專題16.3 閱讀理解（說明文）（第01期）

2019年中考真題英語分項匯編（一）【2019?重慶市中考】CinyeeChiu,anartistfromTaiwan,isalwayshappytotrysomethingnew.Heramazingworkswonlotsofprizes.Amongthem,＂24SolarTerms(節(jié)氣)＂isthemostpopular.AncientChinesedividedayearinto24partsaccordingtothechangesoftheweather.It’sthe24solarterms.Butnoteveryoneknowsthemwell.CinyeeChiuputthe24solarternsinpicturestohelppeopleunderstandthembetter.Cinyeeturnedeachsolartermintoananimal.Buttheseanimalsarenotjustanimals.Youcanalsofindseasonalfruits,vegetablesorbeautifulflowersonthem.Whenspringcomes,watergetswarmandfishstarttoswimaround.SoCinyeechosefishasasymbolofStartofSpring.Also,shedrewspringvegetables,Chinesechivesonthebackofthefish.WhiteDewfallsonaboutSept.8.Itshowsthebeginningofthecoolautumn.Therearecolorfulleavesandcoolernightsatthistimeofyear.Asthetemperaturefalls,whitedew(露珠)isoftenseenonthegrassandtreesatnight.ForWhiteDew,Cinyeechosearaccoon—asmallanimalwiththickhair.Shedrewwhitespots(小圓點(diǎn))ontheraccoontoshowdew.Andsheusedthedragonfruittoshowtherichcolorsinautumn.TheyoungartistreallygavetheancientChinesecultureanewlook.1.Thewritergave___________examplestoshowCinyee’s＂24SolarTerms＂.A.two B.three C.four D.five2.FromParagraph5,weknowthat___________.A.araccoonlikesfishB.StartofSpringfallsonaboutDec.8C.WhiteDewshowstheendoftheautumnD.Cinyeeusedwhitespotstoshowdew3.Accordingtothepassage,Picture___________can’tbefromCinyee’s＂24SolarTerms＂.A. B. C. D.4.Thewritermainlywantstotalkabout___________.A.whyCinyeemadeherselfknownB.whodividedayearinto24partsC.howCinyeeshowedthe24solartermsD.whatStartofSpringandWhiteDewmean（二）【2019?浙江省溫州市】Manyobjectsintheuniverseareinvisible,buttheysendradiowaves.Theradiotelescopethusappeared,anditisconsideredoneofthegreatestinventionsinthetwentiethcentury.Reberbuilttheworld’sfirstradiotelescopein1937.RyleandHewishdevelopedradiotelescopesystemsforthelocationofweakradiosources,andtheysharedtheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin1974.Aradiotelescopeisusuallymadeupof:Oneormoreantennastocollecttheradiowaves.Mostantennasaremadeintheshapeofadishtocollectandreflect,theradiowavestothesub-reflector,inthesamewayasacurvedmirrorfocusesvisiblelighttoonepoint.Areceiverandamplifiertoreceivetheradiowavesfromthesub-reflector,andmaketheseweakradiowavesstrongenoughtoberecordedandturnedintoelectronicsignals.Tomakeanamplifiersensitiveenough,itisusuallycooledto,verylowtemperatures(e.g.aslowas-270℃）.Arecordertokeeparecordoftheelectronicsignals.Most:radiotelescopestodaykeepthesignalstothecomputer’smemorydiskforastronomerstoanalyzelater.Radiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.TocatchRadiowavelengthsaremuchlongerthanthoseofvisiblelight,andtheradiowavesfromdeepspacearealwaysweak.Tocatchthesewaves,radiotelescopesusuallyhavehugeantennas.Thesizesofmostantennasinusetodayarearound50to300metresindiameter.TheantennaofFASTinGuizhou,China,thelatestandlargestradiotelescopeintheworld,is500metresindiameter,aslargeasthesizeof30footballfields.Toavoidinterferences,andkeepthetelescopessensitive,radiotelescopesarebuiltinplaceswheretherearenohumanradiowavesorelectronicsignals.Forexample,FASTis5kilometresawayfromtheclosestvillageand25kilometresawayfromthenearesttown.Radiotelescopescreatepicturesofthesky,notinvisiblelight,butinradiowaves.Thisisextremelyuseful,becausethereareobjectsthatcan’tbeseen,objectsthatwewouldn’tevenknowwithoutradiotelescopes.5.Radiotelescopeshelpcollect___________fromtheuniverseA.light