材料專業(yè)常用術(shù)語英語單詞表

Unit1property（材料的）性質(zhì)heattreatment熱處理metal金屬glass玻璃plastics塑料fiber纖維electronicdevices電子器件component組元，組分semiconductingmaterials半導(dǎo)體材料materialsscienceandengineering材料科學(xué)與工程materialsscience材料科學(xué)materialsengineering材料工程materialsscientist材料科學(xué)家materialsengineer材料工程師synthesize合成synthesissyntheticsubatomicstructure亞原子結(jié)構(gòu)electron電子atom原子nuclei原子核nucleusmolecule分子microscopic微觀的microscope顯微鏡nakedeye裸眼macroscopic宏觀的specimen試樣deformation變形polished拋光的reflect反射magnitude量級solidmaterials固體材料mechanicalproperties力學(xué)性質(zhì)load載荷force力elasticmodulus彈性模量strength強(qiáng)度electricalproperties電學(xué)性質(zhì)electricalconductivity導(dǎo)電性dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)electricfield電場thermalbehavior熱學(xué)行為heatcapacity熱容thermalconductivity熱傳導(dǎo)（導(dǎo)熱性）magneticproperties磁學(xué)性質(zhì)magneticfield磁場opticalproperties光學(xué)性質(zhì)electromagneticradiation電磁輻射lightradiation光輻射indexofrefraction折射率reflectivity反射率deteriorativecharacteristics劣化特性processing加工performance性能linear線性的integratedcircuitchip集成電路芯片strength強(qiáng)度ductility延展性deterioration惡化，劣化mechanicalstrength機(jī)械強(qiáng)度elevatedtemperature高溫corrosive腐蝕性的fabrication制造Unit2chemicalmakeup化學(xué)組成atomicstructure原子結(jié)構(gòu)advancedmaterials先進(jìn)材料high-technology高技術(shù)smartmaterials智能材料nanoengineeredmaterials納米工程材料metallicmaterials金屬材料nonlocalizedelectrons游離電子conductor導(dǎo)體electricity電heat熱t(yī)ransparent透明的visiblelight可見光polished拋光的surface表面lustrous有光澤的aluminum鋁silicon硅alumina氧化鋁silica二氧化硅oxide氧化物carbide碳化物nitride氮化物dioxide二氧化物clayminerals黏土礦物porcelain瓷器cement水泥mechanicalbehavior力學(xué)行為ceramicmaterials陶瓷材料stiffness勁度strength強(qiáng)度hard堅硬brittle脆的fracture破裂insulative絕緣的resistant耐……的resistance耐力，阻力，電阻molecularstructures分子結(jié)構(gòu)chain-like鏈狀backbone骨架carbonatoms碳原子lowdensities低密度mechanicalcharacteristics力學(xué)特性inert隋性synthetic（人工）合成的fiberglass玻璃纖維polymeric聚合物的epoxy環(huán)氧樹脂polyester聚酯纖維carbonfiber-reinforcedpolymercomposite碳纖維增強(qiáng)聚合物復(fù)合材料glassfiber-reinforcedmaterials玻璃纖維增強(qiáng)材料high-strength,low-densitystructuralmaterials高強(qiáng)度低密度結(jié)構(gòu)材料solarcell太陽能電池hydrogenfuelcell氫燃料電池catalyst催化劑nonrenewableresource不可再生資源Unit3periodictable（元素）周期表atomicstructure原子結(jié)構(gòu)magnetic磁學(xué)的optical光學(xué)的microstructure微觀結(jié)構(gòu)macrostructure宏觀結(jié)構(gòu)positivelychargednucleus帶正電的原子核atomicnumber原子序數(shù)proton質(zhì)子atomicweight原子量neutron中子negativelychargedelectrons帶負(fù)電的電子shell殼層magnesium鎂chemicalbonds化學(xué)鍵partially-filledelectronshells未滿電子殼層bond成鍵metallicbond金屬鍵nonmetalatoms非金屬原子covalentbond共價鍵ionicbond離子鍵Unit4physicalproperties物理性質