2024屆上海市松江區(qū)高三下學(xué)期模擬考質(zhì)量監(jiān)控英語試卷（解析版）

松江區(qū)2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期模擬考質(zhì)量監(jiān)控試卷高三英語(滿分140分，完卷時間120分鐘)考生注意：1.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分，試卷包括試題與答題要求，所有答題必須涂(選擇題)或?qū)?非選擇題)在答題紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。2.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫學(xué)校、班級、姓名和考號。3.答題紙與試卷在試題編號上是一一對應(yīng)的，答題時應(yīng)特別注意，不能錯位。Ⅰ.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.At8:00.B.At8:15.C.At8:30.D.At8:45.2.A.Aprofessor.B.Acoach.C.Anengineer.D.Anurse.3.A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahairdresser’s.C.Atacinema.D.Atatailor’s.4.A.Waystovisitauniversity.B.Twostudenttourguides.C.AtourofFudanUniversity.D.ThecampusofFudanUniversity.5.A.Theydidnotmakeittherefinally.B.Theywerenotwellreceivedthere.C.Theyexperiencedsomethingunpleasantontheway.D.Theyhadawonderfultimebeforetheyarrivedthere.6.A.Excited.B.Interested.C.Confused.D.Annoyed.7.A.Practicethepresentationinfrontofhim.B.Watchhowhemakesapresentation.C.Reducethetimespentinpracticing.D.Findoutwhoheraudiencewillbe.8A.Sheisalwaysabsent-minded.B.Sheforgottotellthemanaboutit.C.SheisunclearaboutSophie’splan.D.Sheslippedintheneighboringtown.9.A.Becauseittookhimmuchtimetogotowork.B.Becausehehadtosavemoneyforhisjourney.C.Becausethejobarrangedmanybusinessjourneys.D.Becauseheconsidereditunluckytohavethatjob.10.A.Buyanewprinterwithlessnoise.B.Askthemantoborrowaprinter.C.Readabookonhowtofixtheprinter.D.Getsomeonetorepairtheprinter.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwopassagesandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Howencorescameintoexistence.B.Howbandsperformencoresproperly.C.Whyaudiencesusedtoneedencores.D.Whyencoresarepartofaperformance.12.A.The17thcentury.B.The18thcentury.C.The19thcentury.D.The20thcentury.13.A.Frenchpeopleweremoreinterestedinencoresthanothers.B.Bandsusuallypreparemorethantwoencoresforeachshow.C.Recordingtechnologyboostedaudiences’needsforencores.D.Musicianscangetrechargedduringthebreakbeforeencores.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.Becauseoftherulefortheclass.B.Becauseofthecoursematerials.C.Becausethespeakerchangedhistopics.D.Becausethespeakerdislikedtechnology.15.A.Thestudentsdonotassessthespeaker’sclassfairly.B.Thestudentsaresatisfiedwiththeclassenvironment.C.Thespeakerdidnotfavorleavingtechnologyatthedoor.D.Thespeakerwereworriedaboutstudents’evaluationonhim.16.A.Itwillstopstudentsgettingonwelltogether.B.Itmayhelpstudentsbetterunderstandthemes.C.Itwillimproveteachingeffectbygivingstudentsmorehelp.D.Itmaydistractstudentsfromdiggingdeepwithinthemselves.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.Doctorandpatient.B.Salesmanandcustomer.C.Teacherandstudent.D.Employerandemployee.18.A.Fishingindustry.B.Statistics.C.Computermodeling.D.Note-taking.19.A.Sheisgoodatmakingmodelcomputers.B.Shehasdecidedonthetitleoftheessay.C.Sheisuninterestedincopingwithstatistics.D.Shehasalwaysbeenweakatnote-taking.20.A.Learntotakenotesimmediately.B.Findoutpossiblestrategiesalone.C.Readformoreusefulinformation.D.Workonherweaknessesbyherself.Ⅱ.