2022海淀區(qū)高考英語(yǔ)完形填空和閱理暑假自練(3)及答案

閱讀下列四篇短文，從每小題后所給的A,B,C或D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Businessesarewitnessingadifficulttime,whichhasinturnproducedinfluenceonconsumers’desiretogogreen.However,shoppersarestilllayingstressonenvironmentalconcerns.Twothirdsofcustomerssaythatenvironmentalconsiderationsinformtheirpurchasestothesamedegreeastheydidayearago,whilemorethanaquartersaythattheyarenowevenbetterawareoftheenvironmentaleffectonwhattheybuy.Thismayhelptoinfluencehowshopsstoregoodsontheirshelves.Andthecompaniesshouldstillmakeeffortstobecomemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.Twooutofthreepeoplethinkitisimportanttobuyfromenvironmentallyresponsiblecompanies,withaboutoneinsevensayingthattheyhadevendecidedtotaketheircustomelsewhereiftheyfeltacompany’senvironmentalreputationwasnotgoodenough.HarryMorrison,chiefexecutive(主管)oftheCarbonTrust,sympathizes:“Iunderstandthissituationwheresurvivalisveryimportantnow.Butfromenvironmentalconsiderations,theclockisticking—wedon’thavemuchtime.Inaddition,cuttingcarbonhasanimmediateeffectascostsdropandamedium-termbenefitforthebrand.”Largercompanieshaveanextramotivationtolookatreducingtheircarbonfootprint,asnewrulesnextyearwillrequirebusinessestobuycarbonallowancestomakeupfortheiremissions(排放).Thosethathavetakenearlyactionwillhaveaheadstart.Morethantwothirdsofconsumersarenotclearaboutwhichcompaniesareenvironmentallyresponsible.Thissuggeststhatfirmsthatareabletorelayclearlytheirmessagetothepublicwillbeinapolepositiontoattractshoppers.TheCarbonTrustbelievesthatitcanhelpbyinformingcustomersaboutthegoodworkcompaniesaredoing.“Whencompaniesaregranted(授予)thestandard,theycanusealogo(標(biāo)識(shí))inalltheirmarketingwhichmakesitclearthattheyareworkingtowardscuttingemissions,”Mr.Morrisonsaid.1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Businessesarefindingwaystosendtheirmessagetotheshoppers.B.Companieswillsoongetinformationaboutcuttingcarbonemissions.C.Firmsaremakingeffortstoencouragecustomerstokeepgoodsathome.D.Firmsareurgedtocutcarbonemissionsbyshoppers’environmentalawareness.2.Theunderlinedword“inform”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.affectB.changeC.disturbD.reject3.AccordingtoHarryMorrison,businesses.A.willbenefitfromcuttingcarbonemissionsB.shouldbuycarbonallowancesforshoppersC.arerequiredtomakeupfortheircarbonemissionsD.haveencouragedshopperstotaketheircustomelsewhere4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatbusinesseswill.A.haveastrongdesiretoreducecostsB.usethesamelogointheirmarketingC.gainadvantagesbytakingearlyactionD.attractmoreshoppersbystoringgoods【參考答案】1-4DAAC【山東省菏澤市2022高考英語(yǔ)一模試題】完形填空。閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Xinxin,a12-year-oldstudentfromBeijing,enjoyedhiswintervacationwithhisfatherinSingapore.Duringtheirvisit,heevenhadthechanceto11someofSingapore'ssightsbyhimself12hisfatherwasbusywithotherthings.Xinxin’sfirstadventure13inSingaporewasatawaterparkneartheirhotel.Heenjoyedswimmingand14intothewaterbyhimself,andthenreturnedtothehotelbeforeatimeintheeveningthatwas15TheboyalsomadeatriptoUniversalStudiosSingapore16aguardian.Hehadalreadybeentotheparkwithhisfathertwotimesduringthetrip.Xinxinvolunteeredtomakehis17tripbyhimself.Hisfathergavehimsomepocketmoneytobuylunch,andthenXinxinrodetheshuttlefromtheirhoteltothestudios.Hespentawholedaythereandhada18InaninterviewwithBeijingEveningNews,Xinxin’sfathersaidthat19hewastoobusytospendallhistimewithhisson,hedecidedtogivehimtheopportunitytodevelopasenseof20.HadXinxin’smotherbeenthere,shewouldnothaveletXinxinoutofhersight,thefathercommented.11.A.study B.explore C.test D.measure12.A.while B.until C.before D.unless13.A.along B.alive C.alone D.lonely14.A.floating B.surfing C.driving D.diving15.A.made B.set C.decided D.asked16.A.under B.behind C.with D.without17.