(zhì)chemicalproperties化學(xué)性質(zhì)flammability易燃性corrosion腐蝕oxidation氧化oxidationresistance抗氧化性vapor(vapour)蒸汽，蒸氣，汽melt熔化solidify凝固vaporize汽化，蒸發(fā)condense凝聚sublime升華state態(tài)plasma等離子體phasetransformationtemperatures相變溫度density密度specificgravity比重thermalconductivity熱導(dǎo)linearcoefficientofthermalexpansion線性熱膨脹系數(shù)electricalconductivityandresistivity電導(dǎo)和電阻corrosionresistance抗腐蝕性magneticpermeability磁導(dǎo)率phasetransformations相變phasetransitions相變crystalforms晶型meltingpoint熔點boilingpoint沸騰點vaporpressure蒸氣壓atm大氣壓glasstransitiontemperature玻璃化轉(zhuǎn)變溫度mass質(zhì)量volume體積perunitofvolume每單位體積theaccelerationofgravity重力加速度temperaturedependent隨溫度而變的，與溫度有關(guān)的grams/cubiccentimeter克每立方厘米kilograms/cubicmeter千克每立方米grams/milliliter克每毫升grams/liter克每升poundspercubicinch磅每立方英寸poundspercubicfoot磅每立方英尺alcohol酒精benzene苯magnetize磁化magneticinduction磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度magneticfieldintensity磁場強(qiáng)度constant常數(shù)vacuum真空magneticfluxdensity磁通密度diamagnetic反磁性的factor因數(shù)paramagnetic順磁性的ferromagnetic鐵磁性的non-ferrousmetals非鐵金屬，有色金屬brass黃銅ferrous含鐵的ferrousmetals含鐵金屬，黑色金屬relativepermeability相對磁導(dǎo)率transformer變壓器，變換器eddycurrentprobe渦流探針Unit5hardness硬度impactresistance耐沖擊性fracturetoughness斷裂韌度，斷裂韌性structuralmaterials結(jié)構(gòu)材料anisotropic各向異性orientation取向texture織構(gòu)fiberreinforcement纖維增強(qiáng)longitudinal縱向transversedirection橫向shorttransversedirection短橫向afunctionoftemperature溫度的函數(shù)，溫度條件roomtemperature室溫elongation伸長率tension張力，拉力compression壓縮bending彎曲shear剪切torsion扭轉(zhuǎn)staticloading靜負(fù)荷dynamicloading動態(tài)載荷cyclicloading循環(huán)載荷，周期載荷cross-sectionalarea橫截面stress應(yīng)力stressdistribution應(yīng)力分布strain應(yīng)變engineeringstrain工程應(yīng)變perpendicular垂直normalaxis垂直軸elasticdeformation彈性形變plasticdeformation塑性形變qualitycontrol質(zhì)量控制nondestructivetests無損檢測tensileproperty抗張性能，拉伸性能Unit6lattice晶格positiveions正離子acloudofdelocalizedelectrons離域電子云ionization電離，離子化metalloid準(zhǔn)金屬，類金屬nonmetal非金屬diagonalline對角線polonium釙semi-metal半金屬lowerleft左下方upperright右上方conductionband導(dǎo)帶valenceband價帶electronicstructure電子結(jié)構(gòu)syntheticmaterials（人工）合成材料oxygen氧oxide氧化物rust生銹potassium鉀alkalimetals堿金屬alkalineearthmetals堿土金屬volatile活潑的transitionmetals過渡金屬oxidize氧化barrierlayer阻擋層basic堿性的acidic酸性的electrochemicalseries電化序electrochemicalcell電化電池cleave解理，劈開elemental元素的，單質(zhì)的metallicform金屬形態(tài)tightly-packedcrystallattice密排晶格，密堆積晶格atomicradius原子半徑nuclearcharge核電荷numberofbondingorbitals成鍵軌道數(shù)overlapoforbitalenergies軌道能重疊crystalform晶型planesofatoms原子面agasofnearlyfreeelectrons近自由電子氣freeelectronmodel自由電子模型anelectrongas電子氣bandstructure能帶結(jié)構(gòu)bindingenergy鍵能positivepotential正勢periodicpotential周期性勢能bandgap能隙Brillouinzone布里淵區(qū)nearly-freeelectronmodel近自由電子模型solidsolution固溶體puremetals純金屬duralumin硬鋁，杜拉鋁Unit9purification提純，凈化rawmaterials原材料discrete離散的，分散的iodine碘long-chain長鏈alkane烷烴，鏈烴oxide氧化物nitride氮化物carbide碳化物diamond金剛石graphite石墨inorganic無機(jī)的mixedionic-covalentbonding離子—共價混合鍵constituentatoms組成原子conductionmechanism傳導(dǎo)機(jī)制phonon聲子photon光子sapphire藍(lán)寶石visiblelight可見光computer-assistedprocesscontrol計算機(jī)輔助過程控制solid-oxidefuelcell固體氧化物燃料電池sparkpluginsulator火花塞絕緣材料capacitor電容electrode電極electrolyte電解質(zhì)electronmicroscope電子顯微鏡surfaceanalyticalmethods表面分析方法Unit12macromolecule高分子repeatingstructuralunits重復(fù)結(jié)構(gòu)單元covalentbond共價鍵polymerchemistry高分子化學(xué)polymerphysics高分子物理polymerscience高分子科學(xué)molecularstructure分子結(jié)構(gòu)molecularweights分子量longchains長鏈chain-likestructure鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)monomer單體plastics塑料rubbers橡膠thermoplastic熱塑性thermoset熱固性vulcanizedrubbers硫化橡膠thermoplasticelastomer熱塑彈性體naturalrubbers天然橡膠syntheticrubbers合成橡膠thermoplastic熱塑性thermoset熱固性resin樹脂polyethylene聚乙烯polypropylene聚丙烯polystyrene聚苯乙烯polyvinyl-chloride聚氯乙烯polyvinyl聚乙烯的chloride氯化物polyester聚酯polyurethane聚氨酯polycarbonate聚碳酸酯nylon尼龍acrylics丙烯酸樹脂acrylonitrile-butadiene-styreneABS樹脂polymerization聚合（作用）condensationpolymerization縮聚additionpolymerization加聚homopolymer均聚物copolymer共聚物chemicalmodification化學(xué)改性terminology術(shù)語nomenclature命名法chemist化學(xué)家theNoblePrizeinChemistry諾貝爾化學(xué)獎catalyst催化劑atomicforcemicroscope原子力顯微鏡（AFM）Unit15composite復(fù)合材料multiphase多相bulkphase體相matrix基體matrixmaterial基質(zhì)材料reinforcement增強(qiáng)體reinforcingphase增強(qiáng)相reinforcingmaterial加強(qiáng)材料metal-matrixcomposite金屬基復(fù)合材料ceramic-matrixcomposite陶瓷基復(fù)合材料resin-matrixcomposite樹脂基復(fù)合材料strengtheningmechanism增強(qiáng)機(jī)理dispersionstrengthenedcomposite彌散強(qiáng)化復(fù)合材料particlereinforcedcomposites顆粒增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料fiber-reinforcedcomposites纖維增強(qiáng)復(fù)合材料Unit18nanotechnology納米技術(shù)nanostructuredmaterials納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料nanometer納米nanoscale納米尺度nanoparticle納米顆粒nanotube納米管nanowire納米線nanorod納米棒nanoonion納米蔥nanobulb納米泡fullerene富勒烯sizeparameters尺寸參數(shù)sizeeffect尺寸效應(yīng)criticallength臨界長度mesoscopic介觀的quantummechanics量子力學(xué)quantumeffects量子效應(yīng)surfaceareaperunitmass單位質(zhì)量的表面積surfacephysicsandchemistry表面物理化學(xué)substrate襯底，基底graphene石墨烯chemicalanalysis化學(xué)分析chemicalcomposition化學(xué)成分analyticaltechniques分析技術(shù)scanningtunnelingmicroscope掃描隧道顯微鏡spatialresolution空間分辨率deBrogilewavelength德布羅意波長meanfreepathofelectrons（電子）平均自由程quantumdo