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.RemoteWorkSlowsSeniorHousingMarketRecoveryWiththeriseofremotework,themarketforseniorhousinghasmetwithproblemsinitsrecovery.Onlyafewoldpeoplechoosetoliveinsenior-livingcommunities___1___thegrowingseniorpopulationandthecancelationofCOVID-19restrictionsoncemakingfamilyvisitsdifficult.___2___thistrendsuggestsisthatpeople’sshifttoremoteworkcontributestotheslowreboundoftheseniorhousingmarket.Thatis,remoteworkiskeepingmanyolderAmericansfrommovingintosenior-livingcommunitiesoncewarmly___3___(welcome).Whenmoreadultsbeganworkingremotelyduringthepandemic(流行病),theywereabletocheckinonagingparentseasily—they___4___takecareoftheirparents’issuesonshortnotice.Expertshavebeenanalyzingthephenomenonindifferentways.Somefoundthatthegreaterflexibilitytocareforparents___5___(mean)people’sdelayinsendingagedparentstoexpensivesenior-housingaccommodations.Therefore,marketswithhighlevelsofpeopleworkingfromhomeusuallyhavelowersenior-housingoccupancyrates.Otherssaidremoteworkmighthavesomeeffectbutalsopointedtodifferentfactors.Forinstance,manyseniorsthinkthattheirfamilywalletsaregettingthinner,makingsomeofthemreluctant___6___(send)tosenior-livingcommunities.Theageatwhichpeopleenterseniorhousingisalsoincreasing,___7___servesasanothersignthatshowspeoplearechoosingtodelaytransitioning.Therisingcostofseniorlivingweighsheavilyonthatdecision.TheCPI(consumer-priceindex)fornursinghomesandadultdayservicesrose4.5%lastMaycomparedwith___8___inMay,2022.Still,manysenior-housingoperatorsareoptimistic.When___9___(illustrate)theirpoint,theyshowedanincreaseinthenumberofpeopleturning80yearsoldoverthefollowingyearsandtheactualwealththeyhavecollected.Moreover,theyfindremoteworkarrangementsaredecreasinginsomepartsofthecountry,____10____employeestherehaveseentheirloweredproductivitywhileworkingfromhome.【答案】1.despite2.What3.welcomed4.could5.meant6.tobesent7.which8.that9.illustrating10.because##since##as【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了隨著遠(yuǎn)程辦公的流行，只有少數(shù)老年人選擇住在老年生活社區(qū)，從而導(dǎo)致老年人住房市場緩慢反彈。盡管挑戰(zhàn)依然存在，但許多老年住宅運營商仍持樂觀態(tài)度，相信未來會有新的發(fā)展機遇?！?題詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管老年人口不斷增加，一度使家庭訪問變得困難的COVID-19限制被取消，但只有少數(shù)老年人選擇住在老年生活社區(qū)。分析句子可知，空前為完整的句子，表示“只有少數(shù)老年人選擇住在老年生活社區(qū)”，空后為兩個并列的名詞短語，表示“老年人口不斷增加，一度使家庭訪問變得困難的COVID-19限制被取消”，前后是讓步的關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用意為“盡管”的介詞despite。故填despite。【2題詳解】考查主語從句。句意：這一趨勢表明，人們轉(zhuǎn)向遠(yuǎn)程工作，導(dǎo)致老年人住房市場緩慢回升。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作整個句子的主語，主語從句缺少賓語，結(jié)合句意可知，該賓語指物，應(yīng)用連接代詞what作引導(dǎo)詞，且句首單詞的首字母需大寫。故填What。【3題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：也就是說，遠(yuǎn)程工作使許多美國老年人無法搬進(jìn)曾經(jīng)受到熱烈歡迎的老年生活社區(qū)。分析句子可知，空處作senior-livingcommunities的后置定語，是非謂語動詞，welcome和senior-livingcommunities邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，且結(jié)合“once”可知，動作已完成，應(yīng)用welcome的過去分詞形式。故填welcomed?！?題詳解】考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：當(dāng)更多的成年人在疫情期間開始遠(yuǎn)程工作時，他們能夠很容易地照顧年邁的父母——他們可以在短時間內(nèi)照顧父母的問題。分析句子可知，空后的動詞短語為原形，結(jié)合“theywereabletocheckinonagingparentseasily”可知，空處指“能夠”，且描述的是過去的情況，應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞could。故填could?！?題詳解】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：一些人發(fā)現(xiàn)，照顧父母的更大靈活性意味著人們推遲將年邁的父母送到昂貴的老年住房。