【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專題十-定語(yǔ)從句-

專題十定語(yǔ)從句1.(2022·安徽卷)Theexactyear______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which2.(2022·北京卷)IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where3.(2022·福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where4.(2022·江西卷)Amongthemanydangers________—sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when5.(2022·江西卷)Itwasthemiddleofthenight________myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.A.thatB.asC.whichD.when6.(2022·浙江卷)Idon'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why7.(2022·江蘇卷)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where8.(2022·湖南卷)Iamlookingforwardtotheday________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where9.(2022·山東卷)Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why10.(2022·四川卷)Untilnow,wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it1.【答案】D【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中國(guó)度假精確?????是在2008年。先行詞是theexactyear，后面的定語(yǔ)從句AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChina中動(dòng)詞spent后面缺少賓語(yǔ)，所以使用關(guān)系代詞which，在句中作賓語(yǔ)。2.【答案】B【解析】句意：上個(gè)星期我從圖書(shū)館里借了SherlockHolmes，這是我的同學(xué)推舉給我的。本題考查的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是thebookSherlockHolmes，在定語(yǔ)從句中which指代先行詞并作為定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞recommend的賓語(yǔ)。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，在社區(qū)活動(dòng)里他們能夠獲得成長(zhǎng)的閱歷。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是communityactivities，后面的定語(yǔ)從句theycangainexperienceforgrowth是主謂賓句子，并且結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，where在句中相當(dāng)于inwhich，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。when的先行詞通常是表示時(shí)間的名詞。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：在海員面對(duì)的很多危急中，或許最大的危急是霧。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是themanydangers，在定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞，在句中作為動(dòng)詞face的賓語(yǔ)，也可以省略。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：我的父親把我叫醒并要我看足球賽的時(shí)候是在半夜。本句中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。本句簡(jiǎn)潔錯(cuò)選A項(xiàng)，認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，實(shí)際上themiddleofthenight不能單獨(dú)作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，假如在themiddleofthenight前面加上in，本題就可以選擇A項(xiàng)了。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：直到五班級(jí)我才成為一個(gè)很認(rèn)真的攀登者，在那時(shí)我登高去拿下一個(gè)卡在樹(shù)枝上的風(fēng)箏。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是thefifthgrade，后面定語(yǔ)從句中主謂賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，由于先行詞表示時(shí)間，所以使用when。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：在日常溝通中這本書(shū)幫了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本題定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是work，后面的定語(yǔ)從句的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，work是模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，所以用where引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：我始終都在期盼著我的女兒能夠閱讀這本書(shū)并理解我對(duì)她的感情的那一天。本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是theday，后面的定語(yǔ)從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)格外完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞when在句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：一個(gè)利潤(rùn)來(lái)自國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)的公司，其利潤(rùn)正在下滑的，或許可以開(kāi)拓國(guó)外市場(chǎng)。本題是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是acompany，后面的定語(yǔ)從句中名詞profits前面缺少定語(yǔ)修飾，所以使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)。whoseprofits相當(dāng)于theprofitsofwhich。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為貧困的孩子募捐到了五萬(wàn)英鎊，這一點(diǎn)是完全沒(méi)有預(yù)料到的。本句中的關(guān)系代詞which指代前面主句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)從句是高考的重點(diǎn)，也是同學(xué)英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)。從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇是多年來(lái)的主要考點(diǎn)。高考對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查熱點(diǎn)有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞時(shí)，對(duì)where的運(yùn)用；“介詞＋which/whom/whose”；定語(yǔ)從句與其他從句，如名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分，以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)分。要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備一：定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)基本概念作用起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞Therewasanaccidentthat/whichhappenedatthestreetcorner.(that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句置于先行詞anaccident之后；that/which為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ))Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthathewascaughtinthetraffic.(why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，從句置于先行詞thereason之后；why為關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作緣由狀語(yǔ))位置在一個(gè)名詞或代詞后面，或被某些狀語(yǔ)分隔先行詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞，分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間，起連接作用；二是在從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備二：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的具體作用關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother？whom,which和that在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，?？梢允÷裕樵~提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不行以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人,物主語(yǔ)Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人,物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語(yǔ)一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.when可用on/inwhich代替where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.where可用in/atwhich代替why緣由緣由狀語(yǔ)Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.why可用forwhich代替

要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備三：that與which,who與whom的用法區(qū)分狀況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的狀況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時(shí)2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等詞修飾時(shí)3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時(shí)6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避開(kāi)重復(fù)時(shí)Thebookthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？只用which,who,whom，而不用that的狀況1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，whose表所屬關(guān)系3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時(shí)多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備四：as與which的區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句區(qū)分例句在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中名詞前有such和thesame或as,so修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞先行詞含義位置典型句型例句as整個(gè)主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可Asanybodycansee,asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall,asoftenhappens，ashasbeensaidabove，asisoftenthecaseIampatientwithmychild,whichmyhusbandseldomis.Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn'texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980swhich1.先行名詞2.部分主句內(nèi)容3.整個(gè)主句1.相當(dāng)于先行詞2.