考博英語模擬試卷231

考博英語模擬試卷231

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、AsIbrthemissingfunds,thecompanymanager,whendemandedtogivean

explanation,couldnotevencomeupwithaone.

A、plaintive

B>pervasive

C、perpetual

D、plausible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：D項(xiàng)plausible表示“似是而非的”，符合題意，如：aplausible

excuse（看似有理的借口）。其他三項(xiàng)，A項(xiàng)plaintive表示“悲哀的，哀傷的”；B項(xiàng)

pervasive表示“顛倒的，曲解的”;C項(xiàng)perpetual表示“永久的”,都不正確。本題空

格處是說甚至提不出一個(gè)看似可信的解釋-因此D項(xiàng)為正確答案C

2、Thesupplyofapplesexceedsthethisyear.

A、request

B、claim

C、requirement

D、demand

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：request要求，請求；claim要求，主張；

requirement要求，需求：demand要求，需求。requirement和demand雖然都有“需

求'’之意，但在表示市場需求時(shí)，一般用demand。supply和demand對應(yīng)，表示供

求關(guān)系。根據(jù)句子意思布出正確答案是D選項(xiàng)。

3、Theverybiggestandmostmurderouswarsduring（heindustrialagewereintra-

industrial-warsthatSecondWavenationslikeGermanyandBritainagainstone

another.

A、pitted

B、drove

C、kept

D、embarked

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、Inhislecture,theeducationexpertemphasizedthefactthatnowadayschildrenare

exposedtomanyinfluencesthatoftheirfamilies.

A、ratherthan

B、otherthan

C、exceptfor

D、butfor

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：ratherthan意為“而不是”，表示對后面成分的否定，符合題意。

5、Hewaspresentinhisroleofschoolmanager,churchwardenanddonor.

A^dedicated

B>triple

C^providential

D^religious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

6、NicholasChauvin,aFrenchsoldier,airedhisvenerationofNapoleonBonaparte

soandunceasinglythathebecamethelaughingstockofallpeopleinEurope.

A、vociferously

R、patriotically

C、verbosely

D、loquaciously

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A選項(xiàng)：vociferously喊叫地，吵鬧地；B選項(xiàng)：patriotically愛國

地；C選項(xiàng)：verbosel冗長地，累贅地；D選項(xiàng)：loquaciously多話地.只有A項(xiàng)符

合句意。本句的意思是“法國士兵NicholasChau-vin總是不停地喊叫著來表達(dá)對

NapoleonBonaparte的崇敬，以致他都成了所有歐洲人的笑柄”。

7、ThePortuguesegiveagreatdealofcredittoonemanfbrhavingpromotedseatravel,

thatmanprinceHenrythenavigator,wholivedinthe15thcentury.

A^was

B、wascalled

C、calling

D、being

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：后半句是獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，是oneman的同位語。A、B用了動(dòng)詞形式，不

可：C項(xiàng)應(yīng)為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

8、Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththisideaaboutthetrip.

A、weary

B、twilight

C、unanimous

D、weird

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題應(yīng)選D。備選項(xiàng)中A項(xiàng)：“疲倦的”；B項(xiàng)：“模糊的”；C項(xiàng)：

“意見一致的“；D項(xiàng)：“怪異的”。依據(jù)空格處意思：提出這個(gè)怪主意可知D項(xiàng)為正

確答案。

9、TherehasbeenanincreaseinattendanceatlecturesbytheWorldAffairs

Council,whichbringsinternationalissuestopublicattention.

A^developed

sponsored

C、advanced

D、promoted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：develop發(fā)展。sponsor發(fā)起，主辦。advance前進(jìn)，提前。promote

進(jìn)，提升。

10、Theboywasnottoleaveclasswithoutanadequatereason.

A、emitted

B、admitted

Cxpermitted

D、remitted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

11、consideredthehumanbodyaestheticallysatisfactory.