分析句子可知，空處作賓語從句的謂語，結(jié)合“found”可知，此處在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填meant?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：例如，許多老年人認(rèn)為他們的家庭錢包越來越少，這使得他們中的一些人不愿意被送到老年生活社區(qū)。根據(jù)“reluctant”可知，此處用固定短語bereluctanttodosth.表示“不愿意做某事”，且send和someofthem邏輯上是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用send的不定式被動形式。故填tobesent?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：老年人入住老年住宅的年齡也在增加，這是人們選擇推遲過渡的另一個跡象。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代主句內(nèi)容，作從句主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which。8題詳解】考查代詞。句意：與2022年5月相比，去年5月養(yǎng)老院和成人日間服務(wù)的消費者價格指數(shù)（CPI）上漲了4.5%。分析句子可知，空處作介詞with的賓語，表示對比，指代前面的TheCPI(consumer-priceindex)fornursinghomesandadultdayservices，為避免重復(fù)，應(yīng)用代詞that。故填that?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句中的省略。句意：在說明他們的觀點時，他們展示了在接下來的幾年里，80歲以上的人數(shù)和他們實際積累的財富的增加。分析句子可知，此處用了When引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，從句的主語和主句的主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞，可以省略從句的主語和be動詞，illustrate和被省略的主語they之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用illustrate的現(xiàn)在分詞形式。故填illustrating。【10題詳解】考查原因狀語從句。句意：此外，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程工作安排在該國某些地區(qū)正在減少，因為那里的員工發(fā)現(xiàn)在家工作時生產(chǎn)率降低了。分析句子可知，空處前后為完整的句子，空前表示“他們發(fā)現(xiàn)遠(yuǎn)程工作安排在該國某些地區(qū)正在減少”，空后表示“那里的員工發(fā)現(xiàn)在家工作時生產(chǎn)率降低了”，前為結(jié)果，后為原因，因此可用從屬連詞because、since或as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。故填because/since/as。SectionBDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.accompaniedB.allowedC.feasiblyD.fueledE.intensityF.optionG.promptingH.routineI.surgicallyJ.underlyingK.variedBrainSignalsforLastingPainBrainsignalsthatrevealhowmuchpainapersonisinhavebeendiscoveredbyscientistswhosaytheworkisasteptowardsnewtreatmentsforpeoplelivingwithlastingpain.Itisthefirsttimeresearchershavedecodedthebrainactivity___11___patients’lastingpain.ThathasraisedthehopethatbrainstimulationtreatmentalreadyusedforParkinson’sandmajordepressioncanhelpthoserunningoutofanyother___12___.“We’velearnedthatlastingpaincanbetrackedandpredictedintherealworld,”saidPrasadShirvalkar,leadresearcherontheprojectattheUniversityofCalifornia.Lastingpainaffectsnearly28millionadultsintheUKalone,andthecausesare___13___.rangingfromcancertobackproblems.Thatbeingthecase,lastingpainhas___14___ariseintakingpowerfulpainkillers.Butnomedicaltreatmentsworkwellforthecondition,___15___expertstocallforacompleterethinkinhowhealthserviceshandlepatientswithlastingpain.Forthelateststudy,Shirvalkarandhiscolleagues___16___implantedelectrodes(電極)intofourpatientswithlastingpainhardtodealwithafterthelossoflegs.Thedevices___17___thepatientstorecordactivityandcollectdataintwobrainregions—theACCandtheOFC—atthepressofonebuttononaremotehandset.Severaltimesaday,thevolunteerswereaskedtocompleteshortsurveysonthe___18___ofpain,meaninghowstrongthepainwas,andthenrecordtheirbrainactivity.Thesescientists,armedwiththesurveyresponsesandbrainrecordings,foundtheycouldusecomputerstopredictaperson’spainbasedontheelectricalsignalsintheirOFC.“Wefoundverydifferentbrainactivity___19___severepainandhavedevelopedanobjectivebiomarkerforthatkindofpain,”saidShirvalkar.Thefindingmayexplain,atleastinpart,why___20___painkillersarelesseffectiveforlastingpain.“Thehopeisthatwecanusetheinformationtodeveloppersonalizedbrainstimulationtreatmentforthemostsevereformsofpain.”【答案】11.J12.F13.K14.D15.G16.I17.B18.E19.A20.H【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了揭示一個人疼痛程度的大腦信號，他們表示，這項工作是朝著治療持久疼痛患者的新療法邁出的一步。這是研究人員首次破譯了患者持續(xù)疼痛背后的大腦活動。【11題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這是研究人員首次破譯了患者持續(xù)疼痛背后的大腦活動。根據(jù)“patients’lastingpain”以及句意“潛在”可知應(yīng)填動詞underlie，與activity構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。故選J。【12題詳解】考查名詞。句意：這增加了人們的希望，即已經(jīng)用于帕金森癥和重度抑郁癥的腦刺激療法可以幫助那些沒有其他選擇的人。根據(jù)“brainstimulationtreatmentalreadyusedforParkinson’sandmajordepressioncanhelpthoserunningoutofanyother”以及句意“選擇”可知應(yīng)填名詞option，anyother+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。故選F?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：僅在英國，就有近2800萬成年人受到持續(xù)疼痛的影響，其原因多種多樣，從癌癥到背部問題都有。根據(jù)“rangingfromcancertobackproblems.”以及句意“多種多樣”可知應(yīng)填形容詞varied，作表語。故選K?！?4題詳解】考查動詞。句意：在這種情況下，持續(xù)的疼痛促使服用強效止痛藥的人數(shù)增加。根據(jù)“ariseintakingpowerfulpainkillers”以及句意“促使”可知應(yīng)填動詞fuel，根據(jù)上文has可知為現(xiàn)在完成時。故選D?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：但沒有任何藥物治療對這種疾病有效，這促使專家們呼吁徹底反思醫(yī)療服務(wù)機構(gòu)如何處理患有持久疼痛的患者。根據(jù)“expertstocallforacompleterethinkinhowhealthserviceshandlepatientswithlastingpain.”以及句意“促使”可知應(yīng)填動詞prompt，此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語。故選G?！?6題詳解】考查副詞。句意：在最新的研究中，Shirvalkar和他的同事們通過手術(shù)將電極植入了四名失去雙腿后難以忍受持久疼痛的患者體內(nèi)。根據(jù)“implantedelectrodesintofourpatientswithlastingpainhardtodealwithafterthelossoflegs”以及句意“通過手術(shù)地”可知應(yīng)填副詞surgically，修飾動詞implanted。故選I。【17題詳解】考查動詞。句意：該設(shè)備允許患者在按下遙控器上的一個按鈕后，記錄大腦兩個區(qū)域（ACC和OFC）的活動并收集數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)“thepatientstorecordactivityandcollectdataintwobrainregions”以及句意“允許”可知應(yīng)填動詞allow，描述過去發(fā)生的事情用一般過去時。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞。句意：每天幾次，志愿者被要求完成關(guān)于疼痛強度的簡短調(diào)查，即疼痛的強度，然后記錄他們的大腦活動。根據(jù)“meaninghowstrongthepainwas”以及句意“強度”可知應(yīng)填名詞intensity，作賓語，不可數(shù)。故選E?！?9題詳解】考查動詞。句意：Shirvalkar說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，劇烈疼痛伴隨著非常不同的大腦活動，并開發(fā)了一種針對這種疼痛的客觀生物標(biāo)志物。”根據(jù)“severepain”以及句意“伴隨”可知應(yīng)填動詞accompany，動作發(fā)生在過去，為一般過去時。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這一發(fā)現(xiàn)至少可以部分解釋為什么常規(guī)止痛藥對持久疼痛的效果較差。根據(jù)“arelesseffectiveforlastingpain”以及句意“常規(guī)的”可知應(yīng)填形容詞routine，修飾名詞painkillers，故選H。Ⅲ.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Thewayofrecordingthingshasneverceasedtodevelop.Inthe1980s,assalesofvideorecorderswentup,old8mmhomemoviesweregraduallyreplacedbyVHS(videohomesystem)tapes.Later,videotapesoffamilyholidayslosttheirappealandtheuseofDVDs___21___.Those,too,havehadtheirday.Eventhoseholdingtheirchildhoodmemoriesindigitalfilesontheirlaptopsnowknowthesefilesfacetheriskof___22___.Digitisinghistoricaldocumentsbringshugebenefits—filescanbe___23___anddistributed,reducingtheriskoftheirentirelossthroughphysicaldamagecausedbyfireorflooding.Anddevelopingdigitalversionsreduces___24___ontheoriginalitems.TheInternationalDunhuangProject,___25___,hasdigitiseditemslikemanuscripts(手稿)fromtheMogaocavesinChina,enablingscholarsfromaroundtheworldtoaccessrecordseasilywithouttouchingtherealitems.ButthenewsthattheMinistryofJusticeoftheUKisproposingtoscanthe110millionpeople’swillsitholdsandthendestroyahandfulof___26___after25yearshasshockedhistorians.Theministrycitesthisasawayofprovidingeasieraccessforresearchers.Butthatonlyjustifiesdigitisation,notthe___27___ofthepapercopies.Theofficialsnotethechangewillbeeconomicallyefficient(savingaround￡4.5mayear)whilekeepingalltheessentialinformation.Scholars___28___.Mostsignificantly,physicalrecordscanthemselvescarryimportantinformation—thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistorythathistoriansare___29___.anderrorsareoftenmadeinscanning.Besides,digitalcopiesarearguablymore___30___thanthematerialitems,justindifferentways.TheattackfromtheInternetontheBritishLibrarylastOctoberhaspreventedscholarsfrom___31___digitisedmaterialsitholds:imagineifresearcherscouldnotreturntotheoriginals.Someeventhinkdigitisedinformationcaneasilybelostwithindecadesnomatterwhat___32___areputinplace.Thegovernmentsaysthatitwillsavetheoriginalwillsof“famouspeopleforhistoricrecord”,suchasthatofPrincessDiana’s.However,assumingthatweknowwhowill___33___tofuturegenerationsisextraordinarilyproud.MarySeacole,apioneeringnursewhonowappearsonthenationalschoolcourseintheUK,waslargely___34___foralmostacentury.Thedigitisationofolddocumentsisavaluable,evenessentialmeasure.Buttodestroytheoriginalsoncetheyhavebeenscanned,isnotamatterofgreat___35___,butofhugedamage.21.A.paused B.boomed C.recovered D.disappeared22.A.gettingoutdated B.comingintostyle C.beingfined D.makinganerror23.A.deleted B.named C.copied D.altered24.A.fightorflight B.lifeordeath C.wearandtear D.aweandwonder25.A.unfortunately B.additionally C.insummary D.forexample26.A.theoriginals B.theessentials C.thevisualised D.thedigitised27.A.preservation B.classification C.publication D.destruction28.A.applaud B.disagree C.discriminate D.withdraw29.A.revising B.abandoning C.uncovering D.enduring30.A.meaningful B.favourable C.resistant D.delicate31.A.inventing B.adjusting C.accessing D.damaging32.Aoutcomes B.safeguards C.deadlines D.byproducts33.A.matter B.respond C.lose D.live34.A.spared B.discussed C.forgotten D.protected35.A.sacrifice B.courage C.efficiency D.admiration【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.C25.D26.A27.D28.B29.C30.D31.C32.B33.A34.C35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了有消息稱，英國司法部計劃掃描1.1億人的遺囑，并在25年后銷毀一小部分原件，這一消息震驚了歷史學(xué)家。官員們指出，這一變化將在保留所有重要信息的同時具有經(jīng)濟效益，但是學(xué)者們有不同看法。【21題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，家庭度假的錄像帶失去了吸引力，DVD的使用開始蓬勃發(fā)展。A.paused暫停；B.boomed繁榮；C.recovered恢復(fù)；D.disappeared消失。根據(jù)上文“videotapesoffamilyholidayslosttheirappealandtheuseofDVDs”可知，家庭度假的錄像帶失去了吸引力，DVD的使用開始蓬勃發(fā)展。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：即使是那些把童年記憶保存在筆記本電腦上的人現(xiàn)在也知道，這些文件面臨著過時的風(fēng)險。A.gettingoutdated過時；B.comingintostyle開始流行；C.beingfined被罰款；D.makinganerror犯錯。根據(jù)上文“Thewayofrecordingthingshasneverceasedtodevelop.(記錄事物的方式從未停止發(fā)展)”可知，文件因為發(fā)展而面臨過時的風(fēng)險。