賓語從句-賓語從句語法講解

PAGEPAGE4賓語從句一.賓語從句的定義：在復合句中，用來做動詞賓語的句子叫賓語從句。賓語從句的結構：主句+引導詞+從句賓語從句的三要素：當從句是陳述句時，引導詞用that;當從句是一般疑問句時，引導詞用if或whether（是否）;一般情況，if/whether可以換用，但以下3種情況只能用whether:引導詞a.與不定式連用；引導詞b.做介詞賓語；c與ornot連用當從句是特殊疑問句時，引導詞用原有的特殊疑問詞； 語序賓語從句的語序一定是陳述語序當主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，從句可以用需要的任何時態(tài)；時態(tài)：當主句是一般過去時態(tài)時，從句必須是對應的過去時態(tài)的一種時態(tài)：當主句是一般過去時態(tài)時，但從句表示的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象，從句時態(tài)不受主句時態(tài)的限制，都用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。當主句是Could/Wouldyoutellme時，看作一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句用需要的任何時態(tài)。賓語從句與直接引語和間接引語的關系賓語從句實際就是由直接引語變化而來的間接引語。所以，掌握好賓語從句必須熟悉直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則。直接引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；直接引語通常用引號“”括起來。用自己的話把別人的話陳述出來，叫間接引語。間接引語在多數(shù)情況下就構成一個賓語從句。直接引語變間接引語的規(guī)則變化：引導詞及語序（同上）a.Myteachersaid:“He’llgotoBeijingtomorrow”.Myteachersaid_____________________________________________________________b.Theboyaskedhismother，“CanIgoouttoplayfootballaftersupper?”Theboyaskedhismother_____________________________________________________c.LilyaskedLucy，“Whenwillyoucomeback?”LilyaskedLucy______________________________________________________________人稱的變化（一隨主；二隨賓，第三人稱不變化）Shesaid,“Iliketennis.”______________________________________________HesaidtoLily,“Youmustgetupearly.”_____________________________________Shesaidtome,“Theywanttohelphim.”_____________________________________時態(tài)的變化（同上）直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般過去時一般過去時/過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時一般將來時過去將來時練習：1）Sheasked,“Haveyouseenthefilm?”2）Sheaskedus，“Whereareyougoingtogetoff?”3）Heasked,“Areyouadoctor,John?”4）Theradiosaysit____________cloudytomorrow.(be)5）Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6）Tomsaysthatthey________________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7）Ihearthey_____________(return)italready.8)Hesaidthatthey_____________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)9)MissWangtoldmethattheearth__________(move)roundtheearth.10)Ourteachertoldusinclassthesun___________intheeast.(rise)4．直接引語是祈使句，變成間接引語時，把動詞原形變成動詞不定式，當祈使句是否定句時，不定式前加not。并把主句的謂語動詞改為tell,ask,order等形式。例如：1.“Bequiet,please.”Mr.Wangsaidtous.___________________________________________________________________________2.Theteachersaidtous,“Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktoschool.”(改為間接引語)Theteacheraskedus________________________________________________________.賓語從句練習I.下列句子合并為一句1.Iwillcomeback.Tomsaid.2.Ishedoinghishomework?Jimasked.3.Whenwillhecomeback?Tomasked.4Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.5Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?6.HowcanIgettothestation?Couldyoutellme?II.選擇最佳答案()1.Hetoldme_______shewouldcatchtheearlybus.

A.which

B.whether

C.why

D.that()2.Mrs.Greenaskedme_______Iwouldgowithher.

A.what

B.which

C.why

D.that

()3.Idon'tknow_______thecoat_______cheapenough.

A.if,is

B.where,were

C.that,was

D.if,were()4.Callyoutellmewhy_______yesterday?

A.youdidn'tcome

B.didyounotcomeC.didn'tyoucome

D.youdon'tcome()5.Hesaidthatthey_______Yunnan.

A.havebeento

B.hadgoneto

C.havegoneto

D.hasgoneto

()6.Jackisn'tsure_______studentsthereareinhisclass.

A.howmany

B.what

C.which

D.whether()7.Canyoutellme_______yesterday?

A.whattheydo

B.whattheydidC.whatdotheydo

D.whatdidtheydo()8.Iwanttoknow_______hishomeworkyesterdayevening.

A.ifhefinished

B.whetherhehadfinishedC.hadshefinished

D.hasshefinished()9.Doyouknowwhat_______thistimeyesterday?

A.theyaredoing

B.aretheydoingC.theyweredoing

D.weretheydoing()10.Excuseme,canyoutellme_______？A.whywasthetrainlate

B.whythetrainwaslateC.whyisthetrainlate

D.whythetrainislate

()11.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling

()12.Doyouknowwhere_______?Someoneislookingforhim.

A.heis

B.hewas

C.ishe

D.washe

()13.--Would

you

please

tell

me

__________?

--At

10:00

this

evening.

A.

when

will

the

train

leave

B.

when

the

train

will

leave

C.

when

does

the

train

leave()14.Mybrothersaidhe_______going_______hisfriendthenextday.

A.was,tomeet

B.wouldgo,hasC.willgo,wasgoingto

D.willgo,will

()15.Hetoldmethathe_______toLondonthenextday.A.wouldgo

B.go

C.went

D.hasgone

()16.Hesaidthatlight_______muchfasterthansound.

A.traveled

B.willtravel

C.travels

D.istraveling()17.Ourteachersaidthatthemoon_______aroundtheearth.

A.turn