2021重慶合川市高考英語(五月)閱讀理解專題自練及參考答案13

閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文,從給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項。ThefirstEuropeanscametoAmericain1492withChristopherColumbus.SincethattimepeoplehavecometoAmericafromallovertheworld,fromEurope,Africa,andAsia,andtheyhavebroughttheirmusicwiththem.ThismixingofpeopleandmusichascreatedAmericanmusic.Musicisaveryimportantpartofourlives.Musicisfordancing,drinking,eating,loving,andthinking.Somesongsremindusofourchildhoodoryouth.Othersremindofthepeopletheylove.Manyimportantoccasions,likeweddingsandfuneralshavespecialmusic.EverynationhasanationalsongliketheAmerican“TheStar-SpangledBanner”.IntheUShighschoolsandcollegeshaveschoolsongstoo.MusicisapartofthehistoryofAmerica.Itexpressestheproblemsandfeelingsofitspeople.Astheyearspass,themusicgrowsandchanges.Modernsciencehasalsochangedmusic.Inventionslikerecords,radios,movies,electricinstruments,taperecorders,andvideoshavechangedthewayweplayandlistentomusic.Theyhavehelpedtomakemusicanimportantformofinternationalcommunication.Americanmusic,fromtheearliestfolksongstomodern“pop”，isknownaroundtheworld.MusicisoneofAmerica'smostimportantexports.Itbringsthepeopleoftheworldtogether.Evenwhenpeoplecannotunderstandthesamelanguage,theycansharethesamemusic.ManypeoplelearnandpractiseEnglishbysingingsong.UnderstandingAmericanmusiccanhelpyouunderstandAmericanpeople,theirhistoryandculture.So,asthesongsays,“putadime(10cents)inthejukebox(自動點唱機),baby.Let'slistentothemusic！”1．Thearticlemainlytellsusabout________.A．howAmericanmusicdevelopedB．whenAmericanmusicdevelopedC．whatAmericanmusicisD．whyAmericanmusicissopopular答案：A全文主要敘述了美國音樂的進展歷程及現(xiàn)狀，故A項最佳。2．Fromthetextweknowthat________.A．AmericanmusichasspreadallovertheworldB．Americanmusicbeganinthe1550sC．AmericanmusicisspecialD．AmericanmusichaschangedmodernscienceintheUS答案：A文章倒數(shù)其次段第一句“Americanmusic...mostimportantexports.”可知美國音樂已被全世界的人知曉。音樂是美國最重要的出口產(chǎn)品。3．Thesixthparagraphprobablymeansthat________.A．AmericanmusicisverypopularB．AmericanmusicisknowntopeopleallovertheworldC．AmericanmusiccanhelpusunderstandAmericanpeople,historyandcultureD．Americanmusicisimportantinourlives答案：C文章倒數(shù)其次段最終一句話“Manypeoplelearnand...helpyouunderstandAmericanpeople,theirhistoryandculture.”可知美國音樂掛念我們了解美國人、美國歷史和美國文化。4．Americanmusicis________.A．fordancing,drinking,eating,lovingandthinkingB．a(chǎn)mixtureofpeopleandmusicfromallovertheworldC．a(chǎn)nimportantformofinternationalcommunicationD．a(chǎn)partofthehistoryoftheworld答案：B由文章第一段可知世界各地的人們移民到美國并帶去了他們的音樂。這些音樂混合起來構成了美國音樂。5．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．OnlymodernAmericanmusicisworld-famous.B．Ifpeopledon'tunderstandthesamelanguage,theydon'tunderstandthesamemusic.C．ManypeoplelearnEnglishbyenjoyingAmericansongs.D．IfyouwanttounderstandAmericanhistoryandcultureyoumustunderstandAmericanmusic.答案：C由文章第六段可知人們可以通過觀賞美國歌曲來學習英語，故C項最佳。同樣由此段可推斷B，D項是錯誤的。【2022高考英語廣東省華僑中學四?！緿AteamofengineersatHarvard“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”41.Theroboticflyprojecthasbeenconducted__________.A.justbyaccident B.withinadecadeC.justbyaprofessor D.formorethantenyears42.Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.A.theyhadnomodelintheirmind B.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnoready-madecomponents D.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents43.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication44.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFly B.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsect D.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudy【參考答案】41-45.DCBDC【2022高考英語四川省涼山州一模試題】EWhenIwasaboy,myfathertoldmethathecoulddoanythinghewantedto.Dadsaidthathewantedtobethefirsttodevelopcolorprintsinourcity,andsohedid.WhenIwas16,DadlookedcloselyattheviolinIplayedandannouncedthathewantedtomakeone.Hereadaboutviolinmaking,andthenbecameaviolinmakerattheageof43.Heboughtthetoolsandmaterials,openedasmallstoreandsetMomupastheshopkeeper,whileheworkedatalocalcompany.Heretiredfromthecompany17yearslaterandcontinuedtomakeviolinsandotherinstrumentsDadoftenguessedwhytheStradivariusviolinssoundsobeautiful.Someexpertsclaimedthatitwastheuniquevarnish（油漆）thatgavethoseinstrumentstheirbeautifulsound.Dad娜edthatchemistscouldanalyzethevarnish-ifthatweretheanswer.OneofDad’sfriendsaskedhimoncewhichkindofwoodwasusedtomakeviolins.WhenDadexplainedthatthetopwasmadeofspruce（云杉），hisfriendsaidthathehadanoldpieceofspruceDadmightbeinterestedin.Heworkedforthenext12monthsmakingaviolinfromthewoodthathisfriendhadgivenhim.ItprovedtobeasuperiorviolinanditwouldbecomeDad'smasterpiece.HewasconvincedthatthesecretoftheStradivariussoundwasinthewooditself.Later,theinstrumentwasstolenDad'sspiritwasbrokenbytherobbery,andhestoppedmakinginstruments.Buthekeptthemusicshopuntilhewas80yearsold,sellingguitarsandviolins.Myfatherhasbeengonefor14yearsnow.Theviolinhasbeenmissingformorethan25years.Somewhereamusicianisplayingalate20thcenturyviolinwithanexcellenttone.Theownertodaymayneverunderstandwhythisordinary-lookingviolinsoundssomuchlikeaStradivarius47.Theauthormentionshisfather'sdevelopingcolorprintsto．A.showthathisfather'srealinterestwasnotinmakingviolinsB.provethathisfathercoulddoanythinghewantedtoC.giveanexampleprovingthathisfatherwasaninventorD.describetherealthingthatmadetheauthorbelievehisfather48.Whatdidtheauthor'sfatherthinkaboutStradivariusviolins?A.Thevarnishwasdifferentfromtheothers.B.Thewayofmakingthemwasspecial.C.Thewoodoftheviolinswasspecial.D.Theycouldonlybeanalyzedbychemists49.Howlongdidtheauthor'sfatherliveaftertheviolinwasstolen?AboutyearsA.11B.14C.2550.Aftertherobbery,hisfather'sreflectionshowsheA.likedtheviolinverymuchB.lostinterestininstrumentsC.didn'twanttobecomefamousD.didn'ttrustpeopleanymoreafterthat【參考答案】46、D47—50、BCAAPassage4Developmentofawidelyacceptedchronologyforthearrivalofhumanshasbeenequallydifficult,anditwasonlywiththedevelopmentofopticallystimulatedluminescencedatingthatahumanpresenceinAustraliawasconfirmedat53,000to60,000yearsago.OlderdatesforahumanpresenceinAustraliahavenowbeenshowntobeerroneous.TheimportanceofAustraliaasaseparatenaturallaboratoryinwhichtotestextinctiontheoriesliesinthefactthathumansarrivedtheremuchearlierthantheyarrivedintheothercontinentalareas(theAmericasandnorthernEurasia)thatexperiencedsubstantialmegafaunalextinction.WhatMilleretal.haveshownisthattheextinctionofGenyornisoccurredsimultaneouslyacrosssoutheasternAustralia(indeedprobablyrightacrossthecontinent)about50,000yearsago.ThisisveryclosetothepresentlyacceptedtimeofarrivalofhumansinAustralia.Itwasalsoaperiodofmodestclimatechange,wellbeforethedramaticclimaticfluctuationsoftheterminalPleistocene.ThedataofMilleretal.,therefore,supportthosewhoseehumanhuntingratherthanclimateascausingtheextinctionofthemegafauna.Genyorniswasaponderousbird,around80to100kginweight,abouttwiceasheavyasthelivingemuandcassowary.ItwasaninhabitantofAustraliasinlandplainsandsomecoastalregions,butitslegswererelativelyshortandthick,suggestionthatitwasaslowerrunnerthantheemu.Proponentsofhumancausedextinctionsuggestthatitisjustsuchcharacteristicsthatmadethemegafaunavulnerabletohumanhunting.Anewschoolofthoughthasrecentlyestablisheditselfintheextinctiondebate.Itadvocatestheideathatacombinationofhumanimpactandclimatechangewasresponsiblefortheextinctionoftheworldsmegafauna.ThenewGenyornisdataalsoweakenthatargument,forthefollowingreason.Fiftythousandyearsago,Australiawasexperiencingmildcooling;11,000to12,000yearsago,theAmericaswereexperiencingrapidwarming.Thesedisparateclimaticconditions,allcoincidentwithmegafaunalextinction,suggestthatwhateverwashappeningwithclimate,itwasbadforthebiganimals.Undertheseconditions,thehybridmodelbecomesindistinguishablefromthehumancausedextinctionmodelfortheinfluenceofclimatebecomesextremelyweak,andonlythearrivalofhumansisimportantinpredictingextinction.66.Thelastword“megafauna”inParagraph2mostprobablymeansAbirds.Bplants.Cbiganimals.Dsmallanimals.67.GenyorniswasvulnerabletohumanhuntingbecauseitwasAadelicacy.Bveryweak.Cverysmallinsize.Dclumsy.68.HowmanymodelshavebeenputforwardfortheextinctionofGenyoris?AOne.BTwo.CThree.DFour.69.ThatAustraliaexperiencedmildcoolingandtheAmericasrapidwarmingsuggeststhatAtheclimaticconditionswereunfitforGenyornistolive.BGenyorniswerehighlyadaptabletodifferentclimaticconditions.CThetwoclimaticconditionswerebothbadforGenyornis.DTheclimaticconditionshadnothingtodowiththeextinctionofGenyoris.70.TheselectionismainlyaboutAthedebateoverthetimeofthehumanpresenceinAustralia.Btherelationshipbetweenthehumanpresenceandmagafaunalextinction.Ctherelationshipbetweenhumanactivitiesandclimaticchanges.Dthedebateoverfactorscausingmegafaunalextinction.Passage466.【正確答案】［Cbiganimals.【本題考點】詞語釋義題?！驹囶}精解】考生假如有確定的構詞法學問一眼就可看出該題的答案。“mega”在英文中指“big”；fauna指“animals”，明顯［C為正確答案?？忌偃鐩]有這方面的學問，也可以利用上下文來推斷。作者在提到megafauna后緊接著提到了Genyornis,在第三段開頭對其進行了描述：“Genyorniswasaponderousbird,around80to100kginweight,abouttwiceasheavyasthelivingemuandcassowary.”足見其大?！究键c出處】其次段末句，但對該詞的推斷卻應聯(lián)系上下文。67.【正確答案】［Dclumsy.【本題考點】細節(jié)推斷題。【試題精解】第三段中指出“itissuchcharacteristicsthatmadethemegafaunavulnerabletohumanhunting”“suchcharacteristics”指的是其“heavy,shortandthick”,即“clumsy”?！究键c出處】依據(jù)第三段其次句可知它的腿短而粗，跑得慢，［D項clumsy“笨拙的”與句意全都。68.【正確答案】［CThree.【本題考點】細節(jié)推斷題?！驹囶}精解】文中共提到了三種：（1）Humanhunting;（2）Climate;（3）Humanimpactandclimatechange?！究键c出處】其次、三、四段中。69.【正確答案】［DTheclimaticconditionshadnothingtodowiththeextinctionofGenyoris.【本題考點】