A、Neitherprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanman

B、Norprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman

C、Noprehistoriccavemannorlate-industrialurbanman

D、Neitherprehistoriccavemanorlate-industrialurbanman

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：neither...nor..?是固定搭配，意思是“既不...也不....

12、Keysshouldneverbehiddenaroundthehousesincethievesknowwhereto

look.

A、invariably

B、virtually

C、variously

D、unavoidably

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案；A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意：不應(yīng)該把鑰匙藏在房產(chǎn)周圍，因?yàn)橘\總是知道在哪能找到它

們。invariably總是,不變地。virtually事實(shí)上,實(shí)際上。variously不同地。

unavoidably不可避免地。

13、TheshipwasinastormoffJamaica.

A、drowned

immerged

C>wrecked

D、submitted

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:A.drowned淹死;B.immerged浸入;C.wrecked使失事;

D.submitted提交。

14、Somegoodluckbroughtusnothingbuttrouble.

A、seemingly

satisfactorily

C^uniformly

D、universally

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：seemingly意為“表面上的”;satisfactorily意為“滿意的”;uniformlyM

為“統(tǒng)一的"；universally意為“完全的，普遍的”。本句話意思是：一些表面上的幸

運(yùn)只會(huì)給我們帶來麻煩。

15,Notuntilactuallyfacedwithwaterscarcityappreciatethevalueofwaterto

aregion.

A、onecan

B、onecannot

C、canone

D、cannotone

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：notuntil開頭的句子，后面應(yīng)該使用倒裝句，所以排除A和B。根據(jù)

句意“只有真正遇到水資源缺乏，我們才會(huì)感激水對一個(gè)地區(qū)所起的重要作用“，C

選項(xiàng)正確。

16、Accordingtotheauthor,humoristsdifferfromordinarypeopleinthesensethat

A、theygiveventtotheirSOITOWSinalaughableway

theyhavemuchtroubleintheirlifeandtheyaremelancholy

C、theyaremoresensibleofthesadnessoflifeandtheyendureandexpressthepain

cheerfully

D、theyaremostlyclownswithabreakingheart

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：stnsilive敏感的，容易受傷的;sensible明智的;sensaliunal裝動(dòng)的

senseless無知覺的。

17、Althoughthetwocompaniestalkedabouthowlittlethereisbetweenthem,

theystillexpecttoeliminateabout10,000positionsfromacombinedworkforceof

140,000aftertheirmergence.

A、overlap

B、combination

C、congregation

D、inundation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:overlap意為“復(fù)疊處”;combination意為“結(jié)合”;congregation意為

“集合"；inundalion意為“洪水”。本句話空格處表達(dá)的意思是：兩家公司之間的復(fù)

疊處多么少。A項(xiàng)符合題意，其他三項(xiàng)都與題意不符。因此本題答案為A。

18、Accordingtothepassage,"specialcasesreferstocaseswhere.

A、studentsattendaschoolonlypart-time

B、studentspurchasefalsedegreesfromcommercialHrms

C、studentsneverattendedaschooltheylistedontheirapplication

D、studentsattendedafamousschool

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：我竭力勸他加入我們的團(tuán)體，但遭到斷然的拒絕。refusal拒絕;

disapproval不同意,不贊成;rejection拒絕，抵制;decline婉言謝絕。flatrefusal

系固定搭配，意為“斷然拒絕”。

19、Theyaretoindustrialists,whoneedthevaluablecopperandnickelinthem.

A、tempting

tickling

C、tormenting

D、tricking

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：betemptingto有誘惑力的，促使去做；tickling反饋,回授;

lormeming折磨人的；tricking騙人的，使人上當(dāng)?shù)模?/p>

20>Itwasclearthatthestormhisarrivalbytwohours.

A、retarded

B、retrieved

C^refrained

D、retreated

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（retard延遲，放慢）。句意為：顯然，暴風(fēng)雨把他們到達(dá)的時(shí)間推遲

了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。B.retrieve重新得到;C.refrain忍住,抑制，后跟from；D.retreat

退卻。

21、Whydidyousuchagoodjobwhenjobsaresohardtoget?

