例談高中英語閱讀教學(xué)策略(共47張)

例談基于英語閱讀策略的教學(xué)模式SBI（Strategies―BasedInstruction）需求層次論的提出自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需求尊重需求社交的需求安全的需求生理的需求馬斯洛的需要層次論是研究人的需要結(jié)構(gòu)的一種理論。生理需求（Physiologicalneeds）安全需求（Safetyneeds）愛和歸屬感（Loveandbelonging）尊重（Esteem）自我實(shí)現(xiàn)（Self-actualization）自我超越需求（Self-Transcendenceneeds）生理需要安全需要?dú)w屬與愛的需要尊重的需要自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要

如何幫助學(xué)習(xí)者達(dá)成自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要？自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需求自我實(shí)現(xiàn)需求：這是最高一級的需求，指一個(gè)人需要做他最適宜做的工作，發(fā)揮他最大的潛力，實(shí)現(xiàn)理想，并能夠不斷自我創(chuàng)造和發(fā)展。一個(gè)自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的人有以下特點(diǎn)：主動，思想集中于問題，超然，自治，具有獨(dú)立的思維，有創(chuàng)造性，能獨(dú)立解決問題。閱讀策略閱讀策略定義為閱讀者在閱讀過程中，隨著文章類型、上下文和閱讀目的變化而改變的一種靈活運(yùn)用的閱讀方式。Wallace（1992）閱讀策略定義為閱讀者為了全面理解文章，而對閱讀過程中會出現(xiàn)的障礙所做出的認(rèn)知行為。Aarnoutse（2003）閱讀策略閱讀策略是指為解決閱讀過程中遇到的問題和幫助記憶文章內(nèi)容而進(jìn)行的思維活動或采取的具體行為。它不僅包含了閱讀中的一些技巧，還包含了閱讀者為達(dá)到預(yù)期閱讀目的所采取的有選擇性和控制性的行為。所謂有效閱讀策略是指對學(xué)習(xí)者的閱讀理解能力和閱讀速度的提高有幫助的策略。Urquhart和Weir（1998）將二語閱讀策略分為元認(rèn)知策略和認(rèn)知策略兩類。元認(rèn)知策略包括：閱讀前策略（預(yù)讀、預(yù)測）；閱讀中策略（自我提問、自我監(jiān)控）；閱讀后策略（自我評價(jià)、自我反應(yīng)）。認(rèn)知策略包括：速讀策略（略讀、查讀、尋讀）；細(xì)讀策略（區(qū)分主旨與細(xì)節(jié)、命題推理、語用推理、轉(zhuǎn)移、意譯、清除歧義、推測詞義、識別代詞所指）。Anderson（1999）認(rèn)為在閱讀教學(xué)中，教師要選擇合適的閱讀材料，激活學(xué)生的背景知識，教授閱讀技巧，激發(fā)學(xué)生的閱讀動機(jī)。與此同時(shí)，教師也要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生驗(yàn)證自己的閱讀策略，評估自己的學(xué)習(xí)效果。O’Malley（1985）對外語學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)策略的相關(guān)訓(xùn)練，發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)習(xí)策略訓(xùn)練是否成功受到許多因素的干擾：教師個(gè)人的關(guān)注點(diǎn)、指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的方式、學(xué)生的策略重要性意識等。1.Readingskills/strategiesSpecifyingapurposeforreadingPlanningwhattodo/whatstepstotakePreviewingthetextPredictingthecontentsofthetextCheckingpredictionsSkimmingthetextforthemainideaScanningthetextforspecificinformationDistinguishingmainideasfromsupportingdetailsPosingquestionsaboutthetextFindinganswerstoposedquestionsConnectingtexttobackgroundknowledgeSummarizinginformationMakinginferencesConnectingonepartofthetexttoanotherPayingattentiontotextstructureRereadingGuessingthemeaningofanewwordfromcontextUsingdiscoursemarkerstoseerelationshipsCheckingcomprehensionIdentifyingdifficultiesTakingstepstorepairfaultycomprehensionCritiquingtheauthorCritiquingthetextJudginghowwellobjectivesweremetReflectingonwhathasbeenlearnedfromthetext閱讀的定義Readingisareceptivelanguageprocesses.Itisapsycholinguisticprocessinthatitstartswithalinguisticsurfacerepresentationencodedbyawriterandendswithmeaningwhichthereaderconstructs.Thereisthusanessentialinteractionbetweenlanguageandthoughtinreading.Thewriterencodersthoughtaslanguageandthereaderdecodeslanguagetothought.

(Goodman,1988:12)Goodman,K.1988.Thereadingprocess.InP.Carrellet.al.Interactiveapproachestosecondlanguagereading.(eds.)Cambridge:CambridgeUniversityPress.RelationshipbetweentheWriter

