【高考復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】2021屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課堂講練-專題十-定語從句-

專題十定語從句1.(2022·安徽卷)Theexactyear______AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas2008.A.whenB.whereC.whyD.which2.(2022·北京卷)IborrowthebookSherlockHolmesfromthelibrarylastweek,________myclassmatesrecommendedtome.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.where3.(2022·福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivities________theycangainexperienceforgrowth.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.where4.(2022·江西卷)Amongthemanydangers________—sailorshavetoface,probablythegreatestofallisfog.A.whichB.whatC.whereD.when5.(2022·江西卷)Itwasthemiddleofthenight________myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.A.thatB.asC.whichD.when6.(2022·浙江卷)Idon'tbecomeaseriousclimberuntilthefifthgrade,________Iwentuptorescueakitethatwasstuckinthebranchesofatree.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.why7.(2022·江蘇卷)Thebookhashelpedmegreatlyinmydailycommunication,especiallyatwork________agoodimpressionisamust.A.whichB.whenC.asD.where8.(2022·湖南卷)Iamlookingforwardtotheday________mydaughtercanreadthisbookandknowmyfeelingsforher.A.asB.whyC.whenD.where9.(2022·山東卷)Acompany________profitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.why10.(2022·四川卷)Untilnow,wehaveraised50，000poundsforthepoorchildren,________isquiteunexpected.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.it1.【答案】D【解析】句意：Angela和她的家人一起在中國度假精確?????是在2008年。先行詞是theexactyear，后面的定語從句AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChina中動詞spent后面缺少賓語，所以使用關(guān)系代詞which，在句中作賓語。2.【答案】B【解析】句意：上個星期我從圖書館里借了SherlockHolmes，這是我的同學(xué)推舉給我的。本題考查的是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是thebookSherlockHolmes，在定語從句中which指代先行詞并作為定語從句中的動詞recommend的賓語。3.【答案】D【解析】句意：同學(xué)應(yīng)當(dāng)參與社區(qū)活動，在社區(qū)活動里他們能夠獲得成長的閱歷。本題考查定語從句，先行詞是communityactivities，后面的定語從句theycangainexperienceforgrowth是主謂賓句子，并且結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)這個定語從句，where在句中相當(dāng)于inwhich，充當(dāng)狀語。when的先行詞通常是表示時間的名詞。4.【答案】A【解析】句意：在海員面對的很多危急中，或許最大的危急是霧。本題考查定語從句，先行詞是themanydangers，在定語從句中關(guān)系代詞which指代先行詞，在句中作為動詞face的賓語，也可以省略。5.【答案】D【解析】句意：我的父親把我叫醒并要我看足球賽的時候是在半夜。本句中的when引導(dǎo)的是一個時間狀語從句。本句簡潔錯選A項(xiàng)，認(rèn)為是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，實(shí)際上themiddleofthenight不能單獨(dú)作時間狀語，假如在themiddleofthenight前面加上in，本題就可以選擇A項(xiàng)了。6.【答案】A【解析】句意：直到五班級我才成為一個很認(rèn)真的攀登者，在那時我登高去拿下一個卡在樹枝上的風(fēng)箏。本題定語從句的先行詞是thefifthgrade，后面定語從句中主謂賓句子結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞來引導(dǎo)定語從句，由于先行詞表示時間，所以使用when。7.【答案】D【解析】句意：在日常溝通中這本書幫了我很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。本題定語從句的先行詞是work，后面的定語從句的主系表結(jié)構(gòu)很完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語，work是模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，所以用where引導(dǎo)這個定語從句。8.【答案】C【解析】句意：我始終都在期盼著我的女兒能夠閱讀這本書并理解我對她的感情的那一天。本題是一個定語從句，先行詞是theday，后面的定語從句主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)格外完整，所以使用關(guān)系副詞when在句中作時間狀語。9.【答案】B【解析】句意：一個利潤來自國內(nèi)市場的公司，其利潤正在下滑的，或許可以開拓國外市場。本題是一個定語從句，先行詞是acompany，后面的定語從句中名詞profits前面缺少定語修飾，所以使用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)這個定語從句，并在從句中作定語。whoseprofits相當(dāng)于theprofitsofwhich。10.【答案】B【解析】句意：到現(xiàn)在為止，我們已經(jīng)為貧困的孩子募捐到了五萬英鎊，這一點(diǎn)是完全沒有預(yù)料到的。本句中的關(guān)系代詞which指代前面主句的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，并在從句中作主語。定語從句是高考的重點(diǎn)，也是同學(xué)英語學(xué)習(xí)中的難點(diǎn)。從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇是多年來的主要考點(diǎn)。高考對定語從句的考查熱點(diǎn)有：which、as的用法；模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞作先行詞時，對where的運(yùn)用；“介詞＋which/whom/whose”；定語從句與其他從句，如名詞性從句、狀語從句的區(qū)分，以及與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)分。要點(diǎn)儲備一：定語從句的幾個基本概念作用起形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個名詞或代詞Therewasanaccidentthat/whichhappenedatthestreetcorner.(that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句置于先行詞anaccident之后；that/which為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語)Thereasonwhyhewaslateforclasswasthathewascaughtinthetraffic.(why引導(dǎo)定語從句，從句置于先行詞thereason之后；why為關(guān)系副詞，在從句中作緣由狀語)位置在一個名詞或代詞后面，或被某些狀語分隔先行詞被修飾的名詞或代詞關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞，分關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞。它的作用：一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間，起連接作用；二是在從句中充當(dāng)一個成分要點(diǎn)儲備二：關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的具體作用關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother？whom,which和that在限制性定語從句中作賓語時，?？梢允÷?，但介詞提前時后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不行以用thatwhom人賓語MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人,物主語Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人,物主語，賓語，表語Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主語，賓語Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人，物主語，賓語Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作賓語一般不省略關(guān)系副詞when時間時間狀語Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.when可用on/inwhich代替where地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.where可用in/atwhich代替why緣由緣由狀語Ican'timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.why可用forwhich代替

要點(diǎn)儲備三：that與which,who與whom的用法區(qū)分狀況用法說明例句只用that的狀況1.先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much等不定代詞時2.先行詞被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等詞修飾時3.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾時4.先行詞既指人又指物時5.先行詞被theonly,thevery修飾時6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時，為了避開重復(fù)時Thebookthatyouofferedhasbeengivenout.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech？只用which,who,whom，而不用that的狀況1.在非限制性定語從句中，只能用which指物，用who/whom指人2.在由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人，whose表所屬關(guān)系3.先行詞本身是that時，關(guān)系詞用which,先行詞為those,one,he時多用whoHehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.要點(diǎn)儲備四：as與which的區(qū)分定語從句區(qū)分例句在限制性定語從句中名詞前有such和thesame或as,so修飾時，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用whichHeisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don'treadsuchbooksasyoucan'tunderstand.在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞先行詞含義位置典型句型例句as整個主句正如，像在主句前、中、后均可Asanybodycansee,asiswellknown＝asisknowntoall,asoftenhappens，ashasbeensaidabove，asisoftenthecaseIampatientwithmychild,whichmyhusbandseldomis.Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn'texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980swhich1.先行名詞2.部分主句內(nèi)容3.整個主句1.相當(dāng)于先行詞2.這一點(diǎn)(＝andthat)只能在先行詞之后從句為否定含義時，關(guān)系代詞只能用which要點(diǎn)儲備五：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)分類別語法意義及特征例句限制性定語從句1.對先行詞起修飾限制作用，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系格外親密，寫時不用逗號分開2.關(guān)系代詞作從句賓語時，可省略TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.Thebook(that/which)helenttomewasmissing.非限制性定語從句1.對先行詞作附加的說明，與主句的關(guān)系不格外親密，較松散。2.從句和主句之間用逗號分開，相當(dāng)于一個插入語，不能用that,why引導(dǎo)；任何關(guān)系代詞或副詞都不能省略3.非限制性定語從句的適用情形：(1)獨(dú)一無二的詞作先行詞(2)從句中表部分信息或包括全部時，如：...,some/any/most/30%/one/all/noneofwhich/whom...Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.Hehasthreesons,noneofwhomisadoctor.Hefellillsuddenly,forwhichhedidn'tattendthemeetingyesterday.HewenttoBeijingin2003,wherehebecamefamousaftersevenyears.重點(diǎn)突破七留意1when,where與that/which的選用(1)當(dāng)先行詞是stay,period,interval,time,age,occasion等，從句中缺狀語時，用when(2)先行詞是spot，sport，family，theInternet，society，case，situation，condition，scene等模糊化的地點(diǎn)名詞，從句中缺狀語時，用where(先行詞是stage，可用where或when引導(dǎo))(3)從句中缺主語賓語時，用that/whichTheoldmanwillneverforgethisstaytherewhenhefoundhismissingson.Shebroughtthepolicetothesamespotwhereshewitnessedtheaccident.Theirchildisatthestagewhereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Sheputforwardsomeconditionsthat/whichsheattachedtothecontract.2從句中謂語動詞的數(shù)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞的數(shù)與先行詞保持全都Tomwasoneofthe_boyswhowere_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.Tomwasthe(only)_oneoftheboyswhowas_praisedbytheheadmasteryesterday.I,_whoamyourteacher,willtrytohelpyou.3“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選擇及其關(guān)系詞的選擇介詞＋eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(whom（指人）,which（指物）,whose＋n.（所屬關(guān)系）))(1)關(guān)系代詞不能省略(2)介詞的選用與從句中謂語動詞有關(guān)或與先行詞有關(guān)或與整句語境有關(guān)(3)此結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)的定語從句可與“此結(jié)構(gòu)＋不定式”互換Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.(turntosb.forhelp)Tom,inwhosecarIwenttothestation,ismygoodfriend.RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhich(＝whoseprice)wasveryreasonable.Hehasnomoneywithwhichhecanbuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywithwhichtobuyfood.＝Hehasnomoneywhichtobuyfoodwith.4分隔定語從句(同位語從句)分隔定語從句與先行詞之間被同位語、狀語、謂語等成分分開(解題關(guān)鍵：移開分隔部分，找準(zhǔn)先行詞)I'vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwhoImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(定語從句)Thenewscamethatourteamwonthematch.(同位語從句)5特殊引導(dǎo)結(jié)構(gòu)fromwhereduringwhichtimeinwhichcasesincewhen(定語從句中用現(xiàn)在完成時)bywhen(定語從句中用完成時)Hestoodbeforethewindow,fromwherehewatchedhisstudentsplayingfootball.HewasborninWorldWarⅡ，duringwhichtimethousandsofmillionsofpeoplewerekilled.Hemaynotcome,inwhichcasewewillgotherewithouthim.Hewenttothecityin2004,sincewhenhehasmadegreatprocessinhiscareer.TheysettledinSeatlelastyear,bywhenshehadobtainedamaster'sdegreeineconomics.6從句中關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選擇(1)定語從句中缺狀語時，用關(guān)系副詞when,where,why；從句中缺主語、賓語時用關(guān)系代詞that,which(2)theway作先行詞時，從句中缺狀語時用that,inwhich或不用任何關(guān)系詞ThisisjustthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.Hereturnedtothesameplacewherehehadfoundhiswatch.Theway(that/inwhich)hehandledtheproblemwassimple.Theway(that/which)hethoughtoftohandletheproblemwassimple.7與其他從句以及并列句的區(qū)分與結(jié)果狀語從句的區(qū)分ThisissuchaheavybagasIcan'tcarry.ThisissuchaheavybagthatIcan'tcarryit.與并列句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分Therearetwoholes,eachofwhichwasmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,eachofthemmadebymice.＝Therearetwoholes,andeachofthemwasmadebymice.MyfriendMarymaybeill,inwhichcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill,andinthatcaseIwillvisither.＝MyfriendMarymaybeill;inthatcaseIwillvisither.與名詞性從句的區(qū)分Asisknowntoall,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝ItisknowntoallthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.＝WhatisknowntoallisthatthecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)分Itwasat7o'clockp．m.thathecameback.(強(qiáng)調(diào)句型)Itwas7o'clockp．m.whenhecameback.(定語從句)1.Shesuggestsanotherapproach,one，Ithink,________suitsusbetter.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.who2.Jim'smotherdoesn'tpushtoohardonhim,________reallybenefitalotfromherrelaxedattitude.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.who3.Withthedevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople________villageItaughtarenowlivingahappylife.A.inwhoseB.whoseC.inwhichD.which4.Naturallyasmile________theeyesparticipateisextremelycommunicative.A.towhichB.inwhichC.atwhichD.withwhich5.Whatsetshumanbeingsapartfromanimalsisnotthepursuitofhappiness,butthepursuitofmeaning,________isuniquetohumans.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as6.InSouthAfrica,Englishisthelanguage________blackparentswishtheirchildrentobeA.forwhichB.thatC.inwhichD.when7.—WheredidyouhavethediscussionwithProfessorSnow?—Itwasintheclassroom________wehadabiologylessonyesterday.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where8.—Howarethingsgoing,Janet?—Theyhavesetouttodealwiththepresentsituation________theythinkdeservestheirimmediateattention.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what9.Thecamerayoumentionedisofhighquality,butitis________expensiveacamera________Ican'tafford.A.so;thatB.so;asC.too;thatD.too;as10.Globalwarminghasbecomeaseriousproblem,________wemustfindsolutions.A.fromwhichB.towhichC.withwhichD.inwhich11.________isoftenthecasewithelderpeople,mygrandmatalkedaboutmynewhairstyleforatleast30minutes.A.WhatB.WhichC.AsD.It12.Whendeeplylostinthought,________heoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.when13.Henrymadealistofallthepossiblesolutions,________seemedhelpfulinhandlingthepresentsituation,though.A.noneofthemB.noneofwhichC.allofwhichD.allofthem14.Fromthisyear,reformswillbepushedthroughinsometestareas,________thegovernmentwillsetgrainpricesbasedmoreonthemarket.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.why15.Idon'tlikeanyhumorinthisseriousspeechbecauseIcan'tthinkofanycircumstance________thiswouldbebeneficialoruseful.A.whichB.whetherC.whereD.as1.【答案】A【解析】句意：她提出了另一個途徑，一個我認(rèn)為較適合我的途徑。Ithink是插入語；that作定語從句中的主語，先行詞為不定代詞，不用關(guān)系代詞which。2.【答案】D【解析】句意：Jim的媽媽對他不是過分嚴(yán)格，從她的寬松態(tài)度中他真正獲益良多。從句先行詞是him,指人用who不用which。3.【答案】A【解析】句意：隨著農(nóng)業(yè)的進(jìn)展，我曾教過書的那個村莊的人們正過著幸福的日子。此處，whose在從句中作定語，inwhosevillage＝inthepeople'svillage。4