A、throwabout

B、throwoff

C^throwup

D、throwout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22、AdversereviewsintheNewYorkpressmaygreatlychangetheprospectsofanew

Broadwayproduction.

A、additional

B、encouraging

C^unfavorable

D、subversive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、Thefloodsdidnotstarttountiltwodaysaftertherainhadstopped.

A、retire

B、recede

C^retreat

D、sink

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：R

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意是：直到雨停了兩天以后，洪水才開始退下去。tire指人、軍隊(duì)

等“退職，退位,退休，退役”;Retreat指軍隊(duì)“撤退”,回避；Recede可以指“潮水

退去”;Sink意為“下沉”。

24、Thecityisanimportantrailroadandindustrialandconventioncenter.

A、conjunction

B、network

C>junction

D、link

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：junction（道路或鐵路的）交叉點(diǎn)；conjunction連詞；結(jié)合在一起；

nelwork（網(wǎng)狀）系統(tǒng)；link鏈條的一環(huán)，環(huán)節(jié)。句意：這個(gè)城市是重要的鐵路樞紐，

也是工業(yè)和會(huì)議城市。

25、Itnowprettylate,wetookourcandlesandretiredtoourroom.

A>is

being

C>turned

D、got

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：當(dāng)分詞短語做狀語時(shí)，它的邏輯主語不是句子的主語，而有它自己的

主語，這就是分詞獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Itbeingnowprettylate是分詞獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，做原因

狀語。

26、Withitsanti-terrorismcampaigntakingoveranythingelse,thegovernment

isextendingitsjobandrunninginmoreaffairs.

A^superiority

B、priority

C、majority

D、polarity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

27、"Doyoulikeyourboss?"...No,heistoo.

A、indemand

demanded

C、ondemand

D、demanding

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

28、Hewastotakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfroman

earlyage.

A^deduced

B、damped

C^diminished

D^destined

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

29、Theprofitmotiveisinherentlywithprinciplesoffairnessandequity.

A、inline

B、intrade

C^attimes

D、atodds

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：分析句子的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系：發(fā)現(xiàn)利潤動(dòng)機(jī)和公平原則從木質(zhì)上來看是

矛盾的，單純追求利潤的行為勢必會(huì)破壞公平競爭的原則。故選atodds（爭執(zhí)，不

同意，意見不一致）。其他選項(xiàng)：inline成一直線，一致，有秩序；intrade做生

意：attimes有口寸，不時(shí)。

30Sheworelong,heavydresses,clothesthatallowedmovement.

A、minimumof

B、theminimumfor

C、herminimumof

D、aminimumof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子大意：她的連衣裙又長又重，身上的衣服令她—o本題旨在考

查固定搭配aminimumo廣最小的”。將各選項(xiàng)代人，只有D項(xiàng)符合題意，因此本題

選擇Do

二、閱讀理解(本題共130題，每題7.0分，共130

分。)

