英語(yǔ)不定式課件

匯報(bào)人：xxx20xx-07-13英語(yǔ)不定式目錄CONTENTSBasicconceptsandcharacteristicsofinfinitivesInfinitiveassubjectandpredicateInfinitiveasobjectandobjectplementUsinginfinitivesasattributiveandadverbialmodifiersTenseandvoicechangesofinfinitivesFrequentlyAskedQuestionsandExercises01BasicconceptsandcharacteristicsofinfinitivesTheinfinitiveisthebasicformoftheverb,usuallyprecededbytheword"to".DefinitionandpropertiesofinfinitivesItcanfunctionasanoun,adjective,oradverbinasentence.Theinfinitiveexpressesactionorstatewithoutspecifyingaparticulartime.Gerundsareverbformsendingin"-ing"thatfunctionasnouns,whileinfinitivescanfunctionasnouns,adjectives,oradverbs.Bothinfinitivesandgerundscanbeusedasthesubjectorobjectofasentence,buttheirusageandmeaningmayvarydependingonthecontext.DifferenceandconnectionwithgerundsInfinitivesoftenexpresspotentialorintendedaction,whilegerundsemphasizetheactionasaconceptoractivity.CommonusageandprecautionsInfinitivesaremonlyusedaftercertainverbs,suchas"want,""hope,"and"wish,"toexpressintentionordesire.Theycanalsobeusedwithadjectivestoformpredicativeadjectives,expressingthenatureorstateofthesubject.Whenusinginfinitives,it'simportanttodistinguishbetweenbareinfinitives(without"to")andfullinfinitives(with"to"),astheirusagedependsontheverborcontext.Additionally,beawareofpotentialgrammaticalerrors,suchasusinginfinitivesincorrectlyinplaceoffiniteverbsormisusingthemincertainconstructions.02InfinitiveassubjectandpredicateTolearnanewlanguagecanbechallengingTounderstandquantumphysicsrequiresalotofdedicationTotravelisherfavoritethingtodoExampleofusageassubject010203HerdreamistobeeaprofessionaldancerThebestwaytorelaxistolistentoclassicalmusicIhavedecidedtotakeawalkafterdinnerExamplesofusagewhenmakingexpressionsIdentifyingtheinfinitive:Whentranslating,it'simportanttorecognizetheinfinitiveformoftheverb,whichoftentranslatesintoanounornounphraseinthetargetlanguage.Grammaticaladjustments:Dependingonthetargetlanguage,grammaticaladjustmentsmightbenecessarytoensurethattheinfinitiveisusedcorrectlyinthesentencestructure.Culturalcontext:Keepinmindtheculturalcontextwhentranslatinginfinitives,ascertainexpressionsoridiomsmightnothaveadirectequivalentinthetargetlanguage.Maintainingtheoriginalmeaning:Ensurethatthetranslationretainstheoriginalmeaningconveyedbytheinfinitive,whetherit'susedasasubjectorapredicate.Translationskillsbetweensubjectandpredicate03Infinitiveasobjectandobjectplement123ShedecidedtotraveltoEurope.(Here,theinfinitive"totravel"servesastheobjectoftheverb"decided.")Theywanttoliveahappylife.(Inthissentence,"tolive"istheobjectoftheverb"want.")Hepreferstoworkalone.("Towork"functionsastheobjectoftheverb"prefers.")ExampleofusagewhenusingasanobjectTheteacherfoundthestudenttobeverybright.(Here,theinfinitivephrase"tobeverybright"plementstheobject"thestudent,"describingthestudent'squality.)Theyconsideredtheplantobefeasible.(Inthisexample,"tobefeasible"plementstheobject"theplan,"indicatingitsfeasibility.)Weelectedhimtobeourrepresentative.("Tobeourrepresentative"plements"him,"specifyinghisroleorposition.)ExampleofusagewhenusingobjectplementlanguageOmittingtheinfinitiveoftheverb'to'Incertainconstructions,especiallyaftermodalverbs(suchas"can,""may,""must,"etc.),the'to'oftheinfinitiveisoftenomitted.Forinstance,"Hecanswim"insteadof"Hecantoswim."Similarly,"Theymustgo"ratherthan"Theymusttogo."Additionally,afterverbsofperceptionlike"see,""hear,""feel,"the'to'issometimesomittedinthepassiveconstruction.Forexample,"Shewasseenleavetheroom"(omitting'to'after"seen").04UsinginfinitivesasattributiveandadverbialmodifiersAninfinitiveusedasanattributivemodifierdescribesanounorpronoun,typicallyexpressingpurpose,potential,orfutureaction.Avoidredundancybynotusingbothaninfinitiveandafiniteverbtoexpressthesameactionorstate.Whenusinganinfinitiveasanattributive,ensurethatitlogicallymodifiesthenounorpronounitprecedes.Bemindfulofwordorder,asEnglishtypicallyfollowsasubject-verb-objectstructure,withtheinfinitiveplacedafterthenounitmodifies.UsageandprecautionswhenusingasanattributiveInfinitivesusedadverbiallycanclarifytheintent,motivation,orconsequenceofanaction.Whenusedforpurpose,theyaremonlyprecededbyprepositionslike"to"or"for."Theyoftenappearatthebeginningorendofasentence,providingadditionalcontextorinformation.Forreasonorresult,infinitivescanbeusedwithconjunctionslike"because"or"so"toshowcausality.Whenusedasanadverb,itexpressesthemeaningofpurpose,reason,orresult01Pairinginfinitiveswithadjectivesoradverbscanprovideadditionaldetailoremphasis.Techniquesforusinginconjunctionwithotherwordclasses02Whenusedwithnouns,infinitivescancreatenounphrasesthatexpressaspecificactionorconcept.03Infinitivescanalsobeusedwithotherverbs,creatingverbphrasesthatexpressplexactionsorstates.04Beawareofparallelstructurewhenusinginfinitivesinlistsorseries,ensuringthateachitemfollowsthesamegrammaticalpattern.05TenseandvoicechangesofinfinitivesGeneralformThebasicformoftheinfinitive,whichexpressesanactionorstateinitssimplestandmostgeneralsense.Itisoftenprecededbytheword"to,"asin"torun"or"tosing."CompletionformAlsoknownastheperfectinfinitive,thisformindicatesanactionthatwaspletedbeforeanotheractioninthepast.Itisformedbybining"tohave"withthepastparticipleoftheverb,asin"tohaverun"or"tohavesung."ThedifferencebetweeninfinitivegeneralformandpletionformVSThepassivevoiceofaninfinitiveisformedbybining"tobe"withthepastparticipleoftheverb.Forexample,"tobeeaten"or"tobestudied."UsagePassiveinfinitivesareusedwhenthefocusisontheactionitself,ratherthanonthepersonorthingperformingtheaction.Theyareoftenfoundinsentenceswherethesubjectisunknown,unimportant,orimplied.FormationHowtouseinfinitivesinpassivevoice"Toliveahappylifeismygoal."Asasubject"Iwanttotraveltheworld."Asanobject"Mydreamistobeeawriter."AsaplementExamplesoftheapplicationofinfinitivesinplexsentencestructures010203ExamplesoftheapplicationofinfinitivesinplexsentencestructuresInadjectiveclauses01"Ihavealotofworktodo."Innounclauses02"Iknowwhattodonext."Inadverbialclauses03"Tobehonest,Idon'tlikethismovie."Note04Infinitivesareversatileandcanbeusedinvariouswaysinplexsentencestructures,addingrichnessanddiversitytolanguageexpression.06FrequentlyAskedQuestionsandExercisesWhatisaninfinitive?Aninfinitiveisthebasic,unchangedformofaverb.Itcanbeusedasanoun,adjective,oradverb,anditoftenfollowstheword"to."FrequentlyAskedQuestionsandAnswersSectionFrequentlyAskedQuestionsandAnswersSectionHowdoIrecognizeaninfinitive?Infinitivesaretypicallyprecededbytheword"to"andarenotconjugatedtomatchthesubjectofthesentence.Theyexpressactionorstateofbeingintheirmostgeneralform.Caninfinitivesbeusedinalltenses?No,infinitivesthemselvesdonotexpresstense.However,theycanbeusedinsentencesthatareinanytense,astheydescribetheactionorstateofbeinginageneralway.FrequentlyAskedQuestionsandAnswersSectionPracticequestionsandansweranalysisIdentifytheinfinitiveinthefollowingsentence:"Iwanttoliveahappylife."Correcttheerrorinthissentence:"Heenjoystoreadbooks."Rewritethissentenceusinganinfinitive:"Shedecidedthatshewouldstudyabroad."Answer:Theinfinitiveis"tolive."Answer:Thecorrectsentenceis"Heenjoysreadingbooks."Notethatafterc