使)漂浮n．漂浮物9．__________

n．系統(tǒng)；體系；制度10．__________

n．學(xué)說；理論atmospheresolarthusgentleclimatecrashpullfloatsystemtheoryC．核心詞匯——鏈一鏈1．__________globe

n．球體；地球儀；地球→__________global

adj.全球性的；全世界的2．__________violent

adj.猛烈的；激烈的；強(qiáng)暴的→__________violence

n．暴力→__________violently

adv.暴力地；猛烈地3．__________unlike

prep.不同；不像→__________like

vt.喜歡prep.像→__________dislike

vt.不喜歡；討厭→__________likely

adj.可能的4．__________harmful

adj.有害的→__________harm

n．&vt.傷害→__________harmless

adj.無害的5．__________exist

vi.存在；生存→__________existence

n．存在；生存6．__________puzzle

vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)為難n．謎；難題→__________puzzled

adj.感到困惑的→__________puzzling

adj.令人困惑的D．寫作詞匯——用一用1．Thisobjectgivesoff__________harmful

gases.Theymaydo__________harm

toourhealth.Youmustmaketheobject__________harmless

beforeyouuseit.(harm)2．Air__________exists

everywhereandits__________existence

makesitpossibleforustoliveon.(exist)3．Inmyopinion,a__________global

tourmeanstravelingallaroundthe__________globe

.(globe)4．Larrywasin__________violent

pain.Asaresult,hebehaved__________violently

andtreatedeverythingwith__________violence

.(violent)5．__________Like

hisbrotherJohn,Jimisalsofondofmusic.But__________unlike

John,Jim__________dislikes

physicsatall.(like)Ⅱ.短語語境速記A．?？级陶Z默寫1．_________________及時；終于

2._________________下蛋3．_________________產(chǎn)生；分娩

4.__________________輪到某人；接著5．_________________阻止；制止

intimelayeggsgivebirthtoinone'sturnprevent...from6.__________________擋住(光線)7．_________________感到高興；感到振奮8．_________________既然9．_________________突發(fā)；爆發(fā)10．_________________密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防blockoutcheerupnowthatbreakoutwatchoutforB．短語語境填空1．Oncehehasmadeuphismind,noonecan________him_________carryingouttheplan.2．Youmustgetthere__________eveniftheweathershouldchange.3．__________theproblemhasbeenidentified,appropriateactioncanbetaken.4．Idohopeshecan__________andacceptthechallengeoflifebravely!prevent

from

intime

Nowthat

cheerup

5．Beforethewar___________，

manypeopleputawaypossessionstheycouldnottakewiththeminsafeplaces.6．Mum,youhadmedothecleaningyesterday,sotodayTom，__________，

shoulddothewashing!7．Theotherdaymypetcat____________anewlittlecat.8．Toensuregoodsleep,sheboughtaheavycurtainto__________thelight.brokeout

inhisturn

gavebirthto

blockout

Ⅲ.詞語高效積累1．與“太空”有關(guān)的高頻單詞集錦①astronomyn．天文學(xué)

②astronomern．天文學(xué)家③astronautn．宇航員

④gravityn．萬有引力⑤satelliten．衛(wèi)星

⑥planetn．行星⑦orbitn．軌道

⑧spaceshipn．宇宙飛船⑨universen．宇宙

⑩launchvt.發(fā)射?explorevt.探索；勘探 ?solaradj.太陽的?shuttlen．航天飛機(jī) ?globen．地球；球體2．表示“性格良好”的形容詞薈萃①gentle溫和的