ManyUnitedStatescompanieshave,unfortunately,madethesearchforlegalprotection

fromimportcompetitionintoamajorlineofwork.Sincef980theUnitedStates

InternationalTradeCommission(ITC)hasreceivedabout280complaintsalleging

damagefromimportsthatbenefitfromsubsidiesbyforeigngovernments.Another340

chargethatforeigncompanies"dumped"theirproductsintheUnitedStatesat"lessthan

fairvalue."Evenwhennounfairpracticesarealleged,thesimpleclaimthatanindustry

hasbeeninjuredbyimportsissufficientgroundstoseekrelief.Contrarytothegeneral

impression,thisquestforimportreliefhashurtmorecompaniesthanithashelped.As

corporationsbegintofunctionglobally,theydevelopanintricatewebofmarketing,

production,andresearchrelationships.Thecomplexityoftheserelationshipsmakesit

unlikelythatasystemofiinpoitrelieflawswillmeetthestrategicneedsofalltheunits

underthesameparentcompany.Internationalizationincreasesthedangerthatforeign

companieswilluseimportrelieflawsagainsttheverycompaniesthelawsweredesigned

toprotect.SupposeaUniiedStates-ownedcompanyestablishesanoverseasplantto

manufactureaproductwhileitscompetitormakesthesameproductintheUnitedStates,

IfthecompetitorcanproveinjuryfromtheimportsandthattheUnitedStatesreceiveda

subsidyfromaforeigngovernmenttobuilditsplantabroadtheUnitedStatescompany's

productswillbeuncompetitiveintheUnitedStates,sincetheywouldbesubjecttoduties.

PerhapsthemostbrazencaseoccurredwhentheITCinvestigatedallegationsthat

CanadiancompanieswereinjuringtheUnitedStalessaltindustrybydumpingrocksalt,

usedtode-iceroads.Thebizarreaspectofthecomplaintwasthataforeignconglomerate

withUnitedStatesoperationswascryingforhelpagainstaUnitedStatescompanywith

foreignoperations.The"UnitedStates"companyclaiminginjurywasasubsidiaryofa

Dutchconglomerate,whilethe"Canadian"companiesincludedasubsidiaryofaChicago

firmthatwasthesecond-largestdomesticproducerofrocksalt.(332words)

31、Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段第一句是對前一段最后一句觀點(diǎn)的反駁。作者認(rèn)為這種做法弊

大于利。

32、WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecomplainttoITC?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：B項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在第一段后三句中未提到。

33、Whalisthefunctionofthelastparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容高度地慨括了最后一段要表達(dá)的意思。

34>WhichofthefollowingismostlikelytobetrueofUnitedStatestradelaws?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段最后一句證明D項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容是對的。

35Whatistheattitudeoftheauthortowardsthepracticeofimportrelief?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：通過全文可以看出作者對此做法是否定的。

SofarasIknow.MissHannahArendtwasthefirstpersontodefinetheessential

differencebetweenworkandlabor.Tobehappy,amanmustfeel,firstly,freeand,

secondly,important.Hecannotbereallyhappyifheiscompelledbysocietytodowhat

hedoesnotenjoydoing,orifwhatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueor

importance.Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,thesignthat

whatamandoesisofsocialvalueisthatheispaidmoneytodoit,butalaborertoday

canrightlybecalledawageslave.Amanisalaborerifthejobsocietyoffershimisofno

interesttohimselfbutheiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingand

supportinghisfamily.Theantithesistolaborisplay.Whenwcplayagame,weenjoy

whatwearedoing,otherwiseweshouldnotplayit,butitisapurelyprivateactivity;

societycouldnotcarelesswhetherweplayitornot.Betweenlaborandplaystands

work.Amanisaworkerifheispersonallyinterestedinthejobwhichsocietypayshim

todo;whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylaborisfromhisownpointof

viewvoluntaryplay.Whetherajobistobeclassifiedaslabororworkdepends,noton

thejobitself,butonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Thedifferencedoes

nut.furuxaiiiplv,coincidewiththediffcrunuebulwecuamanualandamenialjub;a

gardenerorcobblermaybeaworker,abankclerk,alaborer.Whichamaniscanbeseen

fromhisattitudetowardleisure.Toaworker,leisuremeanssimplythehoursheneedsto

relaxandrestinordertoworkefficiently.Heisthereforemorelikelytotaketoolittle

leisurethantoomuch;workersdieofcoronariesandforgettheirwives'birthdays.Tothe

laborer,ontheotherhand,leisuremeansfreedomfromcompulsion,sothatitisnatural

forhimtoimaginethefewerhourshehastospendlaboring,andthemorehoursheis

freetoplay,thebetter.

36、Thebesttitleforthepassagecouldbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

37、Ifapersonwishestobehappy,.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

38、Amanisalaborerif.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

39、Accordingtothepassage,whatissociety'sattitudetowardthegameweplay?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

40、Whichofthefollowingkindsofpersonisaworker?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

41、Whatdoesthelaborerthinkofleisure?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Manypeopleseemtothinkthatsciencefictionistypifiedbythecoversofsomeofthe

oldpulpmagazines:theBug-EyedMonster,embodyingeverytraitandfeaturethatmost

peoplefindrepulsive,isabouttograb,andpresumablyravish,asweet,blonde,

curvaceous,scantily-cladEarthgirl.Thisisunfortunatebecauseitdemeansanddegrades

aworthwhileandevenimportantliteraryendeavor.Incontrasttothisunwarranted

stereotype,sciencefictionrarelyemphasizessex,andv/henitdocs,itismorediscreet

thanothercontemporaryfiction.Instead,thebasicinterestofsciencefictionliesinthe

relationbetweenmanandhistechnologyandbetweenmanandtheuniverse.Science

fictionisaliteratureofchangeandaliteratureofthefuture,andwhileiiwouldbefoolish

toclaimthatsciencefictionisamajorliterarygenreatthistime,theaspectsofhuman

lifethatitconsidersmakeitwellworthreadingandstudying------fornootherliterary

formdoesquitethesamethings.Thequestionis:whatissciencefiction?Andtheanswer

mustbe,unfortunately,thattherehavebeenfewattemptstoconsiderthisquestionatany

lengthorwithmuchseriousness;itmaywellbethatsciencefictionwillresistany

comprehensivedefinitionofitscharacteristics.Tosaythis,however,doesnotmeanthat

therearenowaysofdefiningitnorthatvariousfacetsofitstotalitycannotbeclarified.

ToBegin,thefollowingdefinitionshouldbehelpful:sciencefictionisaliterarysub-

genrewhichpostulatesachange(forhumanbeings)fromconditionsasweknowthem

andfollowstheimplicationsofthesechangestoaconclusion.Althoughthisdefinition

willnecessarilybemodifiedandexpanded,andprobablychanged,inthecourseofthis

exploration,itcoversmuchofthebasicgroundworkandprovidesapointofdeparture.

Thefirstpoint------thatsciencefictionisaliterarysub-genre------isaveryimportant

one,butonewhichisoftenoverlookedorignoredinmostdiscussionsofsciencefiction.

Specifically,sciencefictioniseitherashortstoryoranovel.Thereareonlyafewdramas

whichcouldbecalledsciencefiction,withKarelCapek'sRUR(Rossum'sUniversal

Robots)beingtheonlyonethatiswellknown;thebodyofpoctrythatmightbelabeled

sciencefictionisonlyslightlylarger.Tosaythatsciencefictionisasub-genreofprose

fictionistosaythatithasallthebasiccharacteristicsandservesthesamebasicfunctions

inmuchthesamewayasprosefictioningeneral------thatis,itsharesagreatdealwith

allothernovelsandshortstories.Everythingthatcanbesaidaboutprosefiction,in

generalappliestosciencefiction.Everypieceofsciencefiction,whethershortstoryor

novel,musthaveanarrator,astory,aplot,asetting,character,language,andtheme.And

likeanyprose,thethemesofsciencefictionareconcernedwithinterpretingman'snature

andexperienceinrelationtotheworldaroundhim.Themesinsciencefictionarc

constructedandpresentedinexactlythesamewaysthatthemesaredealtwithinany

otherkindoffiction.Theyaretheresultofaparticularcombinationofnarrator,story,

plot,character,setting,andlanguage.Inshort,thereasonsforreadingandenjoying

sciencefiction,andthewaysofstudyingandanalyzingit,arebasicallythesameasthey

wouldbeforanyotherstoryornovel.