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth18.A.terrible B.miserable C.fantastic D.flexible19.A.though B.since C.if D.when20.A.independence B.daring C.pride D.diligence【參考答案】11—15BACDB16—20DCCBA第1模塊完形填空模塊導(dǎo)讀（3）探究點(diǎn)二對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查形容詞、副詞是高考完形填空題重要的考查內(nèi)容。形容詞可以修飾名詞；副詞主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。廣東高考完形填空考查的副詞有相當(dāng)一部分是方式副詞(表示行為動(dòng)作發(fā)生方式的副詞)。重點(diǎn)把握以下兩類(lèi)副詞：1．由形容詞加后綴ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如slowly(漸漸地),politely(有禮貌地),proudly(傲慢地),carelessly(馬虎地),properly(適當(dāng)?shù)?，完全?,successfully(成功地)，badly(嚴(yán)峻地，格外)等。2．由分詞加后綴ly構(gòu)成的副詞，如surprisingly(使人驚異的是),hurriedly(匆忙地),undoubtedly(無(wú)疑，必定)等。做題時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)留意：1．形容詞、副詞的基本意義、引申意義例1Thathisonlysonwaskilledinacaraccidentwasa__________blowtotheoldman.A．heavyB．broadC．hugeD．main【解析】A老人唯一的兒子在車(chē)禍中喪生對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)是沉重的打擊。這里的heavy意思是“猛烈的，沉重的”。例2Shehastheabilitytokeep________inanemergency.A．quietB．calmC．stillD．silent【解析】B我們不妨從這幾個(gè)表示“靜”的反義詞的角度來(lái)加以辨析。calm對(duì)應(yīng)wild,指海上無(wú)浪，心情穩(wěn)定；still對(duì)應(yīng)moving,指不動(dòng)；silent對(duì)應(yīng)wordy,指不出聲；quiet對(duì)應(yīng)noisy,指安靜，無(wú)噪音。由句意可知應(yīng)選B。例3Mr.Smithusedtosmoke________buthehasgivenitup.A．seriouslyB．heavilyC．badlyD．hardly【解析】BMr.Smith以前抽煙抽得很兇，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)戒掉了。這里的heavily指的是量大，次數(shù)頻繁。例4Thefinalscoreofthebasketballmatchwas93∶94.Wewereonly________beaten.A．nearlyB．slightlyC．narrowlyD．lightly【解析】C副詞narrowly在此表示“牽強(qiáng)地”。句意：籃球賽的最終比分是93∶94。我們以微弱的劣勢(shì)輸?shù)袅烁?jìng)賽。例5Itisalwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,________ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A．extremelyB．naturallyC．basicallyD．especially【解析】D留意把握詞語(yǔ)的精確含義，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境進(jìn)行分析。extremely極端地；naturally自然地；basically基本上；especially尤其，特殊地。例6Shedevotedherself________toherresearchanditearnedheragoodreputationinherfield.A．stronglyB．extremelyC．entirelyD．freely【解析】Cstrongly猛烈地；extremely極端地，格外；entirely全部地，完全地；freely自由地。依據(jù)句意，C項(xiàng)最符合。2．同、近義形容詞、副詞的區(qū)分在對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查中，有時(shí)會(huì)遇到同義、近義詞的辨析。辨析時(shí)，單從漢語(yǔ)意思上有時(shí)是無(wú)法辨清的。我們要逆向思維，接受反義對(duì)比、分析構(gòu)詞等方法，使語(yǔ)義一目了然。例7WhenItookhistemperature,itwastwodegreesabove________.A．a(chǎn)verageB．ordinaryC．regularD．normal例8Letterboxesaremuchmore________intheUKthanintheUS,wheremostpeoplehaveamailboxinstead.A．CommonB．NormalC．ordinaryD．usual例9It’sinthe________interestthatweshouldhaveawellrunhealthservice.A．ordinaryB．generalC．ParticularD．usual例10Now,inourcountry,freemedicaltreatmentcoverssicknessofmindaswellas________sickness.A．normalB．a(chǎn)verageC．ordinaryD．regular【解析】7.D8.A9.B10.C這組題目主要涉及ordinary,usual,common和normal等詞語(yǔ)的辨析。要辨清這幾個(gè)中文意義格外相近的詞的用法，我們不妨來(lái)個(gè)逆向思維，從它們的反義詞上去查找一些“蛛絲馬跡”：ordinary—special(特殊的)；general—specific,particular(具體的，個(gè)體的)；common—rare(少見(jiàn)的)；normal—abnormal(不正常的)。