地道英語(yǔ)寫作教程（上冊(cè)）答案已經(jīng)修改

Unit11.（1）beneficial（2）good（3）profitable（4）healthful（5）healthy2.Omitted3.smug:沾沾自喜的，自鳴得意的，表現(xiàn)出對(duì)自己或自己的處境令人反感的滿意與自以為是的自大。這個(gè)詞體現(xiàn)出小鎮(zhèn)人過(guò)度的自我滿足，具有很強(qiáng)的諷刺意味。如果用satisfied,content等詞就表達(dá)不出這個(gè)效果來(lái)。placid:強(qiáng)調(diào)的是安靜、不被外界打擾，而且有自滿、自足的意思。這個(gè)詞進(jìn)一步描寫出小鎮(zhèn)人自我知足、與世隔絕的狀態(tài)。bake一詞的應(yīng)用形象地強(qiáng)調(diào)了夏日太陽(yáng)的灼熱和干燥。4.cracktownon→crackdownonlakeallowancesfor→makeallowanceforkeepabreastwith→keepabreastoffardryfromperfection→moredrythanperfectionsin→thin5.Nounphrasesrelaxation,entertainment,andeducation;pressure,challenges,orconcentration;CasablancaorSleepless;first-runmovies,rockandclassicalmusicconcerts,andspecializedsportsevents;colors,numbers,andletters;Verbphraseswecanusetelevisiontorelax,tohavefun,andtomakeourselvessmarter;toaccessandlearnfromalltheinformationresourcesontheInternet;buyorrentmoviestoshowontheirtelevisionsetsthroughDVDplayersorVCRs;seeandhear;weliketocriticizeitandsearchforitsflaws;Mixedphrasessoothingandrestful;leavesviewersrefreshedandreadytotakeontheworldagainUnit21)12simplesentences(簡(jiǎn)單句),4complexsentences(復(fù)合句),5compoundsentences(并列句)；如語(yǔ)篇所示，2)Moresimplesentencesthantheotherareusedintheessay.Agoodcompanionisbetterthanafortune,forafortunecannotpurchasethoseelementsofcharacterwhichmakecompanionshipablessing（并列）.Thebestcompanionisonewhoiswiserandbetterthanourselves,forweareinspiredbyhiswisdomandvirtuetonoblerdeeds（并列復(fù)合）.Greaterwisdomandgoodnessthanwepossessliftsushighermentallyandmorally.（簡(jiǎn)單句）“Amanisknownbythecompanionhekeeps.”（簡(jiǎn)單)Itisalwaystrue.(簡(jiǎn)單)Companionshipofahighorderispowerfultodevelopcharacter.簡(jiǎn)單Charactermakescharacterintheassociationsoflifefasterthananythingelse.(簡(jiǎn)單)Puritybegetspurity,likebegetslike;andthisfactmakesthechoiceofcompanioninearlylifemoreimportanteventhanthatofteachersandguardians(并列)Itistruethatwecannotalwayschooseallofourcompanions,somearethrustuponusbybusinessorthesocialrelationsoflife,wedonotchoosethem,wedonotenjoythem;andyet,wehavetoassociatewiththemmoreorless.(復(fù)合)Theexperienceisnotaltogetherwithoutcompensation,iftherebeprincipleenoughinustobearthestrain.(復(fù)合)Still,inthemain,choiceofcompanionscanbemade,andmustbemade.(簡(jiǎn)單)Itisnotbestornecessaryforayoungpersontoassociatewith“Tom,Dick,andHarry”withoutforethoughtorpurpose.(簡(jiǎn)單)Somefixedrulesaboutthecompanyheorshekeepsmustbeobserved.(簡(jiǎn)單)Thesubjectshouldbeuttermostinthethoughts,andcanvassedoften.(簡(jiǎn)單)Companionshipiseducation,goodornot;itdevelopsmanhoodorwomanhood,highorlow;itliftssoulupwardordragsitdownward;itministertovirtueorvice.(并列)Thereisnohalfwayworkaboutitsinfluence.(簡(jiǎn)單)Ifitennobles,itdoesgrandly,ifitdemoralizes,itdoesn’titdevilishly.(復(fù)合)Itsavesordestroyslustily.(簡(jiǎn)單)Nothingintheworldissurerthanthis.(簡(jiǎn)單)Sowvirtue,andtheharvestwillbevirtue,Sowvice,andtheharvestwillbevice.(并列)Goodcompanionshiphelpsustosowvirtue;evilcompanionshiphelpsustosowvice.(并列)2.（1）Whensomebodyshowsup,hetellsyoutocomerightin.（2）Thecommunicationisbuiltonahigh-speedtrackforsocietyislinkedbythosesmartsciences.（3）Ifapersonisobese,he/sheshouldconsiderchangingtheirdietandlifestyle,ratherthandoingaliposuction.（4）Peoplecannotavoidmakingunknownmistakes,however,wecanchoosethecorrectattitudetowardsthem.（5）Ifyoualwayshelpothersintrouble,thesocietywillbecomewarmerandmoreharmonious.3.（1）Gradually,thecouplearefedupwitheachother,whichleadstoanextramaritalaffair.（2）Peoplewhoarehavinganaffairshowsnorespectforhisorhermate.（3）Smileisreallymeaningful.Soneverforgettosmile.（4）Blindnessisastatebothphysicallyandmentally.（5）What’sworse,someofthemhavedonesomethingdangerouswhichthreatensoursafetyoflifeandproperty.（6）Thisisanurgentproblem.（7）Ontheonehand,nomatterhowgoodqualityacigaretteownsorhowexpensiveitis,onethingremainsthatplentyofpoisonoussubstancesareencompassedinitsuchasnicotine,tarandcadmium.（8）Itisbecausethewealthypeoplehavemorepowerandmoneytobereleasedonbailandhavemuchknowledgeoftakingadvantageoftheloopholeinlawwhichleavesthepoorandracialminoritiesinadisadvantageposition.（9）Butwedonotcometoschooljustforstudying.（10）Oneofusneedtohaveanewdimensiontoit.4.（1）and（2）so（3）otherwise（4）and(5)but5.①Thestudentswereprotesting,sothereportwascanceled.②Flyingisrelativelysafebecauseairtrafficiscloselycontrolled.③Tigerswerecommonlong,longtimeago,buttheyarenowincreasinglyrare.④Obviously,judgingapersonisextremelycomplexduetovariousunreliablefactors.⑤Thecommunicationisbuiltonahigh-speedtrackbecausesocietyislinkedbythosesmartsciences.Unit31.(1)Thepresidenthasmadethefollowingannouncement:studentswhoneedfinancialassistancemayapplyattheStudentAffairsOffice.(2)Asthesayinggoes,“Nopain,nogain.”Soifyouprepareinadvance,youwillsucceed.(3)GlancingthroughthepaperentitledWhyNotPlayTruant,Mr.Smithfrownedangrily.(4)Theprofessorsaid,“Confuciussays,‘Donotimposeonotherswhatyoudonotdesireyourself.’Thisisaverygoodprincipleofmoralconduct.”(5)SeventeenyearsagothismonthIquitwork,or,ifyouprefer,Iretiredfrombusiness.(6)MollyHerman,wholivesnextdoor,gotaraise.(7)Iwaitedforhim;moreover,Isavedhimaseat.(8)SheenjoysreadingShakespeare’splaysandhasreadHamlet,RomeoandJuliet,KingLearandTheVerchantofVenice.(9)Theyunlockedthecabinandcarriedinourfurniture:acouch,fourchairs,atable,andtwobeds.(10)Thedungeon(reallythebasement)hauntedus.2.(1)Thisnewcreationwillmakethepeopleabletojailbreaktheirdeviceseasily,andmoreoverthissoftwarewillunlocksomenewfeatures.(2)Nevertheless,weallknowthatperformanceisakeyingredientofprogramming.(3)ThisisyournewmanagerJack.(4)Itisbecauseoursparetimeisverylimited.(5)Forthesourceofpressure,mostoftime,isthatataskshouldbefinishedinshorttime.(6)Aslongasbeingarationalconsumer,thewasteofmoneycanbeavoided,andthenmoneycanbesavedbynormalexpenses.(7)Eventherewillbe,thecontentthathasbeenlearnedinmiddleschoolisprettyenoughforthem.(8)Lifeisabigcontainer;wehavetogetalongwithothersbutalsoourselves.(9)Thedistanceyouridelonger,andthepriceishigher.(10)Myfriendsboughtalotofgiftsforme,suchasbooks,flowers,CDsandtoys.(11)Lauferdoesnotexplicitlypresenteachtypeofknowledgefromtheperspectiveofreceptionversusproduction,insteadshe(1990b,2002)simplycommentsthatthesetypesofwordknowledgecouldbeactiveorpassive.3.Nowadays,itisuniversallyacceptedthattheissueofcrimesisincreasinglyserious.Butatthesametime,controversyhasarisenoverwhetherthemediashouldreportthedetailsofcrimes.Somepeopleassertthatthemediacoverageofcrimesdetailsshouldbebannedwhileothersclaimsthatsuchreportshavetheirownadvantages.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldsidewiththeformergroup.Ontheonehand,weshouldacknowledgethatreportsofcriminaldetailsmaycarrygreatrisks.Inthefirstplace,theyrendermanycitizensafraidofcrimesandworriedabouttheirownsafety.Obviously,alotofcityresidentswillfearthatthesamecrimeswillhappentothem,whichcanevenleadtoseriouspsychologicalproblems.Furthermore,mediareportsofcriminaldetailsareunfairforthevictimsofcrimes.Thevictimswhohavesufferedgreatlyfromthesecrimeswouldfeeltheywereforcedtoexperienceanightmareagain.Aboveall,potentialcriminalscanlearnfromsuchreportsdetailstoavoidmistakes,whichmayaddtothedifficultythepolicehaveincapturingcriminals.Ontheotherhand,mediareportsofcriminaldetailsmaycarrycertainbenefits.Thefundamentalreasonforthisisthatsuchreportskeepthepublicalerttocrimes.Shouldallthesereportsdisappearfromthemedia,itwouldbeveryhardforthepublictoknowaboutthecrimesoccurringinsociety.Evenso,itcanbenotedthatthenewsofcrimesspreadbythemediaisoftenexaggerated.Therefore,thepublicmayhaveahardtimedecidinghowdependableanalarmingcrimereportwouldbe.Toconclude,althoughdetailedreportsofcrimesmayhavetheirownadvantages,Ifirmlybelievethattheybringusgreatrisks.Unit41.Sportscars(requirespecificcareandprecisemaintenanceinordertokeepthemrunningwell).Tonnyprobablyis(themostirresponsiblepersonIhaveeverseen).Expertinchild-rearingagreethatchildren(needbothaffectionanddiscipline).(ibid,P106)Educationinanysocietyis(amirrorofthatsociety).EatingintheStudentCenterCafeteriais（aquitepleasantexperience）.Jazz（reflectstwocontradictoryfacetsofAmericanlife）.Infact,aturtle’sshellis(agreatworkofengineeringanddesign).ButGalileo’sgreatestinventionwas(histelescope,)whichenabledhimtomakesomesignificantcontributionstoastronomy.Wecannotexpecttogothroughlife(dependingonotherstodoourthinkingortosolveourpersonalproblems).Peopleimmigratetoanewcountry(foravarietyofpurposes).2.Keystobeopeninthispart.3.1)C2)D3)A4)C5)BUnit51.(1)a.Georgefeltaswornoutastheelbowsonhisworkshirt.b.Georgefeltaswornoutasanoldphonographrecord.c.Georgefeltwornout,likeanoldpunchingbag.d.GeorgefeltaswornoutastherustedImpalathatcarriedhimtoworkeveryday.e.Georgefeltaswornoutasanoldjokethatwasneververyfunnyinthefirstplace.f.Georgefeltwornoutanduseless--justanotherbrokenfanbelt,aburstradiatorhose,astrippedwingnut,adischargedbattery.(2)Open(3)Open(4)Open(5)Open2.NothingcanbemoreimposingthanthemagnificenceofEnglishparkscenery.Vastlawnsthatextendlikesheetsofvividgreen(simile),withhereandthereclumpsofgigantictrees,heapinguprichpilesoffoliage;thesolemnpompofgrovesandwoodlandglades,withthedeertrooping(personification)insilentherds(personification)crossthem;thehareboundingawaytothecovert;orthepheasant,suddenlyburstinguponthewing:thebrook,taughttowindinnaturalmeanderingorexpandintoaglassylake(metaphor):thesequesteredpool,reflectingthequiveringtrees,withyellowleafsleeping(personification)onitsbosom,andthetroutroamingfearlessly(personification)aboutitslimpidwaters;whilesomerustictempleorsylvanstatue,growngreenanddankwithage,givesanairofclassicsanctitytotheseclusion.Therearebutafewofthefeaturesofparkscenery….(Washington,Irving)3.(1)OntheInternet,wecansende-mailmessages,makephonecalls,readallkindsofcartoonandgotothemoviesbyourselves.(2)OntheInternetwecandoshopping,bookingticketsforthetrainortheplaneandsoon.(3)TheInternetisbotheducationalandrelaxinginourlife.(4)Itwidensstudents'knowledgeandhorizons,andmeanwhilecultivatestheirindependenceandpersonalities,andevenimprovestheirforeignlanguagecompetenceeasilyandreally.(5)Anotherbenefitofstudyingabroadiscultivatingstudents’independenceandbuildingtheircharacters.(6)Inthecontrary,thejudicialinterpretationoftheSupremePeople’sCourtengagednotonlyintheabstractinterpretation,butalsointhelawcontentamendingandinvalidating.(7)Inviewoftheactualsituation,weshouldstrengthenthesupervisionoftheNPCStandingCommitteeonJudicialInterpretation,strengtheningthelegislativeinterpretationanddevelopingLawdrafting,andamendingrevocationwork.(8)Hehastobearapportbuilderandkeeper,anactivelistener,anopenmindedandself-confidentspeaker,andsoon.(9)Sowecouldbemorelikelytomakeexerciseasaregularpartofourlives,ratherthanjusttocollapseinfrontofascreeneveryevening.(10)Butthisgoalhasbeentoodifficulttoachievetoday;theexistinglawsprioritizeeconomicgrowthratherthanprotecttheenvironment.4.(1)Iamscaredofdeath.(hyperbole)(2)LastyearOxfordUniversityfoundmeavisitingscholar.(personification)(3)Hissnoringisloudenoughtoawakethedeath.(hyperbole)(4)Thespringbreezeiskissingmyfacegently.(personification)(5)Thetreacherousseahasruinedmanyasteamer.(personification)5.(1)TheGreatWallismadeofthefleshandbloodofnumerousmeninthehistoryofChina.(synecdoche)(2)Helikestochaseskirts.(metonymy)(3)Wesixsharethesameroofinthestudents’dormitory.(synecdoche)(4)Hehadtoearnhisdailybreadbydoingoddjobs.(metonymy)(5)Thefarmswereshortofhandsduringtheharvestseason.(metonymy)6.(1)Struggleandsuccessstoriesarealwaysencouraging,inspiringandinstructing.(alliteration)(2)MaoZedongpassedawayin1976.(euphemism)(3)Optimistsfacelifebravelyinallcases:forrainorforshine,insicknessorinhealth,indifficultiesorinsmoothness.(antithesis)(4)Wehavecometodedicateaportionofthatfieldasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.(AbrahamLincoln:GettysburgAddress)(euphemism)(5)Itwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonoflight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,itwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirectofHeaven,wewereallgoingtheotherway…(CharlesDickens:ATaleofTwoCities)(antithesis)Unit61.PartⅠSeveralfriendsandIwenttoclimbasteepmountainatnight.PartⅡWithcliffyroadandlittlelight,weriskedthedangeroffallingdownthecliff.PartⅢWeweretooscaredtogoon.PartⅣWewaiteduntildaybreakandthenclimbeddown.2-4Omitted5.Itisaboutaterriblestoryofperson-killing.Yes,itis.Thenarratoristheheroofthestory,i.e.“I”.Itistoldintheorderofflashback.Theclimaxiswhentheoldmanwaskilled.Unit71-4Omitted5.EDABCFUnit81.[Note:thereareotherpossibleanswers–yoursshouldbesimilartothese,butmaynotbeexactlythesame.]Inthepast,mostwomenstayedathometotakecareofhouseworksuchascookingorcleaning.Women’sliberationhasmeantthatthissituationhasbeenchanged,andinmodernsocietywomenareplayinganalmostequalroletomeninemployment.Thishashadsignificanteffects,bothintermsofthefamily,forexamplebyimprovingqualityoflifeandincreasingchildren’ssenseofindependence,andalsoforsocietyitselfwithgreaterequalityforthesexes.Thesalaryofawomaninherlifetimeisgenerallymuchlessthanthatofaman.Shecanneverthelessmakeabigadditiontothefamilyincome.Themostimportantresultofthisisanimprovedqualityoflife.Byhelpingtokeepastablesalaryforthefamily,thepressureonthehusbandismuchreduced,henceimprovingboththehusband’sandthewife’sgoodfeeling.Additionally,thethingsthatcanbeboughtbythefamilywillalsoberaised.Thismeansthatthefamilycanhaveenoughmoneytobuymoreluxuriessuchasforeigntravelandafamilycar.Afurthereffectonthefamilyisthepromotionofindependenceinthechildren.Somemightarguethathavingbothparentsworkingmightbeharmfultothechildrenbecauseofalackofcarebyparents.However,suchchildrenhavetolearntolookafterthemselvesatanearlierage,andtheirparentsoftendependonthemtohelpwiththehousework.Asaresult,thisteachesthemimportantlifeskills.Asregardssociety,themostsignificantimpactofwomengoingtoworkisgreatersexequality.Thereareanincreasingnumberofwomenwhoarebecomingpoliticians,lawyers,andevenCEOsandcompanymanagers.Thisinturnhasledtogreaterequalityforwomeninallareasoflife,notjustemployment.Womenarenowallowedbylawtovote,theycanbeinthearmedforces,andtheyhavelegalrightstoprotectthemselvesagainsthomeviolenceorsexbotheringorunfairtreatmentatwork.Inconclusion,theincreasingnumberofwomenatworkhasbroughtaboutsomeimportantchangestofamilylife,includingimprovedqualityoflifeandincreasedindependenceforchildren,aswellasaffectingsocietyitself.Itisclearthatthesexesarestillalongwayfrombeingequalinallareasoflife,however,andperhapsthechallengeforthepresentcenturyistoensurethatthistakesplace.2.（1）Studentswhoneedextramoneycanholddownafulltimetemporaryjobduringtheirsummervacation.（2）Apersoncanalsomeetotherpeoplebygoingtoparties.（3）Inmyopinion,peopleshouldwriteclearly.3.Thisisdefinitionessay.Introduction–Yourdefinitionoffriendship.Trytobeginyouressaywithacatchyopening,brieflyintroducewhatyourpaperwillbeabout.Youwillfocusonthreeseparatequalitiesthatmakeupagoodfriend.2ndparagraph–Describethefirstqualitythatmakesupagoodfriend.Youcanprovidespecificexamplesfromyourownlife.Mymostimportantqualityinagoodfriendwouldbeagoodlistener,whoisalwayswillingtogivemeadviceandhelpmeoutwheneverIaminneed.Thinkaboutwhatmattersmostwhenyouarechoosingyourfriends.3rdparagraph–Describethesecondqualitythatmakesupagoodfriend.MysecondqualityinanyofmyfriendswouldbethattheymakemelaughandcancheermeupifIamfeelingdown.Onceagain,elaboratewhenyouarewriting.IwouldgiveyouaspecificexampleofwhenIwasdown,and‘how’myfriendshelpedmefeelbetterbymakingmelaugh.4thparagraphorconclusion–Describethethirdqualityofagoodfriend.Mythirdqualitywouldbeanyfriendofminehastohavesimilarvaluesandbeliefsasme,andenjoythesamepastimesasme,suchasphysicalactivitiessuchasrunningorvolleyball,andsimilarmusictastes,etc.Ifyoudon’twriteaboutathirdquality,summarizewhatyouhavewrittensofar.Yourconclusionissimilartoyourintroduction,justrestatewhatyouhavealreadywrittenandtrytocloseorfinishyourpaperwithastrongstatementsuchas:Idon’tknowhowIwouldgoonifitweren’tformyfriends.MybestfriendslistentomewhenIaminneed,makemelaughwhenI’msad,andallowmetoenjoyallofmyfavoritepastimes!4.Reasonswhytheyouthdropout:Didn’tlikeschoolingeneralortheschooltheywereattending.Werefailing,gettingpoorgrades,orcouldn’tkeepupwithschoolwork.Didn’tgetalongwithteachersand/orstudents.Haddisciplinaryproblems,weresuspended,orexpelled.Didn’tfeelsafeinschoolGotajob,hadafamilytosupport,orhadtroublemanagingbothschoolandwork.Gotmarried,gotpregnant,orbecameaparent.HadadrugoralcoholproblemConcludingparagraph:One-thirdofthenation’syoungpeopleisaveryconsiderableproportion,”saysBarton.“Almost45yearsago,JamesConant,formerpresidentofHarvard,saidthatthedropoutproblemwas‘socialdynamite.’Theexplosionhasoccurred,andwillcontinuetooccur.Thisisseeningrowingprisonpopulationsandincreasingwelfarecosts;ineverlowerwages;inalimitedlaborsupplyfor,aswearetold,aneconomywithanincreasingappetiteforeducatedworkers;andinthelikelihoodofraisinganewgenerationwithdimprospectsofdoingbetter-andperhapsworst.5.BlockArrangement(fourparagraphs)I.IntroductioninwhichyoustateyourpurposewhichistodiscussthedifferencesbetweenvacationinginthemountainsoratthebeachII. MountainA.ClimateB.TypesofActivitiesC.LocationIII. BeachA.ClimateB.TypesofActivitiesC.LocationIV. ConclusionPoint-by-PointorAlternatingArrangement(fiveparagraphs)I. IntroductioninwhichyoustateyourpurposewhichistodiscussdifferencesbetweenvacationinginthemountainsoratthebeachII. FirstdifferencebetweenmountainsandbeachesisclimateA.MountainsB.BeachIII. SeconddifferencebetweenmountainsandbeachesaretypesofactivitiesA.MountainsB.BeachIV. ThirddifferencebetweenmountainsandbeachesisthelocationA.MountainsB.BeachV. ConclusionUnit91. df