42Sciencefictioniscalledaliterarysub-genrebecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

43、Whichofthefollowingdoesnotusuallycontributetothethemeinapieceofscience

fiction?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

44、Theviewofsciencefictionencouragedbypulpmagazines,whilewrong,is

nevertheless.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

45Anappropriatetitlefbrthispassagewouldbe.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

46、Theauthor'sdefinitionsuggeststhatallsciencefictiondealswith.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

47、Oneimplicationofthefinalsentenceinthepassageisthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Modemtechnologyandsciencehaveproducedawealthofnewmaterialsandnewways

ofusingoldmaterials.Fortheartistthismeanswideropportunities.Thereisnodoubt

thatthelimitationsofmaterialsandnatureoftoolsbothrestrictandshapeaman'swork.

Observehowthedevelopmentofplasticsandlightmetalsalongwithnewmethodsof

weldinghaschangedthedirectionofsculpture.Transparentplasticmaterialsallowoneto

lookthroughanobject,toseeitsvarioussidessuperimposedoneachother(asinCubism

orinanX-ray).Today,weldingisasprevalentascastingwasinthepast.Thisnew

methodencouragesopendesigns,wheresurroundingandinterveningspacebecomesas

importantasformitself.Moreambiguousthanotherscientificinventionsfamiliarto

modemartists,butnolessinfluential,arcthepsychoanalyticstudiesofFreudandhis

followers,discoveriesthathaveinfiltratedrecentart,especiallySurrealism.The

Surrealists,intheirstruggletoescapethemonotonyandfrustrationsofeverydaylife,

claimedthatdreamsweretheonlyhope.Turningtotheirrationalworldoftheir

unconscious,theybanishedalltimebarriersandmoraljudgmentstocombine

disconnecteddreamexperiencesfromthepast,presentandinterveningpsychological

states.TheSurrealistswereconcernedwithoverlappingemotionsmorethanwith

overlappingforms.Theirpaintingsoftenbecomesegmentedcapsulesofassociative

experiences.Forthem,obsessiveandoftenunrelatedimagesreplacedthedirect

emotionalmessageofexpressionism.Theydidnotneedtosmashpaintandcanvas;they

wentbeyondthistosmashthewholecontinuityoflogicalthought.Thereislittledoubt

thatcontemporaryarthastakenmuchfromcontemporarylife.Inaperiodwhenscience

hasmaderevolutionarystrides,artistsintheirstudioshavenotbeenunawareofscientists

intheirlaboratories.Butthishasrarelybeenaone-waystreet.Paintersandsculptors,

thoughadmittedlyinfluencedbymodernscience,havealsomoldedandchangedour

world.Ifbreakuphasbeenavitalpartoftheirexpression,ithasnotalwaysbeena

symbolofdestruction.Quitethecontrary:ithasbeenusedtoexaminemorefully,to

penetratemoredeeply,toanalyzemorethoroughly,toenlarge,isolateandmakemore

familiarcertainaspectsoflifethatearlierwewereapttoneglect.Inaddition,it

sometimesprovidesrichmultipleexperiencessoorganizedasnotmerelytoreflectour

world,butinfacttointerpretit.

48、Theweldingtechniques.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中第1段最后說明焊接技術(shù)對雕刻藝術(shù)的影響，與A選項(xiàng)相符。

B：使物品細(xì)節(jié)清晰可見；C：給雕刻者的設(shè)計(jì)附加多個(gè)側(cè)面(這是新材料的作用，

而不是焊接技術(shù)的作用)；D：使藝術(shù)家適應(yīng)環(huán)境。

49>WecanlearnfromthetextthatFreud'sstudies.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析；由文中第2段第1句可知，弗洛伊德研究已經(jīng)滲透到超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義研究

中。D項(xiàng)與之意義吻合,A：弗洛伊德研究比其他科學(xué)發(fā)明更加難以理解；B：弗

洛伊德研究對其他科學(xué)發(fā)明產(chǎn)生了影響；C：弗洛伊德研究產(chǎn)生了超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義。