②easy-going隨和的③outgoing外向的

④frank直率的⑤generous慷慨的

⑥upright正直的3．un-前綴高頻形容詞全接觸①like→unlike不像的②able→unable不能……的③acceptable→unacceptable不能接受的④believable→unbelievable不可相信的⑤certain→uncertain不確定的⑥clear→unclear不清楚的⑦comfortable→uncomfortable不舒服的⑧fair→unfair不公平的4．birth用法小結(jié)givebirthto生，引起，產(chǎn)生

atbirth在出生時bybirth在血統(tǒng)上

frombirth出生以來5．“小心；當(dāng)心”高頻短語becareful小心

watchoutfor小心；當(dāng)心lookout當(dāng)心

takecare小心Ⅳ.佳句填空完形1．_______wasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamental__________thedevelopmentoflife.水會對生命的發(fā)展起關(guān)鍵作用，這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時并不太明顯。2．Whatitwas__________(become)wasuncertain__________between4.5and3.8billionyearsago__________thedustsettledintoasolidglobe.它會變成什么，當(dāng)時還沒有人知道，直到38至45億年前，這團(tuán)塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球體。It

to

tobecome

until

when

3．Whatiseven________________(important)isthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearon_______surface.更為重要的是，地球冷卻了下來，地球的表面就開始出現(xiàn)了水。4．So_________lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyears_________(come)willdependonwhetherthisproblemcan__________(solve)．所以，在未來的數(shù)百萬年中，生命能否在地球上延續(xù)取決于這個問題能否得到解決。moreimportant

its

whether

tocome

besolved

5．Icheeredupimmediatelyand__________(float)weightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabin__________(watch)theearthbecomesmallerandthemoon__________(large)．我立刻高興起來，由于失重，我在太空艙里飄來飄去，我望著(身后的)地球越來越小，而(前方的)月球越來越大。floated

watching

larger

Ⅴ.語法過關(guān)演練主語從句1．__________heconsideredagreatproposalwasturneddownbythebossatthemeeting.解析：考查主語從句。句意：他認(rèn)為很好的一個提議在會議上被老板否定了?？仗幰龑?dǎo)主語從句，在從句中作賓語，不指人，故填what。What

2．__________isknowntoallisthattheDiaoyuIslandshavebelongedtoChinasinceancienttimes.解析：考查名詞性從句。句意：釣魚島自古就屬于中國，這是大家都知道的。what引導(dǎo)的是主語從句，并在主語從句中作主語。3．—WhathasmadeJohnlooklikelackingsleep?—__________hehadtoprepareforthecomingexamandstayeduplastnight.解析：考查名詞性從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，答語是回答上面句子中的主語“What”的，故此句是一個主語從句，缺少引導(dǎo)詞，而引導(dǎo)詞在從句中不充當(dāng)成分，故用“That”。What

That

4．Itremainstobeseen__________thisplanispracticalenoughtokeeptheprojectgoing.解析：考查主語從句。句意：這個計劃是否足夠?qū)嵱?，以使這個項(xiàng)目繼續(xù)下去還有待觀察。it是形式主語，真正的主語是whether引導(dǎo)的從句。whether“是否”，符合句意。5．Itmakeshislifequitedifferent__________hehasreceivedhighereducationabroad.解析：考查主語從句。本句中的it是形式主語，真正的主語是“thathehasreceivedhighereducationabroad”。whether

that

考點(diǎn)探究1．harmfuladj.有害的；傷害的歸納拓展(1)beharmfultosb.對某人有害(2)harmn．&vt.損傷；傷害dosb.harm(＝doharmtosb.)對某人有害domoreharmthangood弊大于利There's(no)harmin(sb.'s)doingsth.(某人)做某事(沒)有害處meannoharm沒有惡意(3)harmlessadj.無害的高頻單詞用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/介詞填空。①Incontemporaryculture,physicalexpressionsofangeraregenerallyconsideredtoosocially__________(harm)tobetolerated.在當(dāng)代的文化中，憤怒的肢體表達(dá)被普遍認(rèn)為對社會有太多壞處而不能被容忍。harmful