從反義詞的角度，把同義、近義詞作對(duì)比，它們的區(qū)分便一目了然。3．形容詞與介詞的搭配例11Thismagazineisvery________withyoungpeople,wholikeitscontentandstyle.A．familiarB．popularC．similarD．particular【解析】Bbefamiliarwith生疏；bepopularwith受……歡迎；besimilarto與……相像(留意不搭配介詞with)；beparticularabout對(duì)……很講究(不搭配介詞with)。4．副詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配例12I________recognizethedifficultsituationthecompanyisin.A．StronglyB．deeplyC．sincerelyD．fully【解析】D留意記憶一些常用表達(dá)，如deeplyregret深感圓滿；fullyrecognize完全認(rèn)清；sincerelyhope由衷地期望；stronglyrecommend猛烈建議。5．語(yǔ)境對(duì)形容詞、副詞的考查，側(cè)重語(yǔ)境考查占較大比重。解答此類(lèi)題目時(shí)不僅要理解形容詞和副詞的詞義，而且對(duì)語(yǔ)境的正確理解更為重要。所以，要依據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇與短文所描述的情景或敘述的人、物、大事的性質(zhì)、特征等有關(guān)的形容詞或副詞，選擇與短文前后敘述的話題、主題、中心內(nèi)容相關(guān)的形容詞或副詞。例13Thecommitteeisdiscussingtheproblemrightnow.Itwill________havebeensolvedbytheendofnextweek.A．eagerly．hopefullyC．immediatelyＤ．gradually【解析】B既然“現(xiàn)在正在爭(zhēng)辯”，那么這個(gè)問(wèn)題在確定時(shí)間內(nèi)得到解決是“有期望的”。比較四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，你會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)A、C、D在規(guī)律上都講不通，可知答案是B。例14Attimes,worryingisanormal,________responsetoadifficulteventorsituation—alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A．effectiveB．individualC．inevitableD．unfavorable【解析】C分析題干的語(yǔ)境可知，既然“worrying”是對(duì)困難的一種正常反應(yīng)，那么這種現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生就是自然的，也是“不行避開(kāi)的”。閱讀理解。Theinternetwillopenupnewvistas(前景)，createtheglobalvillage—youcanmakenewfriendsallaroundtheworld.That，atleast,iswhatitpromisedus.Thedifficultyisthatitdidnottakethehumanmindintoaccount.Therealityisthatwecannotkeeprelationshipwithmorethanalimitednumberofpeople.Nomatterhowhardtheinternettriestoputyouincommunication,itsbesteffortswillbedefeatedbyyourmind.Theproblemistwofold(雙重的)．First,thereisalimitonthenumberofpeoplewecanholdinmindandhaveameaningfulrelationshipwith.Thatnumberisabout150andissetbythesizeofourbrain.Second,thequalityofyourrelationshipsdependsontheamountoftimeyouinvest(投入)inthem.Weinvestalotinasmallnumberofpeopleandthendistributewhat'sleftamongasmanyothersaswecan.Theproblemisthatifweinvestlittletimeinaperson,ourengagementwiththatpersonwilldecline(減弱)untileventuallyitdiesinto“someoneIonceknew”．Thisisnot,ofcourse,tosaythattheinternetdoesn'tserveasociallyvaluablefunction.Ofcourseitdoes.Butthequestionisnotthatitallowsyoutoincreasethesizeofyoursocialcircletoincludetherestoftheworld,butthatyoucankeepyourrelationshipswithyourexistingfriendsgoingeventhoughyouhavetomovetotheothersideoftheworld.Inonesense,that'sagoodthing.Butitalsohasadisadvantage.Ifyoucontinuetoinvestinyouroldfriendseventhoughyoucannolongerseethem,thencertainlyyouaren'tusingyourtimetomakenewfriendswhereyounowlive.AndIsuspectthatprobablyisn'tthebestuseofyourtime.Meaningfulrelationshipsareaboutbeingabletocommunicatewitheachother,facetoface.Theinternetwillslowdowntheratewithwhichrelationshipsend,butitwon'tstopthathappeningeventually.一般認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)在讓人與人溝通方面起到了格外重要的作用。而本文作者對(duì)此卻持懷疑態(tài)度。他認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)在加強(qiáng)人與人之間的關(guān)系方面并沒(méi)有起到應(yīng)有的作用。17．Whatisstressedinthefirstparagraph?A．Thepresentsituationoftheinternet.B．Thedifficultyincommunicationontheinternet.C．Thesociallyvaluablefunctionoftheinternet.D．Theroleofthehumanmindintheinternetcommunication.答案：D。主旨大意題。由文章第一段特殊是最終一句“Nomatterhowhardtheinternettr