50、WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutSurrealists?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中第2段說，超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者試圖表達(dá)他們的潛意識(shí)世界。這正是B

選項(xiàng)所表述的內(nèi)容。A項(xiàng)中diminish（減少、降低）與原文的banish（消除、趕走）意思

不符；C：超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者可以將現(xiàn)實(shí)存在轉(zhuǎn)換成不連貫的夢境；D：超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者

想用直接的表達(dá)方式取代片斷性的想象。

51、Accordingtothepassage,itistruethat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章介紹了現(xiàn)代科技中新材料的出現(xiàn)和使用原有材料的新方法的運(yùn)用

對藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作的影響。因此C答案正確。

52、Thesentence"Butthishasrarelybeenaone-waystreet"inthelastparagraphmeans

that.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)上下文，“但這幾乎從來就不是單行道''在本文中的含義說明，科

學(xué)與藝術(shù)之間的影響并非單一，而是相互的。故選D。

TwotravelersengagedinawarmdisputeaboutthecoloroftheChameleon.Oneofthem

affirmeditwasblue,thathehadseenitwithhisowneyesuponthenakedbranchofa

tree,feedingontheairinaveryclearday.Theotherstronglyasserteditwasgreen,and

thathehadvieweditverycloselyandminutelyuponthebroadleafofafigtree.Bothof

themwerepositive,andthedisputewasrisingtoaquarrel;butathirdpersonluckily

comingby,theyagreedtoreferthequestiontohisdecision."Gentlemen,"saidthe

Arbitrator,"Youcouldnothavebeenmoreluckyinyourreference,asIhappentohave

caughtoneofthemlastnight;but,indeed,youarebothmistaken,forthecreatureis

totallyblack."MBlack,impossible.""Nay,"saidtheUmpire,withgreatassurance,"the

mattermaybesoondecided,forIimmediatelyenclosedmyChameleoninalittlebox,

andhereitis."Sosaying,hedrewitoutofhispocket,openedthehox,and,lo!Itwas

whiteassnow.

53、Thebestlessonthatthereadercanderivefromthisfableis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

54、ThereasonthewriterselectedtheChameleontoillustratehismoralisthatthe

Chameleon.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

55、ThequalityforwhichwemayjustlycriticizetheArbitratoris.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

AmericaLosesaGreatPublicThinkerArthurMiller'sdeathlastweekmeantmorethan

thelossofanoutstandingplaywright.Itwasthelossofagreatpublicthinkerwho

believedstronglythattheessenceofAmerica—itsgreatnesswasinitspromises.(51)

Millerknewwhatignoranceandfearandthemadnessofcrowds,esDeciallywhen

exploitedbysinisterleadership,coulddotothosepromises.(52)Hisgreatestconcerns,

"werewiththemoralcorruptionbroughtonbybendingone'sidealstosociety'sdictates,

buyingintothevaluesofagroupwhentheyconflictwiththevoiceofpersonal

conscience."(53)TheindividualinMiller'sview,hadanabidingmoralresponsibilityfor

hisorherownbehavior、andfor(hebehaviorofsocietyasawhole.Hesaidthat"Ifelt

thatasimprobableasitmightseem,thereweremomentswhenanindividualconscience

wasallthatcouldkeepaworldfromfalling."Millersawsomeofthedifferencesintwo

sharplydefinederas:theDepression-wracked1930sandtheprosperouspostwar1950s.It

wasperhapsaround1936,peoplewhousedtomindnopolitiesbeganthinkingforthe

firsttimeofcommonactionasawayoutoftheirimpossibleconditions.(54)Bythenarly

'50siheagonyofiheDepressionwasgone.McCarlhyismwasinflower.Allerthe50s,

however,Americansbecamemorepracticalandpragmatic.ThedeanoftheUniversityof

Michiganwascomplainingthathisstudents'highestgoalwastofitinwithcorporate

Americafatherthantoseparatetruthfromfalsehood.(55)“Theybecameexpertsat

grade-getting,butthere'slessspeculatingaboutthewrongsoftheworldandideal

solutionssomethingnoemployerwasinterestedin."NowMillerisgone,andifwcarc

notwiseenoughtopayattention,hisuncomfortabletruthswilldiewithhim.