B.objects C.radiowaves D.visiblesignals6.Mostantennasofradiotelescopesaremadeintheshapeofadishto___________.A.maketheantennasstrongenough B.increasethenumberofradiowavesC.turnradiowavesintoelectronicsignals D.focusradiowavesonthesub-reflector7.Theunderlinedword"interferences"inthepassagerefersto___________.A.thenoisesmadebyvillagersandanimalsB.thesoundsfromtheradiosandtelevisionsC.thepeoplewhogotoGuizhoutowatchFASTworkD.theradiowavesandelectronicsignalsfromhumans8.Whathavewedonewiththehelpofradiotelescopes?A.Wehavereceivedpicturesofdeepspace.B.Wehavediscoveredunknownlivesintheuniverse.C.Wehavefoundsomeunknownobjectsintheuniverse.D.Wehaveturnedtheradiowavesfromspaceintolight.（三）【2019?浙江省衢州市】Theworldhasaplasticsproblem.Andnotjustwithbottles.Straws(吸管),toothbrushes,toys—allkindsofplasticsareplacedinlandfills.Thereare5billiontonsofplasticwasteintheworld.Landfillshavealargepartofit.By2050,theycouldhave13billiontons.Muchofplasticrubbishfindsitswayintotheocean.Scientistssay165milliontonsofplasticpiecesarefloatingaroundoutthere.Andmostplasticwon’tdisappearitself.Itwillremainintheoceanforever.Whalesgetcaughtinplasticfishingnets.Birdsdiebecauseofeatingplasticstrawsandbottlecaps.Itendangersoceanlife.Plasticrubbishevenendsupinthefoodweeat.Governmentsarerealizingthatrecyclingmaynotbeenough.Theyaretakingmoreactions.Thoughitishardwork,itisstillasolvableproblem.InBritain,peoplearenotallowedtouseplasticbagsexceptinhospitals.ScotlandandseveralcoastalcitiesintheUSstoppeoplefromusingplasticstrawsaswell.TheUSalonethrowsawaysome500millionplasticstrawsaday.That’senoughtocircletheEarthtwice.＂Sayingnotoaplasticstrawisaneasywaytomakeabigdifference,＂DanaLofflinwhostartedsaid.＂Dowereallywanttopassontoourchildrenaworldharmedbyplastic?＂Peoplehavefoundsometastywaystoreducewaste.AcompanyinIndiamadethefirst-everspoonthatpeoplecaneat.Youdon’thavetoeatthespoon.Youcanthrowitaway.Itdecomposes(分解)injustafewdays.DavidEdwards,ascientistatHarvardUniversity,designedaneatablebagwhichcanprotectthefoodordrinkinside.Itisadeliciousreplacementforplasticones.9.Accordingtothewrite,birdsdiebecausethey___________.A.eatbottlecapsandstraws B.getcaughtinfishingnetsC.feedonoceananimals D.havethespoonsinIndia10.Theunderlinedword"endangers"inParagraph2probablymeans___________.A.brings B.loses C.harms D.saves11.Thepurposeofthepassageismainlyto___________.A.introducesomewaystorecyclewasteB.tellreadersabouttheproblemwithplasticsC.compareairpollutionandplasticpollutionD.describehowtheUSisreducingplasticwaste12.Fromthepassage,wecantellthattheplasticsproblem___________.A.istoobigforpeopletosolve B.canbesolvedbyrecyclingaloneC.canbesolved,butitwon’tbeeasy D.willhavetobesolvedbyfuturescientists（四）【2019?