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：數(shù)字化的歷史文件帶來了巨大的好處——文件可以復(fù)制和分發(fā)，減少了火災(zāi)或洪水造成的物理破壞所造成的全部損失的風(fēng)險。A.deleted刪除；B.named命名；C.copied復(fù)制；D.altered改變。根據(jù)后文“anddistributed”指數(shù)字化的文件可以復(fù)制和分發(fā)，故選C。【24題詳解】考查名詞短語辨析。句意：開發(fā)數(shù)字版本可以減少原始物品的磨損。A.fightorflight戰(zhàn)斗或逃跑；B.lifeordeath生或死；C.wearandtear磨損；D.aweandwonder敬畏和驚嘆。根據(jù)上文“Anddevelopingdigitalversionsreduces”可知，開發(fā)數(shù)字版本可以減少原始物品的磨損。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，國際敦煌項目已經(jīng)將中國莫高窟的手稿等物品數(shù)字化，使世界各地的學(xué)者可以在不接觸實物的情況下輕松獲取記錄。A.unfortunately不幸地；B.additionally此外；C.insummary總之；D.forexample例如。根據(jù)上文“TheInternationalDunhuangProject”可知，此處是在舉例說明數(shù)字化文件可以避免原件磨損。故選D。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，有消息稱，英國司法部計劃掃描1.1億人的遺囑，并在25年后銷毀一小部分原件，這一消息震驚了歷史學(xué)家。A.theoriginals原件；B.theessentials本質(zhì)特征；C.thevisualised視覺效果；D.thedigitised數(shù)字化。根據(jù)后文“after25yearshasshockedhistorians”可知，讓歷史學(xué)家震驚的是銷毀原件。故選A。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但這只能證明數(shù)字化是正當(dāng)?shù)?，而不能證明銷毀紙質(zhì)拷貝是正當(dāng)?shù)摹.preservation保護(hù)；B.classification分類；C.publication出版；D.destruction破壞。呼應(yīng)上文“destroyahandfulof”指銷毀紙質(zhì)拷貝。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：學(xué)者們不同意。A.applaud鼓掌；B.disagree有分歧；C.discriminate歧視；D.withdraw退出。根據(jù)后文“Mostsignificantly,physicalrecordscanthemselvescarryimportantinformation—thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistory(最重要的是，實物記錄本身可以攜帶重要的信息——所使用的墨水或紙張的種類可能是歷史學(xué)家正在揭示的歷史的一部分)”可知，學(xué)者不同意這一做法。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，實物記錄本身可以攜帶重要的信息——所使用的墨水或紙張的種類可能是歷史學(xué)家正在揭示的歷史的一部分，而且在掃描時經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)錯誤。A.revising改變；B.abandoning拋棄；C.uncovering揭露；D.enduring忍受。根據(jù)上文“thekindofinkorpaperusedmaybepartofthehistorythathistoriansare”指所使用的墨水或紙張的種類可能是歷史學(xué)家正在揭示的歷史的一部分，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，數(shù)字拷貝可以說比實物更微妙，只是方式不同而已。A.meaningful有意義的；B.favourable有利的；C.resistant抵制的；D.delicate微妙的。根據(jù)后文“thanthematerialitems,justindifferentways”可知，數(shù)字拷貝可以說比實物更微妙，只是方式不同而已。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：去年10月，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對大英圖書館的攻擊使學(xué)者們無法訪問館內(nèi)保存的數(shù)字化資料：想象一下，如果研究人員無法回到原件的話。A.inventing發(fā)明；B.adjusting調(diào)整；C.accessing訪問；D.damaging破壞。根據(jù)后文“digitisedmaterialsitholds”指學(xué)者們無法訪問館內(nèi)保存的數(shù)字化資料。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一些人甚至認(rèn)為，無論采取何種保護(hù)措施，數(shù)字化信息都很容易在幾十年內(nèi)丟失。A.outcomes結(jié)果；B.safeguards保護(hù)；C.deadlines截止日期；D.byproducts副產(chǎn)品。根據(jù)上文“Someeventhinkdigitisedinformationcaneasilybelost”指無論采取何種保護(hù)措施，數(shù)字化信息都很容易在幾十年內(nèi)丟失。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，假設(shè)我們知道誰對后代至關(guān)重要是非常驕傲的。A.matter重要；B.respond回答；C.lose失去；D.live居住。根據(jù)后文“tofuturegenerationsisextraordinarilyproud”指知道誰對后代至關(guān)重要。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：瑪麗·西科爾是一名先鋒護(hù)士，現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)在英國的國家學(xué)校課程上，近一個世紀(jì)以來，她基本上被遺忘了。A.spared饒??；B.discussed討論；C.forgotten忘記；D.protected保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“apioneeringnursewhonowappearsonthenationalschoolcourseintheUK”可知，護(hù)士如今才出現(xiàn)在課程上，說明曾經(jīng)被遺忘了。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但是，一旦原件被掃描，銷毀它們就不是一個效率很高的問題，而是一個巨大的破壞問題。A.sacrifice犧牲；B.courage勇氣；C.efficiency效率；D.admiration欽佩。根據(jù)上文“Theofficialsnotethechangewillbeeconomicallyefficient(savingaround￡4.5mayear)whilekeepingalltheessentialinformation.(官員們指出，這一變化將在保留所有重要信息的同時具有經(jīng)濟效益（每年節(jié)省約450萬英鎊）)”可知，此處指一旦原件被掃描，銷毀它們就不是一個效率很高的問題，而是一個巨大的破壞問題。故選C。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)CharlesRobertDarwinwasbornon12February1809inShropshire,England.Darwin’schildhoodpassionwasscience,andhisinterestinchemistry,however,wasclear;hewasevennicknamed‘Gas’byhisclassmates.In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.DarwinbecamepassionateaboutnaturalhistoryandthisbecamehisfocuswhilehestudiedatCambridge.DarwinwentonavoyagetogetherwithRobertFitzroy,thecaptainofHMSBeagle,toSouthAmericatofacilitateBritishtradeinPatagonia.Thejourneywaslife-changing.Darwinspentmuchofthetriponlandcollectingsamplesofplants,animalsandrocks,whichhelpedhimtodevelopanunderstandingoftheprocessesthatshapetheEarth’ssurface.Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.Darwin’sworkconvincedhimthatnaturalselectionwaskeytounderstandingthedevelopmentofthenaturalworld.Thetheoryofnaturalselectionsaysthatindividualsofaspeciesaremorelikelytosurvivewhentheyinherit(經(jīng)遺傳獲得)characteristicsbestsuitedforthatspecificenvironment.Thesefeaturesthenbecomemorewidespreadandcanleadeventuallytothedevelopmentofanewspecies.Withnaturalselection,Darwinarguedhowawidevarietyoflifeformsdevelopedovertimefromasinglecommonancestor.Darwinmarriedhiscousin,EmmaWedgwood,in1839.WhenDarwin’seldestdaughter,Annie,diedfromasuddenillnessin1851,helosthisbeliefinGod.Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.Darwinhadpreviouslythoughtthatspeciesremainedadapteduntiltheenvironmentchanged;henowbelievedthateverynewvariationwasimperfectandthatastruggletosurvivewaswhatdrovespeciestoadapt.Thoughrejectedatthebeginning,Darwin’stheoryofevolutionbynaturalselectionisnowadayswellacceptedbythescientificcommunityasthebestevidence-basedexplanationforthediversityandcomplexityoflifeonEarth.TheNaturalHistoryMuseum’slibraryalonehas478editionsofhisOntheOriginofSpeciesin38languages.36.WhatmadeDarwinreconsidertheoriginanddevelopmentofspecies?A.Examiningplantsandanimalscollected.B.Hisdesireforavoyagetodifferentcontinents.C.ClassifyingsamplesinajourneytoSouthAmerica.D.HispassionfornaturalhistoryatEdinburghUniversity.37.Wecanlearnfromparagraphs1to3thatDarwin________.A.usednaturalselectiontodevelopnewspeciesB.enjoyedbeingcallednicknamesrelatedtoscienceC.learnedsomeknowledgeaboutplantswhenstudyingmedicineD.arguedwithothersoverthediversityoflifeformsforalongperiod38.WhichofthefollowingchangedDarwin’sviewonthehumanspecies?A.Thathehadtenchildreninall. B.Hisyoungestson’sbeingdisabled.C.Thathelosthiseldestdaughter. D.HismarriagewithEmmaWedgwood.39.Thispassageismainlyabout________.ADarwin’spassionformedicalscience B.Darwin’stheoryandexperimentsC.CharlesDarwin’schanginginterest D.CharlesDarwin’slifeandwork【答案】36.A37.C38.B39.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇人物傳記，講述了查爾斯·羅伯特·達(dá)爾文的生平、科學(xué)興趣、重要理論以及他的個人生活?