②Thesedays,breakingtrafficrulesandlitteringarenotuncommon,causingseriousharm______lifeandtheenvironment.這些天，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很常見，對生活和環(huán)境造成了嚴(yán)重的破壞。③Ifyouwanttosolvetheprobleminthisway,thereisnoharm_______callinghim.如果你想以這種方式來解決問題，你不妨給他打個電話。to

in

2．existvi.存在；生存；存活；繼續(xù)存在歸納拓展(1)Thereexists/existed...某地有……；存在……existon(liveon)sth.靠某物生存existby靠……方式為生existin存在于……之中existas作為……而存在；以……形態(tài)存在(2)existencen.存在；生存comeintoexistence開始存在；成立bring...intoexistence使……發(fā)生(產(chǎn)生)inexistence現(xiàn)存的；現(xiàn)有的(3)existentadj.存在的；現(xiàn)存的完成句子。①Theycan't__________themoneyhe'searning.他們靠他掙的那點(diǎn)錢無法維持生活。②______________hugeanimalsontheearthalongtimeago.很久以前地球上存在著體形龐大的動物。③Ithasbeen______________formorethan500years.它已經(jīng)存在500多年了。④Nowadays,therearestillmanypeoplewonderingwhentheearth______________________.現(xiàn)在仍有很多人想知道，地球是何時產(chǎn)生的。exist

on

There

existed

in

existence

came

into

existence

3．puzzlen．迷；難題vi&

vt.(使)迷惑；(使)為難歸納拓展(1)puzzleabout/over苦苦思索；仔細(xì)琢磨puzzlesth.out

琢磨出……的答案；開動腦筋bepuzzledby被……迷惑(2)beinapuzzleaboutsth.對某事感到不解setapuzzleforsb.(＝setsb.apuzzle)出個謎語讓某人猜beinapuzzle不知如何是好(3)puzzledadj.感到困惑的puzzlingadj.令人困惑的用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/介詞填空。①Tenyson'scarefortheelderlywoman__________(puzzle)theflowerseller.Tenyson對老婦人的照顧使得賣花的人很迷惑。②Thepolicearestillpuzzling____________howtheaccidentcouldhavehappened.警察仍在苦思這起事故是怎么發(fā)生的。puzzled

about/over

③Wherethemissingplanehasgonestillremainsapuzzle______us.失聯(lián)飛機(jī)去了哪兒對我們來說仍是個謎。④Therewasa__________(puzzle)lookonthelittlegirl'sfacebecausea__________(puzzle)problem__________(puzzle)her.在這個小女孩的臉上帶著迷惑的表情，因?yàn)橐坏懒钊嗣曰蟮膯栴}讓她感到困惑。to

puzzled

puzzling

puzzled

4．pulln．&

vt.拉(力)；托；牽引力歸納拓展pullthrough康復(fù)；痊愈pulldown拉下(窗簾等)；拆毀；拆掉(房屋等)pullout拔出；(列車等)出站；啟程pullin(列車等)駛進(jìn)；到站；(船)靠岸pullsb.through(使)渡過危機(jī)(難關(guān))pull...up把……往上拽；停止pullover(機(jī)動車輛等)停靠(在路邊)完成句子。①Ipulled______mymobilephonetoreadatextmessagefrommymom.我拿出手機(jī)讀媽媽發(fā)的短信。②Hishousewaspulled__________byfire.他的房子被大火燒毀了。③Hepulled________hiscoatandjoinedusinthework.他脫去上衣，便和我們一起干了起來。④Thepolicecarsignaledtoustopull________.警車發(fā)出信號，要我們駛向路邊?？俊ut

down

off

in

1．prevent/stop/keep...from...阻止/防止……做/發(fā)生歸納拓展在主動語態(tài)的句子中，stop和prevent后的from可省略，但keep后的不可省略；在被動語態(tài)中，這三個短語中的from均不可省略。比較：protect...from...保護(hù)……不受……(傷害)重點(diǎn)短語完成句子。①Theheavyrain_________________________________onwithourwork.大雨阻止了我們繼續(xù)工作。②Apossiblewar________finally___________________________breakingoutwiththeireffort.一場可能的戰(zhàn)爭最終由于他們的努力而避免了。③Thefarmers__________wheat__________heavyrainwithrainclothes.農(nóng)民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。prevented/stopped/kept