四川省廣安市】Artificialintelligence(AI)(人工智能)istheabilityofacomputerprogramoramachine.ThecomputerorthemachinewithAIcanthinkandlearn.Itisalsoafieldofstudythattriestomakecomputers"smart".JohnMcCarthy,ascientist,cameupwith(提出)thename"artificialintelligence"over60yearsago.Manythingssuchaslearningandproblemsolvingcanbedonebycomputers,thoughnotinthesamewayaspeopledo.AnunusualgoalofAIresearchistocreatecomputerprograms.Theycanlearn,solveproblems,andthinklogically(邏輯地）.Atpresent,Alcansuccessfullyunderstandinghumanspeech,recognizie(識別）humanfaces,operateself-drivingcarsandcompeteinsomegamesystemslikeplayingChess.However,somepeoplealsoconsider(認(rèn)為）AIadangertohumansifitdevelopstooquickly.AfamousBritishscientistalsowasnotforthiskindoftechnology.MathisthebasiclanguageofAI.Ifstudentsaregoodatmath,theywillbemorelikelytobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners(設(shè)計者）inthefuture.Weneednotonlybrightstudents,butalsoaverage(普通的）students.Asfor(對于）averagestudents,iftheygetenoughmathskills,theycanalsobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners.Besides,agoodknowledgeofcomputerscienceisalsonecessaryforAIdesigning.Scientistshopetocreatecreative(有創(chuàng)造力）andemotional(有感情的）AI.TheAIcanpossiblyunderstandhumanfeelingsorcreateart.Manywaysandtoolshavebeentriedtodiscoverthiswideandexcitingfield.13.FromParagraph1,weknowthat___________.A.allproblemscanbesolvedbycomputersB.machineswithAIcanthinkandlearnC.AIhasbeenaroundforonly60yearsD.AIworksinthesamewayaspeople14.Accordingtothepassage,whatcan’tAIdoatpresent?A.Understandhumanspeech. B.Operateself-drivingcars.C.Competeinsomegamesystems. D.Understandhumanfeelings.15.Theunderlinedword＂it＂inParagraph2refersto(指的是）___________.A.chess B.ascientist C.thedanger D.AI16.Accordingtothepassage,ifstudentswanttobecomesuccessfulAIdesigners,theyshouldlearn___________well.A.mathandart B.artandtechnologyC.mathandcomputerscience D.artandcomputerscience17.Paragraph4mainlytellsusthescientist___________aboutAI.A.wishes B.worries C.feelings D.discoveries（五）【2019?安徽省中考】Theworldusesaboutathousandmillion(百萬)tonsofwateraday.Waterisahumanrightandeveryoneshouldhavetheirshare.Yetmorethan700millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavetroublegettingclean,safewater.Treatingwastewaterisagoodwaytoprovidefreshwaterforus.Anditalsohelpstheenvironmentbykeepingwasteoutofriversandoceans.80%ofwastewateraroundtheworldisnottreatedatall,anditisrunningintooceans.Butnowwehavegotthetechnologytotreatandreusethewastewater.While75%ofourplanetiscoveredwithwater,onlyabout2%isfreshwater—thatcomesfromrivers,lakes,iceandsnow.Therest,98%ofthewater,isinseasandoceans.Itistoosaltytodrink.Thendesalinationbusinessescomein.Morethan19,000factorieshavebeenbuiltaroundtheworld,mostlyincoastalcountries.Theyprocess(加工)morethan92milliontonsofwatereveryday.Butthetechnologytheyuserequiresalotofenergy.Scientistsareworkingtocreatealesscostlytechnology.Theywanttoproduce20timesmorecleanwaterandmakesureeveryonehasenough.Butfornow,theworldstillfaceseachdaywithnothavingenoughwaterforeveryone.18.Howmanypeoplehavetroubleingettingcleanwateraroundtheworld?A.Under10million. B.Only19million.C.About92million. D.Over700million.19.Treatingwastewaterhelpstheenvironmentby___________.A.storingwasteiniceandsnow B.lettingwasterunintooceansC.keepingwasteoutofriversandoceans D.sendingwastetocoastalcountries20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desalination"inParagraph3mean?A.遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸 B.潮汐發(fā)電 C.食鹽銷售 D.海水淡化21.Atpresent,thetechnologytoprocesswater___________.A.needsmuchenergy B.savesmuchmoneyC.satisfieseveryone D.causespollution22.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Watershouldbeahumanright. B.Thewaterproblemisstillserious.C.Ourplanetiscoveredwithwater. D.Everyonehasenoughcleanwater.（六）【2019?山東省青島市】Windpowerisaverycleansourceofenergy.Thisishowwindpowerworks.Windmakeswindmillsspin(旋轉(zhuǎn)).Whenthewindmillsspin,theymakeelectricity.Thenwecanusetheelectricity.Alotofpeoplethinkthatwindpowerisnew,butthat’snottrue.Forthousandsofyears,peoplehaveusedwindtosailboatsandmovewater.Westilldothosethingstoday,butthesedayswemostlyusewindpowertomakeelectricity.Windpowerisaverypopularsourceofenergy.Mostpeoplethinkthatweshoulduseitmoreandmore.Firstofall,it’sclean.Windmillsdon’tpollutetheenvironmentatall.Second,wecanusewindpowerforever.Afterall,wewillalwayshavewind.Also,windpowerischeap,andit’sgettingevencheaper.Alotofpeopledon’tunderstandwindpowerverywell.Theybelievethatthereareproblemswithwindpower,butmanyofthoseproblemsarenotreal.Forexample,somepeoplesaythatwindmillsaredangerousforbirds.Theyusedtobetrue,butitisn’ttrueanymore.Oldwindmillskilledbirdsbecausetheyspunveryfast.Newwindmillsspinslowly,andtheyaren’tdangerousforbirds.However,therearerealproblemswithwindmills.Oneproblemisthatmanypeoplethinkwindmillsareveryugly.Thisisaproblemforpeople,becausewindmillsareofteninveryprettyareas.Also,winddoesn’tblowallthetime,sowecan’tusewindpowerallthetime.Finally,windmillsarenoisy.Windpowerisbecomingmoreandmorecommon.Rightnow,morethan80countriesusewindpower.About2.5percentoftheworld’spowercomesfromthewind.Forsomecountries,thatnumberisalothigher.WindpowergivesDenmarkmorethan25percentofitselectricity.23.WhyDON’Tnewwindmillskillbirds?Because___________.A.birdsdon’tflynearthem B.theyspinslowlyC.theyareshorterthanoldwindmills D.newwindmillsdon’tspin24.Whendidpeoplestartusingwindpower?A.About25yearsago. B.About80yearsago.C.About500yearsago. D.Over1,000yearsago.25.___________,soweCAN’Tusewindpowerallthetime.A.Windmillsbreakallthetime B.Wecan’tusewindmillsatnightC.Windmillsaretooexpensivetouseallthetime D.Winddoesn’tblowallthetime26.Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutwindpower?A.Mostpeopledon’tlikeit. B.It’sgettingcheaper.C.Denmarkdoesn’tuseit. D.It’sgettingmoreexpensive.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ExpensiveWindmills B.CheapandCleanEnergyC.PopularandCleanWindPower D.DangerousBirds（七）【2019?江蘇省宿遷市】Technologyisdevelopingfastandithasbecomeanimportantpartofourlife.Thenwhatwilltheworldbelikeinthefuture?3-Dfoodwillbebothdeliciousandnutritious(有營養(yǎng)的).Wecanuse3-Dprinterstoprintsomebasicmaterials.①Andwecangofurther.Scientistsbelievethatwejustneedtoturnonaprinterinthekitchenandthenwecanenjoyourfavouritefoodwheneverwelike.