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段最后一句“Darwin’sanalysisoftheplantsandanimalsthathegatheredledhimtoexpressdoubtsonformerexplanationsabouthowspeciesformedandevolvedovertime.”（達(dá)爾文對所收集的植物和動物的分析使他開始質(zhì)疑過去關(guān)于物種如何形成和隨時間演化的解釋。）可知，達(dá)爾文對所收集的植物和動物的分析使他對物種的起源和發(fā)展產(chǎn)生質(zhì)疑和重新審議。故選A項?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第二段第一句“In1825,hisfathersenthimtostudymedicineatEdinburghUniversity,wherehelearnedhowtoclassifyplants.”（1825年，他的父親送他去愛丁堡大學(xué)學(xué)醫(yī)，在那里他學(xué)會了如何對植物進(jìn)行分類。）可推斷，達(dá)爾文在學(xué)醫(yī)時候了解到了關(guān)于植物的知識。故選C項。【38題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段第二句和三句“Histenthandfinalchild,CharlesWaringDarwin,wasbornin1856.SignificantlyforDarwin,thisbabywasdisabled,alteringhowDarwinthoughtaboutthehumanspecies.”（他的第十個也是最后一個孩子查爾斯·沃林·達(dá)爾文于1856年出生。對達(dá)爾文來說，這個嬰兒是殘疾的，這改變了達(dá)爾文對人類物種的看法。）可知，達(dá)爾文最小的孩子的先天殘疾使達(dá)爾文改變了人類物種的看法。故選B項?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章前三段主要講述了查爾斯·羅伯特·達(dá)爾文的生平、學(xué)業(yè)經(jīng)歷、科學(xué)興趣對其理論形成和發(fā)展的影響。第四段講述了他的家庭和個人生活、最后一段講述了達(dá)爾文理論的地位和影響。因此，文章主要講述了達(dá)爾文的生活和工作。故選D項。(B)WelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.Howtogethere?Peopleusingpersonalvehiclesmusthavereservationsbeforearrivingatthepark.(Detailsat.)MuirWoodsNationalMonumentisopendaily,8a.m.tosunset.StopbyVisitorCentertogettrails(路線)andprograminformation,andtotakeinexhibits.What’syourpath?EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(環(huán)線).OthertrailsgodeepintoMuirWoodsandMountTamalpaisStatePark.(RefertothemapofMuirWoodsontherightfordetails.)Readytoexploremore?MuirWoodsispartofGoldenGateNationalRecreationArea,whichincludesMarinHeadlands,Alcatraz,thePresidio,andOceanBeach.Downloadtheappat/goga.Staysafeandprotectyourpark.Wi-Fiandcellservicearenotavailable.·Watchforpoisonousplantsandfallingbranches.·Donotfeedordisturbanimals.·Fishingisprohibitedinthepark.·Donotmarkorremovetrees,flowers,orothernaturalfeatures.·Gototheparkwebsiteformoresafetytipsandregulations.AccessibilityWemakeagreatefforttomakefacilities,services,andprogramsaccessibletoall.Forinformation,gotoVisitorCenter,askaranger,call,orcheckourwebsite.MoreInformationMuirWoodsNationalMonument/muwoMillValley,CA94941-269640.MuirWoodswillprobablyattract________.①redwoodlovers②huntinglovers③fishinglovers④hikingloversA.①② B.③④ C.①④ D.②③41.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Muirwoodsissurroundedbyhighlandandoceanbeaches.B.VisitorscanreadelectronicmapsusingWi-FiinMuirWoods.C.VisitorsareadvisedtocallVisitorCenterforsafetytipsandregulations.D.ReservationsshouldbemadeifvisitorsdriveprivatecarstoMuirWoods.42.AccordingtothemapofMuirWoods,________.A.Bridge4isthefarthestfromtheparkinglotsofallbridgesB.MillValleyislocatedonthesouthwestsideofMuirBeachC.BootjackTrailcanleadonetoVisitorCenterfromBridge3D.foodandgiftscanbeboughtonvarioussitesinMuirWoods【答案】40.C41.D42.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了一些參觀繆爾森林的注意事項?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WelcometoMuirWoods!Thisrareancientforestisakingdomofcoastredwoods,manyover600yearsold.(歡迎來到繆爾森林！這片罕見的古老森林是海岸紅杉的王國，許多紅杉已有600多年的歷史。)”以及第四段“EnjoyawalkonthepavedRedwoodCreekTrail(alsocalledMainTrail).Chooseshort,medium,orlongloops(環(huán)線).(在紅木溪小徑（也稱為主小徑）上漫步。選擇短的，中等的，