這一點(diǎn)(＝andthat)只能在先行詞之后從句為否定含義時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用which要點(diǎn)儲(chǔ)備五：限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分類別語(yǔ)法意義及特征例句限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系格外親密，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)2.關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.Thebook(that/which)helenttomewasmissing.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1.對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不格外親密，較松散。2.從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that,why引導(dǎo)；任何關(guān)系代詞或副詞都不能省略3.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的適用情形：(1)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的詞作先行詞(2)從句中表部分信息或包括全部時(shí)，如：...,some/any/most/30%/one/all/noneofwhich/whom...Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomisadoctor.Hefellillsuddenly,forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday.HewenttoBeijingin2003,wherehebecamefamousaftersevenyears.重點(diǎn)突破七留意1when,where與that/which的選用(1)當(dāng)先行詞是stay,period,interval,time,age,occasion等，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用when(2)先行詞是spot，sport，family，theInternet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用where(先行詞是stage，可用where或when引導(dǎo))(3)從句中缺主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that/whichTheoldmanwillneverforgethisstaytherewhenhefoundhismissingson.Shebroughtthepolicetothesamespotwhereshewitnessedtheaccident.Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Sheputforwardsomeconditionsthat/whichsheattachedtothecontract.2從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與先行詞保持全都Tomwasoneofthe_boyswhowere_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.Tomwasthe(only)_oneoftheboyswhowas_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.I,_whoamyourteacher,willtrytohelpyou.3“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇及其關(guān)系詞的選擇介詞＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(whom（指人）,which（指物）,whose＋n.（所屬關(guān)系）))(1)關(guān)系代詞不能省略(2)介詞的選用與從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有關(guān)或與先行詞有關(guān)或與整句語(yǔ)境有關(guān)(3)此結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可與“此結(jié)構(gòu)＋不定式”互換Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)Tom,inwhosecarIwenttothestation,ismygoodfriend.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.Hehasnomoneywithwhichhecanbuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywithwhichtobuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywhichtobuyfoodwith.4分隔定語(yǔ)從句(同位語(yǔ)從句)分隔定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間被同位語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)等成分分開(kāi)(解題關(guān)鍵：移開(kāi)分隔部分，找準(zhǔn)先行詞)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(定語(yǔ)從句)Thenewscamethatourteamwonthematch.(同位語(yǔ)從句)5特殊引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)fromwhereduringwhichtimeinwhichcasesincewhen(定語(yǔ)從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))bywhen(定語(yǔ)從句中用完成時(shí))Hestoodbeforethewindow,fromwherehewatchedhisstudentsplayingfootball.HewasborninWorldWarⅡ，duringwhichtimethousandsofmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.Hemaynotcome,inwhichcasewewillgotherewithouthim.Hewenttothecityin2004,sincewhenhehasmadegreatprocessinhiscareer.TheysettledinSeatlelastyear,bywhenshehadobtainedamaster'sdegreeineconomics.6從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇(1)定語(yǔ)從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why；從句中缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系代詞that,which(2)theway作先行詞時(shí)，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用that,inwhich或不用任何關(guān)系詞ThisisjustthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.Hereturnedtothesameplacewherehehadfoundhiswatch.Theway(that/inwhich)hehandledtheproblemwassimple.Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftohandletheproblemwassimple.7與其他從句以及并列句的區(qū)分與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)分ThisissuchaheavybagasIcan'tcarry.ThisissuchaheavybagthatIcan'tcarryit.與并列句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分Therearetwoholes,eachofwhichwasmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,eachofthemmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,andeachofthemwasmadebymice.MyfriendMarymaybeill,inwhichcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill,andinthatcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill;inthatcaseIwillvisither.與名詞性從句的區(qū)分Asisknowntoall,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝ItisknowntoallthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝WhatisknowntoallisthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)分Itwasat7o'clockp．m.thathecameback.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwas7o'clockp．m.whenhecameback.(定語(yǔ)從句)1.Shesuggestsanotherapproach,one，Ithink,________suitsusbetter.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who2.Jim'smotherdoesn'tpushtoohardonhim,________reallybenefitalotfromherrelaxedattitude.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who3.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople________villageItaughtarenowlivingahappylife.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhichD.which4.Naturallyasmile________theeyesparticipateisextremelycommunicative.A.towhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.withwhich5.Whatsetshumanbeingsapartfromanimalsisnotthepursuitofhappiness,butthepursuitofmeaning,________isuniquetohumans.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as6.InSouthAfrica,Englishisthelanguage________blackparentswishtheirchildrentobeA.forwhichB.thatC.inwhichD.when7.—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroom________wehadabiologylessonyesterday.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where8.—Howarethingsgoing,Janet?—Theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what9.Thecamerayoumentionedisofhighquality,butitis________expensiveacamera________Ican'tafford.A.so;thatB.so;asC.too;thatD.too;as10.Globalwarminghasbecomeaseriousproblem,________wemustfindsolutions.A.fromwhichB.towhichC.withwhichD.inwhich11.________isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandmatalkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast30minutes.A.WhatB.WhichC.AsD.It12.Whendeeplylostinthought,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when13.Henrymadealistofallthepossiblesolutions,________seemedhelpfulinhandlingthepresentsituation,though.A.noneofthemB.noneofwhichC.allofwhichD.allofthem14.Fromthisyear,reformswillbepushedthroughinsometestareas,________thegovernmentwillsetgrainpricesbasedmoreonthemarket.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.why15.Idon'tlikeanyhumorinthisseriousspeechbecauseIcan'tthinkofanycircumstance________thiswouldbebeneficialoruseful.A.whichB.whetherC.whereD.as1.【答案】A【解析】句意：她提出了另一個(gè)途徑，一個(gè)我認(rèn)為較適合我的途徑。Ithink是插入語(yǔ)；that作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)，先行詞為不定代詞，不用關(guān)系代詞which。2.【答案】D【解析】句意：Jim的媽媽對(duì)他不是過(guò)分嚴(yán)格，從她的寬松態(tài)度中他真正獲益良多。從句先行詞是him,指人用who不用which。3.【答案】A【解析】句意：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)展，我曾教過(guò)書(shū)的那個(gè)村莊的人們正過(guò)著幸福的日子。此處，whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)，inwhosevillage＝inthepeople'svillage。4