第十四講(原題版)(外研版)

2021年新高二暑假精品課程之判斷+鞏固+嫻熟+突破第十四講【學習目標】1．科學回顧梳理高一學年所學所接觸的重點難點詞匯和短語，句型和句式，借助語篇結構的語言環(huán)境夯實基礎，熟練把控語篇脈絡和詞匯記憶，進而實現(xiàn)詞匯量的飛躍，且有助于答題技巧的熟練形成。2．借助寶貴的暑假時間，科學高效迎對新課，新知識，新語言現(xiàn)象，走近高考，從容應對和解決高中英語的基本技能，達到知識，能力和技巧的飛躍和突破?！臼崂碇仉y點】.重點詞匯巧記憶一、根據(jù)要求寫出單詞的正確形式，擴大詞匯量。1.勇敢的_____________2.明智的_____________3.健忘的_____________4.禮貌的_____________5.粗魯?shù)腳____________6.溫和的_____________7.沉默的_____________8.誠實的_____________9.謙虛的_____________10.自私的_____________11.愚蠢的_____________12.直接的_____________13.有天賦的_____________14.幽默的_____________15.體諒的_____________二、根據(jù)要求寫出單詞的正確形式1.pessimistic(反義詞)______________2.negative(反義詞)______________3.mean(反義詞)______________4.rigid(反義詞)______________5.dependent(反義詞)______________根據(jù)所給漢語或首字母，寫出單詞的正確形式1.Hehasacheerfulbutquiet_____________(性格).2.Maryhasthe_____________(品質)ofhonestyandgenerosity.3.Peoplewithapositive_____________(態(tài)度)tolifeareadmirable.4.TVviolencemaycauseaggressive_____________(行為).5.Hewasknowntobeamanofgreat_____________(智慧).6.Youmusttrytobealittlemore_____________(實際的).7.Wearelookingforsomeonewhois_____________(可靠的)andhard-working.8.Youneedtobemore_____________(靈活的)andimaginativeinyourapproach.9.Itwas_____________(慷慨的)ofhimtooffertopayforusboth.10.Johnisa(n)_____________(善解人意的)andintelligentyoungman.11.Sheisovereighty,butisstill_____________(活躍的).12.Hewastoo_____________(倔強的)toadmitthathewaswrong.13.Kateisvery_____________(嚴格的)withherstudents.14.Sheisvery_____________(有耐心的)withyoungchildren.15.Heisquite_____________(自信的)abouthisownabilities.四、用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空1.Hehastheability_____________(attract)clients.2.Shewasdetermined_____________(win).3.Itisbadmanners_____________(talk)withyourmouthfull.4.Shewasaccustomedto_____________(get)upearly.5.GraduallyMikelostthecourage_____________(speak)outaboutanything.【梳理重難點】根據(jù)語境做好判斷，提升能力。選出適當?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空demanding,demanding,greedy,cautious,aggressive,ambitious,appropriate,ridiculous,mature,conservative,personality1.Heisavery_____________bosswhoisnevereasilysatisfied.2.Johnhasanice_____________andwealllikehim.3.Shedoesn’twanttogetintotrouble,sosheisalways_____________.4.Healwaysbecome_____________afterdrinkingalcohol.5.Don’tbeso_____________—you’vehadthreepiecesofcake.6.I’mvery_____________.Nothingmeansmoretomethanwinning.7.Thisfilmisnot_____________foryoungchildren.8.Isshe_____________enoughforsuchresponsibility.9.Heisa(n)_____________manwhoalwaysstickstotraditionalvalues.10.Helooked_____________inthathatwhichmadepeoplelaugh.選出適當?shù)亩陶Z，并用其正確形式填空calm...down,calm...down,blame...for,makefunof,beresponsiblefor,growaccustomedto1.Hetookadeepbreathto________________himself________________.2.It’scruelto________________peoplewhoaredisabled.3.Manypeoplethinkparents________________theirchildren’sbadbehaviour.4.Youcanhardly________________him________________notwaiting.5.Myeyesslowly________________thedark.重難考點多維練閱讀理解Theotherday,Iboughtanexpensiveanti－agingcreamthatpromisedtomakemyfacelookseveralyearsyoungerthanotherwomenbyfightingfreeradicals.Itmademecuriousaboutwhatfreeradicalsare.Istheanti－agingcreamtheonlywayIneedtoprotectmyself?“Asascientificterm,freeradicalsareessentiallyunstableatoms，”saysArizona-baseddoctor,NatashaBhuyan,M.D.“Inmedicine,theycausecellstobreakdownovertimeandarelinkedtoaging.”Asupersimplechemistryreviewforyou:Atomsfromdifferentelementsarethebuildingblocksthatmakeupwater,nitrogenandmore.Electrons(電子)arethenegativelychargedatoms,andtheyliketobeinpairs.Whenanelectronlosesitspartner,itcreatesafreeradical,whichisusuallyunstableandhighlyreactive.Freeradicalstypicallygothroughthebodytoseekoutareplacementfortheirmissingelectron,andthatcanresultindamagetocells,proteinsandDNA.Sohowdofreeradicalsformandwhydotheyhappen?Bhuyansays,“Scientifically,freeradicalsareunpairedelectronsthatareseekingamatetobondwith.Thetheorybehindfreeradicalsisthattheycanleadtotheimbalancebetweenfreeradicalsandantioxidants(抗氧化劑)．”Anothermini－sciencelessonforyou:Antioxidantsarenaturalormanmademattersthatcanhelpdelayorpreventsometypesofcelldamage.They'reoftenfoundinfruitsandvegetables.Alotoftheaspectsofmodernlife—ourdiet,lifestyleandenvironmentalfactorslikepollution,cancauseoxidativestress.Overtime,oxidativestressweakenscellandtissuesandcanleaveyoumoreeasilytocertainhealthissuesincludingcancer.And,asbeautymarketersarekeenlyaware,oxidativestresscanalsospeeduptheagingprocess.Nowthatyouknowfreeradicalscanweakenyourhealth,you'reprobablywonderingifthereareanywaystopreventthemfromformingoratleasttominimizetheirnegativeeffects.1．