新課標(biāo)2024高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課時作業(yè)388-3Inventorsandinventions新人教版選修8

PAGE1課時作業(yè)388-3InventorsandinventionsⅠ.單句語法填空1．Whatwasitthatdistinguishedher________herclassmates?2．Wemustalwaysbearinmind________Chinaisabigcountrywithahugepopulation.3．Theexhibitionwasorganizedbytheschoolin________(associate)withlocalartists.4．Whenyoucometoschool,pleasevisitmyofficeatyour________(convenient)．5．Theserviceoffersyoungpeople________(practice)adviceonfindingajob.6．Whetherornotthesecretarywillbefiredisatthe________(merciful)ofherboss.7．Ibelievethatyouare________(innocence),andI'llstandupforyouanywhere.8．Weallhavean________(expect)thathecanpassthedrivingtestnextweek.9．Ihavefilledintheformand________(file)mypatentapplicationwiththePatentOffice.10．Inmyopinion,onlybyfacingdifficultiesbravelyand________(seize)opportunitiescanonesucceed.答案1．from2.that3.association4.convenience5．practical6.mercy7.innocent8.expectation9．filed10.seizingⅡ.選詞填空hangon，ringoff，o...，setabout，callup1．BeforeIgavemynamehe________，whichmademeveryangry.2．Havingmadeuphismind,he________carryingouttheplan.3．Someone________fromdowntownandaskedtoseeyouatfive.4．Ifyou________forawhile,IwillgoandseeifIcanfindyourmother.5．Thethief________hishand________myhandbagandrobbedthewalletandranaway.答案1．rangoff2.setabout3.calledup4．hangon5.dived；intoⅢ.閱讀理解A(2024年廣東省中山市第一中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期其次次統(tǒng)測)Cigaretteendsareeverywhere—litteringourstreetsandbeaches—andfordecadesthey'vebeenthoughtofas“unrecyclable”.ButaNewJerseybasedcompany，calledTerraCycle，hastakenonthechallenge，andhascomeupwithawaytorecyclemillionsofcigaretteendsandturnthemintoindustrialplasticproducts.Itsaimistorecyclethingsthatpeoplenormallyconsiderimpossibletoreuse.Obviouslyitwouldbeevenbetterfortheenvironmentifeveryonejuststoppedsmoking，butthestatisticsshowthatalthoughtherehasbeenanincreaseinanti-smokingadsandmessaging，between2000and2024，globalsalesofcigarettesincreasedby8percent，andawholelotofthosecigaretteendsareendingupastrash.Sincemostofourlittereventuallyendsupinwaterways，cigaretteendscansurelypollutethesurroundingenvironment.“Itonlytakesasinglecigaretteendtopollutealiterofwater，”TerraCyclefounder，TomSzaky，said.“Animalscanalsomistakelitteredcigaretteendsforfood.”Sohowdoyougoaboutturningallthosepoisonousendsintosomethinguseful?TerraCycledoesthisbyfirstbreakingthemdownintoseparateparts.Theymixtheremainingmaterials，suchasthetobaccoandthepaper，withotherkindsofrubbish，anduseitonnon-agriculturalland，suchasgolfcourses.Thefilters(過濾嘴)arealittleharder.Torecyclethese，TerraCyclefirstmakesthemcleanandcutsthemintosmallpieces，andthencombinesthemwithotherrecycledmaterials，makingthemintoliquidforindustrialplasticproducts.They'renowalsoexpandingtheirrecyclingofferingstotherestofthe80percentofhouseholdwastethatcurrentlycan'tberecycled，suchaschocolatepackaging，pens，andmobilephones.Thegoalistousethelatestresearchtofindawaytostopsomuchwasteendingupinlandfill(垃圾填埋)，andthengetcompaniestoprovidemoneyfortheprocess.Andsofar，it'sworking.“Wehaven'tfoundanythingthatwecan'trecycle，”communicationsdirectorofTerraCycle，AlbeZakes，said.“Butwiththeamountandvarietyofpackagingandlitterintheworld，wearealwayslookingfornewwastestreamstoaddress.”1．WhatdoesTerraCycleintendtodo?A．Searchforrecyclablematerialsforuse.B．Dealwithasmanycigaretteendsaspossible.C．Producenewkindsofindustrialplasticproducts.D．Recyclewhatusedtobeconsideredunrecyclable.2．Theunderlinedword“trash”inParagraph2probablymeans________．A．rubbish B．poisonC．disaster D．ruin3．