us

from

going

was

prevented/stopped/kept

from

protect

from

2．intime及時；終于歸納拓展ontime準(zhǔn)時

allthetime一直；始終atonetime曾經(jīng)；一度

atatime每次；逐一attimes有時；間或

atalltimes隨時；總是fromtimetotime有時；偶爾

innotime立刻；馬上atnotime絕不timeandtimeagain一次又一次；一再takeone'stime別著急；慢慢來keepupwiththetime與時俱進(jìn)用time的相關(guān)短語完成下列句子。①Theysenttheemailtomejust__________beforeIleft.②__________willIgiveupcompletingtheproject.③Theboylaughedandcried_________________.④_____________hewasaddictedtoplayingwebgames,butnowhedevoteshimselftowriting,whichdelightshisparents.⑤Don'ttrytodoeverythingatonce；takeitabit__________.⑥Wearrivedinthesummer,just__________toenjoythemidnightsun.intime

Atnotime

atthesametime

Atonetime

atatime

intime

3．nowthat由于；既然歸納拓展since與nowthat(既然)引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般置于主句之前；because(因?yàn)?引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句通常放在主句之后；as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句前，也可位于主句后。此外，并列連詞for也可表示原因，引導(dǎo)的原因分句只能放在另一個分句之后。完成句子。①________________(既然)youarewillingtotakeachance,thengoahead!②________________(既然)everybodyishere,let'sbeginourmeeting.③Itis__________(因?yàn)?helackedenoughconfidencethathesufferedfromfailure.④Hemustbeagoodstudent,______(因?yàn)?he'salwayscarefulwithhislessons.Nowthat(＝Since)

Nowthat(＝Since)

because

for

4．inone'sturn輪到某人；接著歸納拓展inturn依次；輪流；反之；反過來byturns輪流；交替地taketurnstodosth.輪流做某事Itisone'sturntodosth.輪到某人做某事takeone'sturn輪到某人ontheturn正在轉(zhuǎn)變；正在變化outofturn不合時宜地；魯莽地takeaturn轉(zhuǎn)變介、副詞填空/用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。①Nowotherstudentswerecomingtohimforcoachingandthey,_______turn,werewinningcontests.現(xiàn)在其他學(xué)生都來向他請教，相應(yīng)地，他們也逐贏得比賽。②Ithinkit'smyturn__________(drive)thekidstoschoolthisweek.我想這周該輪到我開車送孩子們上學(xué)了。③Itturned______thatthisyoungmanwasnoneotherthantheoldman'sson.結(jié)果證明這個年輕人正是那位老人的兒子。in

to

drive

out

5．cheerup感到高興；感到振奮歸納拓展cheersb.up

使某人振作起來cheersb.on(比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵某人；為某人加油Cheers!(用于祝酒)干杯！用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/完成句子。①Uponarrivingattheclassroom,theauthor____________(cheer)upbyawarmwelcome.一走進(jìn)教室，作者因?yàn)闊崃业臍g迎而高興起來。②Sowewentovertotheflowersellerandaskedherifwecouldbuyaflowerforthelady______________.所以我們朝賣花的人走去，問她我們是否可以為那位女士買一朵花來讓她振作起來。③Iproposeatoasttoourfriendshipandcooperation.__________(cheer)!我提議為我們的友情與互助，干杯！was

cheered

to

cheer

her

up

Cheers

重點(diǎn)句型1．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.本句中的兩個whether分別引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句。歸納拓展whether與if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時的區(qū)別：(1)whether可以直接與ornot連用，if不可以。(2)引導(dǎo)位于句首的主語從句，用whether，不用if。(3)引導(dǎo)表語從句和同位語從句，用whether，不用if。(4)動詞不定式之前用whether，不用if。(5)介詞之后的賓語從句用whether，不用if。根據(jù)括號內(nèi)漢語意思完成句子。①__________________________________(明天我們是否去野營)dependsontheweather.②Wehaven'tsettledtheproblemof____________________________________(他是否有必要去國外學(xué)習(xí))．③Iwonder___________________(你能否幫我)．Whetherwe'llgocampingtomorrow

whetheritisnecessaryforhimtostudyabroad

ifyoucanhelpme

2．ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.而當(dāng)我試著向前邁步的時候，我發(fā)覺我被送出去很遠(yuǎn)，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍，因而我摔倒了。本句中的twiceas...as...表示“是……的幾倍”，該