56、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：AsagreatthinkerMillerunderstoodwhatkindofdamagetheignorance,fear

andthemadnessofcrowdswoulddototheessenceofAmerica,ifevilleaderstake

advantageofthem.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

57、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Whatheworriedaboutisthatifindividualsareforcedbysocietytosacrifice

theirdrcamsandcaterto:hctastesofmasses,whichrunagainstpersonalconscience,the

moralwoulddeteriorate.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

58、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Millerheldtheideathatthemoralofindividualinfluencesnotonlyhisorher

ownbehavior,butalsothatofthesociety.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

59、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：In1950s,theshadowoftheDepressionwasleft.ButMcCarthyism—a

hostileattitudetowardanythingthat's"red"or"communist1,,wasinitsfullswing.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

60、

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Thosestudentsaregoodatgettinghighscores,buttheyseldomthinkabout

theproblemsthisworldisfacingandthewaytosolvethem,whichisnoboss'sbusiness.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That'saquestionmarketresearcherswouldloveto

answer.Butsincepeopledon'talwayssaywhattheythink,marketerswouldneeddirect

accesstoconsumers'thoughtstogetthetruth.Now,inaway,thatispossible.Atthe

"MindoftheMarket"laboratoryatHarvardBusinessSchool,researchersarelooking

insideshoppers1skullstodevelopmoreeffectiveadvertisementsandmarketingpitches.

Usingimagingtechniquesthatmeasurebloodflowtovariouspartsofthebrain,the

Harvardteamhopestopredicthowconsumerswillreacttoparticularproductsandto

discoverthemosteffectivewaystopresentinformation.StephenKosslyn,aprofessorof

psychologyatHarvard,andbusinessschoolprofessorGeraldZakman,overseethelab.

"Thegoalisnottomanipulatepeople'spreferences,"saysKosslyn,"justtospeaktoiheir

actualdesires."Thegroup'sfindings,thoughstillpreliminary,couldradicallychange

howfirmsdevelopandmarketnewproducts.TheHarvardgroupusepositionemission

tomography(PET)scanstomonitorthebrainactivity.ThesePETscans,alongwithother

non-invasiveimagingtechniques,enableresearcherstoseewhichpartsofthebrainare

activeduringspecifictasks(suchasrememberingaword).Correlationshavebeenfound

betweenbloodflowtospecificareasandfuturebehavior.Becauseofthis,Harvard

researchersbelievethescanscanalsopredictfuturepurchasingpatterns.Accordingtoan

unpublishedpaperthegroupproduced,"Itispossibletousethesetechniquestopredict

notonlywhetherpeoplewillrememberandhavespecificemotionalreactionstocertain

materials,butalsowhethertheywillbeinclinedtowantthosematerialsmonthslater."

TheHarvardgroupisnowmovingintothenextstageofexperiments.Theywillexplore

howpeoplerememberadvertisementsaspartofanefforttopredicthowtheywillreactto

aproductafterhavingseenanad.Theresearchersbelievethatoncekeyareasofthebrain

areidentified,scansonabouttwodozenvolunteerswillbeenoughtodrawconclusions

aboutthereactionsofspecificsegmentsofthepopulation.Largecorporationsincluding

CocaCola,EastmanKodak,GeneralMotors,andHallmark-havealreadysignedupto

fundfurtherinvestigations.Fortheirfinancialsupport,thesefirmsgainaccesstothe

experimentsbutcannotcontrolthem.IfKosslynandZaltmanandtheirteamreallycan

readthemindofthemarket,thenconsumersmayfinditevenhardertogetthose

advertisingjingles-outoftheirheads.

61>Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbethebesttitleforthispassage?