專題07 助動詞-小學(xué)語法精講精練（附口訣、練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語法小學(xué)語法精講精練專題07助動詞思考引入思考引入 這個助動詞看起來很眼熟啊!這個助動詞看起來很眼熟啊!既然眼熟,那你來說說在哪里見過它吧!既然眼熟,那你來說說在哪里見過它吧!我們之前學(xué)陳述句和疑問句的時候就見過呀,我還記得有一種疑問句就是"助動詞+主語+其他"構(gòu)成的。我們之前學(xué)陳述句和疑問句的時候就見過呀,我還記得有一種疑問句就是"助動詞+主語+其他"構(gòu)成的。對!我們今天要學(xué)的就是這個助動詞。助動詞,顧名思義就對!我們今天要學(xué)的就是這個助動詞。助動詞,顧名思義就是起輔助作用的動詞。助動詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語,通常與實(shí)義動詞一起構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài),以及否定、疑問結(jié)構(gòu)等。今天我們要學(xué)習(xí)4個常見的助動詞:do,will,be,have。知識概覽知識概覽知識精講知識精講一、助動詞dodo作助動詞時，主要與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在和一般過去時態(tài)，用于否定句和疑問句中，有do,does,did三種形式。1.do,does用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(1)當(dāng)主語是“I,you,we,they”或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，用doDoyoulikehamburgers?你喜歡漢堡嗎?Whatdotheylike?他們喜歡什么?Idon'thaveafootball.我沒有足球。Wedon'thaveEnglishonMonday.我們周一沒有英語課。Theydon'thavetoomuchhomeworktoday.他們今天的家庭作業(yè)不多。(2)當(dāng)主語是“she,he,it”或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時，用doesShedoesn'tgoshoppingonSundays.她星期天不去購物。Hedoesn'tgotoschooltoday.他今天不去上學(xué)。Howmuchdoesitcosttobecomeamember?要成為會員得花多少錢?DoesyourdadgotoworkonSaturdays?你爸爸周六上班嗎?2.did用于一般過去時態(tài)，無主語人稱限制DidyouwatchTVlastnight?昨天晚上你看電視了嗎?Wheredidhelivelastyear?他去年住在哪里?Ididn'tgoswimmingyesterday.我昨天沒去游泳。Lindadidn'tgotoHangzhouyesterday.琳達(dá)昨天沒去杭州。熱身小練①翻一翻。請你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我不喜歡看電視。_____________________________________________________2.我昨天沒看見你。_____________________________________________________3.——海倫周末經(jīng)常做什么?——她經(jīng)常去拜訪她的祖父母。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Idon'tlikewatchingTV.2.Ididn'tseeyouyesterday.3.WhatdoesHelenoftendoonweekends?Sheoftenvisitshergrandparents.二、助動詞willwill作助動詞時，主要與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時態(tài)，表示“將要……”,只有這一種形式。IwillgotoBeijing.我將要去北京。Shewillhaveameetingthisafternoon.今天下午她要參加一個會議。Whatwillyoudonextweek?你下周要做什么?—Willyoutakeyourkitetomorrow?你明天要帶你的風(fēng)箏嗎?—No,Iwon't(=willnot).不，我不會帶。熱身小練②翻一翻。請你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我們明天去拜訪他。_____________________________________________________2.放學(xué)后他將和朋友們一起打籃球。_____________________________________________________答案：1.Wewillvisithimtomorrow.2.Hewillplaybasketballwithfriendsafterschool.三、助動詞bebe作助動詞時，主要與動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞一起構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時態(tài)，表示“正在……”,有am,is,are,was,were五種形式。1.am,is,are用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時IamwatchingTV.我正在看電視。Heisreadinginthelibrarynow.他現(xiàn)在正在圖書館看書。Weareplayinghide-and-seek.我們正在玩捉迷藏。2.was,were用于過去進(jìn)行時Shewasswimmingatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候她正在游泳?！猈hatwereyoudoingwhenIcalledyou?我給你打電話的時候你正在做什么?—Iwasdoingmyhomework.我正在做家庭作業(yè)。熱身小練③填一填。請你根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的單詞提示將下列句子補(bǔ)充完整。1.—Jack,what_________you_________(do)now?—I__________________(watch)amovie.2.Inthisvideo,thebirds__________________(sing)inthetree.3.Thestudents_________(have)amathsclassat10o'clockyesterday.