7 消化系統(tǒng)課件

7消化系統(tǒng)

消化系統(tǒng)7消化系統(tǒng)Composition消化系統(tǒng)組成Digestivetract消化管

Mouth口腔

Pharynx咽

Esophagus食管

Stomach胃

Smallintestine小腸

Largeintestine大腸Duodenum十二指腸Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸Digestivegland消化腺：大消化腺，小消化腺Superiordigestivetube

上消化道Inferiordigestivetube

下消化道Majorsalivaryglands大唾液腺Liver肝Pancreas胰

Function:ingestion,digestion,absorption,egesting7消化系統(tǒng)

Mouth

Pharynx

Esophagus

StomachDuodenumJejunumIleumLargeintestine

Liver

PancreasMajorsalivaryglands7消化系統(tǒng)TheEsophagus食管

Generalfeatures位置及形態(tài)

amusculartuberabout25cmlong,connectingthepharynxatlevelofC6vertebra,atlevelofT11vertebraentersthestomach.Division:Cervicalpart頸部Thoracicpart胸部Abdominalpart腹部7消化系統(tǒng)Threeconstrictions食管3個狹窄第一狹窄：起始部Atitsbeginning,15cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofC6,isthenarrowestpartoftheesophagus第二狹窄：

與左主支氣管交叉處Whereitiscrossedbyleftmainbronchus,25cmfromincisors,liesatlevelofintervertebraldiscbetweenT4andT5.第三狹窄：穿膈處

Whereitpassesthroughtheesophagealhiatusofdiaphragm,40cmfromincisors,atlevelofT107消化系統(tǒng)TheStomach胃

Shape形態(tài)、分部

Twosurface兩壁:anterior前壁andposterior后壁.Twocurvatures兩緣Lessercurvature胃小彎

:short,concaveanddirectedtotherightandupward,Greatercurvature

胃大彎:long,convexanddirectedtotheleftanddownward.Twoopenings兩口Cardia賁門Pylorus幽門7消化系統(tǒng)Cardiacpart賁門部Fundusofstomach胃底Bodyofstomach胃體Pyloricantrum

幽門竇Pyloriccanal幽門管Pyloricpart幽門部7消化系統(tǒng)Position胃的位置－Mainlypartsissituatedinthelefthypochondriacregion左季肋區(qū),smallintheepigastricregion腹上區(qū);7消化系統(tǒng)TheSmallIntestine小腸About5-7mlong,DividedintoDuodenum十二指腸

Jejunum空腸Ileum回腸DuodenumJejunumIleum7消化系統(tǒng)

Duodenum十二指腸Fourparts

Superiorpart上部Duodenalcap十二指腸球Superiorduodednalflexure十二指腸上曲Descendingpart降部Majorduodenalpapilla

十二指腸大乳頭Minorduodenalpapilla十二指腸小乳頭Inferiorduodenalflexure十二指腸下曲Horizontalpart

水平部Ascendingpart

升部duodenojejunalflexure十二指腸空腸曲7消化系統(tǒng)Jejunum空腸

andileum回腸

7消化系統(tǒng)LargeIntestine大腸

Approximately1.5mlong,Fiveparts:Cecum盲腸Vermiformappendix闌尾Colon結腸Rectum直腸

Canal肛管7消化系統(tǒng)Cecum盲腸Blindsac,firstpartoflargeintestine,withlargestdiameterandthinnestwallLiesinrightiliacfossaTheiliumentersthececumobliquely,andpartiallyinvaginatesintoit,formingtheileocecalvalve－consistsoftwofolds,probablydelaysflowofilealcontentsintolargeintestine7消化系統(tǒng)Vermiformappendix闌尾位于右髂窩，長約6-8cm。7消化系統(tǒng)闌尾根部體表投影（MacBurney麥氏點)右髂前上棘與臍連線的中、外1/3交點處。Surfacemarkingofthebaseisattheso-calledMcBurney’spointwhichisatjunctionoflateralandmiddlethirdsoflinejoiningrightanteriorsuperioriliacspineandumbilicus7消化系統(tǒng)Colon

結腸Ascendingcolon

升結腸rightcolicflexure

結腸右曲Transversecolon橫結腸leftcolicflexure

Descendingcolon降結腸descendsalmostverticallyfromleftcolicflexuretosigmoidcolonatleftiliaccrest.Sigmoidcolon乙狀結腸－extendsfromdescendingcolontorectumatlevelofS3.7消化系統(tǒng)Rectum直腸Position:withinpelviccavity,extendsfromS3topelvicdiaphragm.Curves兩個彎曲：SagittalplaneSacralflexure直腸骶曲

convexbackward

Perinealflexure直腸會陰曲

convexforward.7消化系統(tǒng)肝Liver

7消化系統(tǒng)概述Introduction肝的功能:合成分泌膽汁；參與物質代謝,蛋白質、脂肪和糖；代謝解毒，藥物、激素轉化分解；吞噬及免疫防御；7消化系統(tǒng)

一、肝的形態(tài)肝呈不規(guī)則的楔形，分膈面、臟面和上下緣。（一）膈面DiaphragmaticSurfaceRightLobeofLiver肝右葉LeftLobeofLiver肝左葉鐮狀韌帶肝圓韌帶7消化系統(tǒng)右葉肝門肝固有動脈肝左、右管肝門靜脈肝圓韌帶裂靜脈韌帶膽囊下腔靜脈左葉方葉尾狀葉下緣7消化系統(tǒng)三、肝的體表投影肝的上界與膈的穹窿一致，肝最高點。在右側相當于右鎖骨中線與第五肋的交點處。在左側相當于左鎖骨中線與第五肋間隙的交點處，肝的下界，右側大致與右肋弓一致，在腹上區(qū)可達劍突下３－５ｃｍ。

7消化系統(tǒng)7消化系統(tǒng)膽囊

gallbladder形態(tài)位置分部底、體、頸、管膽囊底體表投影膽囊三角(Calot三角)

7消化系統(tǒng)7消化系統(tǒng)輸膽管道

BileDuct包括肝左管、肝右管、肝總管、膽囊Gallbladder與膽總管。肝左管肝右管CommonHepaticDuct肝總管Gallbladder膽囊Cysticduct膽囊管CommonBileDuct膽總管FundusofGallbladder膽囊底BodyofGallbladder膽囊體NeckofGallbladder膽囊頸HepatopancreaticAmpulla肝胰壺腹7消化系統(tǒng)膽汁排泄途徑平時

肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管膽囊管膽囊進食

膽囊膽囊管膽總管肝胰壺腹肝肝左管、肝右管肝總管十二指腸大乳頭十二指腸7