andtheReaderTEXTDecodesMeaningEncodingMessageReaderDecoderListenerReceiverInterpreterWriterEncoderSpeakerSenderProducerInteraction教師應(yīng)該：全面了解英語閱讀策略以閱讀策略為指導(dǎo)收集解析相關(guān)文本指導(dǎo)學(xué)生使用閱讀策略培養(yǎng)學(xué)生使用策略的意識達(dá)成學(xué)生自主使用策略進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)的習(xí)慣。閱讀策略基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining策略1：Skimformainidea1)Whatdoesthewritermainlytellus?2)Whichofthefollowingcansummar-izethemainideaofthistext?3)Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainidea?4)Whichisthesubjectdiscussedinthetext?6)What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?策略1：SkimformainideaQuestion:WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraphA.GMisoneofthelargestcarproducers.B.FordoperatesnotonlyintheU.S.A.,butalsoinAsia.C.TheforeigncarshavenottakenawaythejobsofAmericanautoworkers.D.ThefloodofthecheaperforeigncarsisterribleforAmericanautoworkers.文章解釋InspiteofthefactthatcarsfromGermanyandJapanarefloodingtheAmericanmarket,Ford,GeneralMotorsandChryslerareemployingmoreworkersthaneverbefore.Thefloodofcheaperfor-eigncarshasnotcastAmericanautoworkerstheirjobsassomeexpertspredicted.FordoperatesasfarasAsia,andGeneralMotorsisconsideredAustralian’sbiggestemployer.YetGeneralMotorshasitshugeAmericanworkforceandemployshundredsofpeopleeverydaytomeettheneedsofaninsatiable(不能滿足的）society.2017全國II卷28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThebasicdataoftheTransition.B.Theadvantagesofflyingcars.C.Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.D.ThedesignersoftheTransition.TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle-namedtheTransition–hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1,400feetforeightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115inthefliesusinga23-gallontankofgasandbums5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.2017天津卷59.What’sthemainideaofParagraph4?(nomorethan10words)Ilearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaone-wayactofhelpingsomeonelessfortunate.Involvementinthelifeofanotherpersonhasenrichedmylifeaswell.Seeinghowpeopledealwithchallengesoftheirliveshastaughtmevaluablelessonsincourageanddignity.ManyofthepeoplewhomIhavemetasavolunteerareanunforgettablepartofmylife.PerhapsIreceivedfarmorethanIevergave.59.Theauthorlearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaone-wayact.Theauthorlearnedthatvolunteerismisatwo-wayact.Theauthorhasbenefitedalotfromhisvolunteerism/volunteeringwork.閱讀策略基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練BasicTraining策略2：Makinginferences

推理判斷題：高考重頭戲，20個(gè)題中常有6-8個(gè)，著重考查學(xué)生歸納概括、邏輯推理等綜合能力。

以原文內(nèi)容為前提，據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)理論（非考生觀點(diǎn)），客觀地對文中未明顯說明的現(xiàn)象或事例給予合理的邏輯推斷，做出一定解釋。推理策略

透過現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，領(lǐng)悟作者思想傾向、觀點(diǎn)、立場、語氣及態(tài)度等。2017天津高考50.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.TTRisprofit-makingorganization.B.TTRprogramlastsafewweeks.C.Thegirls’confidencegrowsquickly.D.Thegirlscanridetallerhorses.推理策略JanealsoseesmembersofTTRprogramexcelinschool—100percentofyoungwomeninvolvedforyearsormorehavegraduatedfromhighschool.Debraseesamoreobviousimpact—afterafewweeksintheTTRprogram,theyoungwomensitinalittlehigherintheirsaddles（馬鞍）.“Thereisjustsomethingaboutsittinguponthebackofahorsethatgivesthemaboostofconfidence.”55.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Youngpeoplewillleadinfashion.B.Youngpeoplewillhavemorepower.C.Olderpeoplewillstepoffthehistoricalstage.D.Olderpeoplewillcontinuetobethemainforce.Thepaceoftoday’sworkinglifeblurs（使模糊）thelinebetweenpersonallifeandworktime,anditincreasinglymixespersonallifestyleandworkstyle.Andascompaniesaretryinghardtoattractandkeepyoungpeoplefortheirtechnicalskillsandenthusiasticforchange,officecultureisbecominganextensionofyouthculture.Thismaybenobadthing.Formostofhumanhistorythemiddle-agedhaveruled,butinthefuture,theywillhavetosharepowerwithfresh-facedyouth.Theriseofayoungisagoodthing,becauseitgivesthemmoreopportunitytoputtheirideasandenergyintopracticeattheirmostcreativestageinlife.Nowadaysyouthandyouthqualitiesseemtodominate,buttheexperienceandmaturityofolderemployeesshouldbeputtogooduse,too.2017全國II卷30.Whatisthegovemment’sattitudetothedevelopmentoftheflyingcar?A.CautiousB.Favorable.C.Ambiguous.D.Disapproving.Inventorshavebeentryingtomakeflyingcarssincethe1930s,accordingtoRobertMann,anairlineindustryexpert.ButMannthinksTerrafugiahascomecloserthananyonetomakingtheflyingcarareality.Thegovemmenthasalreadypermittedthecompanytousespecialmaterialstomakeiteasierforthevehicletofly.TheTransitionisnowgoingthroughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.閱讀策略基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練策略3：Guessingthemeaningofanewwordfromcontext

同義法

常在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，它們連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此可以推測。

反義法

如hotandcold,giveandreceive等，或前句為肯定，后句為否定。總之，詞與詞間都起著互為線索的作用。

釋義法

對文章中的生詞用定語（從句）、表語甚至于用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明。猜詞策略

情景推斷法、代詞替代法等GuessingUnknownWords/Vocabulary（猜詞）Eg.

Heisaresolute

man.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.Theunderlinedwordmeans____.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.cleverEx.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.

木匠

動物學(xué)家

牧人

夜班Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.

◎Ifyouagree,write“yes”;ifyoudissent,write“no”.

混亂不同意Rubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.彈性的混濁的

Guessingwordfromdescriptionexemplification通過描述和例證猜詞A)Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:TheWorldofEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools,orEnglishLearning.A.dictionariesB.story-booksC.magazinesD.newspapers

Insomecountrieswherethereisverylittlerain,thefarmershavetoirrigate,orwater,theirfields.Allwhalesfallintotwogroups,thosewithteethandthosewithout,Dolphinsbelongtoodontoceti,thatistosay,theyaretoothedwhales.灌溉有牙齒的Gue