②5Gnetworkwillallowmanymorepeopletogetinformation.BigcompanieslikeChinaMobileandChinaUnicomwillstarttooffer5G.Itissaidthatpromisesdownloadspeeds10to20timesfasterthan4G.Forexample,wecandownloadafilmwithinjust1second.Butwitha4Gnetwork,ittakesafewminutes.Therewillbemuchbandwidth(帶寬)andwecangetunlimited(無限的)information.Underwatercitieswillprovidemorespace.Theearthisbecomingmoreandmorecrowded.Wemayturntounderwaterhomes,whichwillbebuiltaslowas15oftheseacanbeusedtoprovidepowerforthehomes.③Foruscommonpeopleontheearth,thedreamoftravellingaroundspacewillcometrue.Inthecomingyears,spacecraftwillbeaspopularasbuses,trainsandplanes.Wecanleaveourhomeandenterspacetotakeanadventure(冒險).Andevenwewillgetusedtolivingthere.Arobotwillbeapartoflife.Robotscandomanyofthesamethingsaswehumansdolikedrivingcars.Buttheywillbeusedinotherareasaswell.Theywillbeabletothink.Theycantellthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong.Theycanfeel④Inaword,justasJulesVernesaid,＂Anythingonemancanimagine,othermencanmakereal.＂28.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthefutureworldisTRUE?A.3-Dfoodwillbeeasytomakebutwon’ttastegood.B.With5G,userswillgetonlyalittleinformation.C.Underwatercitieswillprovidemorelivingspace.D.Arobotwilldoeverythingforusashumanbeings.29.Wherecanthesentence＂Spacetourwillbeapieceofcake.＂Beput?A.① B.② C.③ D.④30.Whatcanweinfer(推斷)fromthepassage?A.peoplewillliveahardlifeinthefuture.B.Technologywillmakeourfuturebetter.C.Peoplewillhavenorealfriendinthefuture.D.Technologywillmakenodifferencetoourfuture.31.Wheredoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A.Astorybook. B.Afilmposter.C.Atravelguide. D.Asciencemagazine.（八）【2019?山東省濱州市】OnApril19th,apottery(陶器)exhibitionwasheldatWuhanOpticalExperimentalValleySchool.Manypiecesofpotteryindifferentsizeswereshownattheschool.Somewereabitbroken,butallofthemwerebeautifulworksofartcreatedbythestudents.Attheendoflastyear,theschoolstartedaprojectthatcalledonteacherstocollectdisusedorbrokenpiecesofpotteryfromthecountryside.Sofar,theyhavecollectedabout3,000pieces."PotteryusedtoplayanimportantroleinthedailylivesofChinesepeople."schoolheadMaGuoxintoldthereporter."Bypotterypainting,thestudentscanimprovethemselvesinmanyways.Theycanbetterunderstandthehistoryofthepottery,puttheircreativityintothepotteryandshowtheloveforlifeandbeauty."Studentsturnedthepotteryintodifferentworksofart.Theywereallencouragedtopaintpicturesonthepottery,eventhoughsomestudentsdidn’tknowhowtopaint.WangZixuan,astudentfromGradeEight,withlittleknowledgeofpainting,paintedabeautifulnightsceneryonapieceofpottery.Itwassonicethatmanystudentslovedit.Almosteveryclassroomhascolouredpiecesofpottery.Theyareeitherusedasflowerpotsorpencontainers（筆筒）.Theschoolhasalsosetupseveralartcornerstoshowthepottery.Forexample,thestudentshaveputupsomepotteryonbookcasesoutsideofalecturehall（報告廳）Ithasbecomeanenjoyableplaceforstudentstorestandread.32.OnApril19th,a___________exhibitionwasheldatWuhanOpticalValleyExperimentSchool.A.flower B.film C.pottery D.costume33.Accordingtothepassage,___________wereencouragedtopaintthepottery.A.thestudentswhopaintedverywellB.thestudentswhogotgoodgradesC.thestudentswhodidn’tknowhowtopaintD.allthestudentsintheschool34.Bypotterypainting,thestudentscanimprovethemselvesinmanywaysEXCEPT___________.A.knowinghowtocollectpotteryB.betterunderstandingthehistoryofthepotteryC.puttingtheircreativityintothepotteryD.showingtheloveforli