答案：1.are;doing;amwatching2.aresinging3.werehaving四、助動詞havehave作助動詞時，主要與動詞的過去分詞一起構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)，表示“已經(jīng)……”,有have,has,had三種形式。1.have,has用于現(xiàn)在完成時Ihavegotup.我已經(jīng)起床了。HehasleftforLondon.他已經(jīng)去了倫敦。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你的家庭作業(yè)已經(jīng)寫完了嗎?2.had用于過去完成時Bytheendoflastmonth,theyhadfinishedtheirwork.到上個月底，他們已經(jīng)完成了他們的工作。HehadcomebackwhenIwokeup.我醒來時他已經(jīng)回來了。熱身小練④判一判。請你判斷下列句子中的have是否為助動詞(是畫“√”,不是畫“×”)。()1.Haveyougotabighat?()2.Ihavehadthebookfor3years.()3.Theywillhaveaspecialdinnertomorrow.()4.Ihaveabadcold.Iwon'tgotoschooltomorrow.答案：1.√2.√3.×4.×知識精練知識精練一、單選題1．—What______birdseat?—Theyeat______.A．do;corn B．does;corn C．do;hay2．—What______hedolastFriday?—Heboughtsomebooks.A．did B．does C．do D．done3．Jack________gotoschoolyesterday.Hewassick.A．doesn’t B．isn’t C．didn’t4．—What_____youdoduringyourwinterholiday?—Ididmyhomework.A．did B．does C．were D．a(chǎn)re5．—What_______youdothedaybeforeyesterday?—I_____.A．do;stayathomeB．did;stayedhomeC．did;stayedathome6．______Tomplayfootballthismorning?A．Do B．Did C．Does7．What______you______yesterdayafternoon?A．did,do B．do;did C．do;do8．—______youruncle______youareddressyesterday?—Yes,Ilikeitverymuch.A．Was;bought B．Did;buy C．Does;buys D．Did;bought9．—What______youoftendoontheweekend?—Ioftenseeafilm.A．do B．did C．does10．Why_______youlooktired?BecauseI________sleepwelllastnight.A．does;didn’t B．do;don’t C．do;didn’t11．—When_____thefilm_____?—Atteno’clocklastnight.A．does;begin B．do;begin C．will;begin D．did;begin12．It______sunnyandwarminGuangzhoutomorrow.A．willbe B．will C．is D．willis13．—______yousister______swimming?—Yes,shedoes.A．Does;likes B．Does;like C．Do;like D．Do;likes14．He______busythisweek.He______freenextweek.A．was;is B．is;will C．is;willbe15．She_______buysomebookstomorrow.A．wantto B．isgoing C．will二、改寫句子16．Shevisitedherauntyesterday.(用tomorrow替換yesterday)Sheis______________visitheraunttomorrow.17．Itmeansyoushouldn’tlitterhere.(對劃線部分提問)What______it______?18．LiuTaodidhishomeworklatelastnight(改為否定句)LiuTao__________hishomeworklatelastnight.19．Shegoestoschoolbybike.(對畫線部分提問)How_____she_____toschool?20．Thesignmeans“Noparking”.(改為一般疑問句)_____thesign_____“Noparking”?21．JohntookthebustotheparklastSunday.(對劃線部分提問)__________Johntakethebustothepark?22．Myfamilywenttothecinematwodaysago.(對劃線部分提問)________________yourfamily________twodaysago?三、用單詞正確形式填空23．______Sam______(find)hiskiteyesterday?Yes.24．Mikealways_________(have)mealsontime,buthissister_________.(donot).25．—____thefish____(have)abigtail?—Yes,you’reright.26．Look!Somepeople__________(cross)theroad.Let’sstopandwait.27．—What__________(do)youdoyesterday?—I__________(help)mymothersweepthefloor.28．Helen_____(notwear)herbeautifulskirtthatday.29．_____you_____(live)withyourparentsbeforeyouweresevenyearsold?30．They_____(notwrite)letterstotheirparentsyesterday.31．Theboy_____(notpick)applesyesterday,he_____(cook)food.32．—What_____you_____(do)lastweek?—I_____(visit)afarm.33．Look!LiuTao________(show)amodelplanetohisclassmates.34．—____you____(write)anemaillastweek?—Yes,I____(write)itonSunday.35．Mike_____(notlike)fruittwoyearsago.36．—_________(Do)hehaveanyhobbies?—Yes,heliked_________(p