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph1?A．Explaintheprocessofaging.B．Statetheformationoffreeradicals.C．Introducethetopicoffreeradicals.D．Describetheharmofantiagingcream.2．Whichofthefollowingdofreeradicalsreferto?A．Unpairedelectrons.B．Steadyatoms.C．Replacementsofatoms.D．Functionsofelectrons.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutantioxidantsfromthetext?A．Theyhaveneverbeenfoundinnature.B．Theydoharmtocells,proteinsandDNA.C．Theycanslowdownthedamageofsomecells.D．Theyalwayskeepbalancewithfreeradicals.4．Whatwilltheauthorprobablytellusnext?A．Whatexactlyoxidativestressis.B．Howbeautymarketerspromotesales.C．Whereavarietyofdiseasescomefrom.D．Whetherfreeradicalscanbeprevented.七選五Chefstypicallytoss(拋)thefryingfoodintotheairfromdeep,roundedpansorwoksbeforecatchingitagain.Launchingriceanditsfixingsallowsacheftocookitoverreallyhotflameswithoutburning.Attimes,temperaturesinapancanreach1,200Celsius.__1__Scientistsfoundthatthechefsreliedonaspecificpatternofmotion.Andtheyrepeatedthosemotionsaboutthreetimesasecond.__2__Atthesametimethewokwasrockedtoandfro.Thechefsusedtheedgeofthestovetopasafulcrum(支點)onwhichtobalanceastheyrockedit.Chefsusesimilarlycomplexpatternsofmovementtocookupotherfoods.__3__Scientistsusedacomputertosimulate(模仿)thetracksofricethatwouldoccurinawokandmoveinvariousways.Alongtheway,thescientistshitonsomekeycookingtips.Therockingandslidingmotionsshouldn'tbedoneatthesametime.__4__Also,thewok'smovementsshouldrepeatrapidly.Movingthewokevenfastercouldlaunchthericehigher.Thatmightallowcookingathighertemperaturesandperhapsaquickermeal.__5__ChefsatChineserestaurantscanstrugglewithshoulderpain,studieshaveshown.Rapidlyshakingtheirheavywokscouldbepartoftheproblem.Onesolutionmightbeastir-fryingrobot.Itcouldbebuiltbasedontheirnewfoundresultstotaketheweightoffchefs'shoulders.A．Butfastershakingmaybehardonachef.B．Tomakefriedricelikeaprofessional,usescience.C．Iftheyare,thericewon'tmixwellandcouldburn.D．Eachrepetitionincludedslidingawokbackandforth.E．Cookingishardworkthatneedspatienceandperseverance.F．Thehightemperaturehelpscreatethetastieststir-friedfood.G．Theywillturnthepanquickly,forinstance,togetsmooth,flateggcakes.完形填空Atriptoabank'sATMmachineisusuallyacommonaffair.ButforJoseNunezRomaniz,his__1__onSundayisonethathewon't__2__fortherestofhislife.The19－year－oldcollegestudentwasmakinga__3__forMother'sDayonlinewhenhenoticedhisaccountbalance(存款余額)was__4__.Sohedrovetothenearestbanktodepositmoney.Littledidheknowthathewasabouttomakeanincredible__5__.Whenhearrived,Josenoticedaplasticbagonthegroundfilledwithcash,whichturnedouttobe$135，000.“WhenIfirstsawit,Iwasvery__6__，notknowingwhattodo，”JosetoldtheNewYorkTimes.Aftertakingamomentto__7__himself,Josecalledthepolice.Andthepolicesoondiscoveredthatthemoneyhad__8__beenleftbehindbyaworker__9__withrefillingtheATM.Thinkingthatitisthebiggestamountofmoneyeverfoundand__10__inAlbuquerquehistory,themayorandthepolicechiefheldaceremonytohonorJose's__11__.And,perhapsbestofall,thepolicechiefinvitedJoseto__12__ajobasapublicserviceaidforthedepartment__13__hisgraduation.ForJose,itwasthebestgiftforMother'sDay.“Mothercalledme__14__shealmoststartedcryingexcitedly...ShetoldmeIdidtherightthingandthatshewas__15__ofwhatIdid，”saidJose.A.plan B．experiment C.visit D．show2．A.enjoy B．forget C.imagine D．face3．A.purchase B．survey C.wish D．decision4．A.full B．clear C.inaccurate D．low5．A.offer B．promise C.profit D．discovery6．A.shocked B．amused C.excited D．satisfied7．A.teach B．disturb C.collect D．challenge8．A.carefully B．accidentally C.deliberately D．nervously9．A.continued B．charged C.armed D．tasked10．A.returned B．saved C.lost D．exchanged11．A.confidence B．honesty C.bravery D．appreciation12．A.holdup B．adaptto C.waitfor D．applyfor13．A.although B．before C.after D．until14．A.or B．and C.so D．but15．A.proud B．considerate C.worthy D．sure語法填空Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—__1__(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon'sfarsideis__2__(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon'sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot__3__itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular__4__(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山),moreso__5__thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang'e-4__6__(find)and