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Theeffectiveuseofcigaretteends.B．Theprocessofrecyclingcigaretteends.C．Thedifficultyinrecyclingcigaretteends.D．Thereasonforbreakingdowncigaretteends.4．WhatAlbesaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat________.A．thereismoreandmorewastetoberecycledB．itisdifficultforTerraCycletorecycleeverythingC．TerraCycleistryingtomeetthechallengeofnewwasteD．TerraCyclehassuccessfullyrecycledalargeamountofwaste答案與解析這是一篇記敘文。主要講解并描述新澤西一個公司回收人們認(rèn)為是不行回收的東西，例如煙頭，并講解并描述了其回收利用過程，該公司表示他們還沒有遇到不行回收的東西，并會接著迎接回收新垃圾的挑戰(zhàn)。1．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的Itsaimistorecyclethingsthatpeoplenormallyconsiderimpossibletoreuse可知，TerraCycle的目的是要回收那些被人們認(rèn)為不行再回收利用的東西，故選D。2．A詞義揣測題。依據(jù)該詞后的Sincemostofourlittereventuallyendsupinwaterways，cigaretteendscansurelypollutethesurroundingenvironment.可推想出，此處trash指的是垃圾的意思。故選A。3．B段落大意題。依據(jù)第三段的首句Sohowdoyougoaboutturningallthosepoisonousendsintosomethinguseful？(那么你怎么把這些垃圾變得有用呢？)可知，此段講的是煙頭回收利用的過程，故選B。4．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)Albe說的話“Butwiththeamountandvarietyofpackagingandlitterintheworld，wearealwayslookingfornewwastestreamstoaddress.”可知，TerraCycle公司正試圖找尋新垃圾來處理，也就是面對新垃圾的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C。BPersuasionistheartofconvincingsomeonetoagreewithyou.AccordingtotheancientGreeks，therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion：ethos，pathos，andlogos.Ethosisaspeaker'swayofconvincingtheaudiencethatsheistrustworthy，honestandreliable.Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.Afterall，you'remorelikelytolistentoadviceabouthowtotakecareofyourteethfromadentistthanafireman.Aspeakercanalsocreateethosbyconvincingtheaudiencethatsheisagoodperson.Ifanaudiencecannottrustyou，youwillnotbeabletopersuadethem.Pathosisaspeaker'swayofconnectingwithanaudience'semotions.Forexample，apoliticianwhoistryingtoconvinceanaudiencetovoteforhimmightsaythathealonecansavethecountryfromaterriblewar.Thesewordsareintendedtofilltheaudiencewithfear，thusmakingthemsupporthim.Similarly，ananimalcharitymightshowanaudiencepicturesofinjureddogsandcats，tomaketheviewersfeelpity.Iftheaudiencefeelsbadfortheanimals，theywillbemorelikelytodonatemoney.Logosistheuseoffacts，statistics，orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.Anaudiencewillbemorelikelytobelieveyouifyouhaveconvincingdatatobackupyourclaims.Presentingthisevidenceismuchmorepersuasivethansimplysaying“believeme”．Althoughethos，pathos，andlogosallhavetheirstrengths，theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.Indeed，mostspeakersuseacombinationofethos，pathos，andlogostopersuadetheiraudiences.So，thenexttimeyoulistentoaspeech，watchacommercial，orlistentoafriendtrytoconvinceyoutolendhimsomemoney，beonthelookoutfortheseancientGreektoolsofpersuasion.5．Whydoestheauthorsaypersuasionisanart?A．Theybothentertaintheaudience.B．Theybothrequiregreatskillstoachieve.C．Theybothdemandfullattentionfromtheaudience.D．TheywerebothcommontopicsofancientGreekwriters.6．Howisaspeakerabletoshowherethostotheaudience?A．Byexpressinghersympathywiththeaudience.B．Bytellingtheaudienceaboutherpersonalpreference.C．Byusingbeautifullanguagetomakeherstatementsattractive.D．Byshowingherknowledgeandexperiencerelatingtothetopic.7．Whatcanwelearnaboutthethreeaspectsofpersuasion?A．Ethosisthemostimportantaspectofpersuasion.B．Eachaspecthasadifferenteffectontheaudience.C．Honestyisthekeytomakingyourargumentsbelievable.D．Politicalleadersmostlyusepathostopersuadetheiraudience.8．Anadvertisementforwashingpowderwhichclaimsthat“scientifictestsshowthatourpowderkills95%ofallbacteria”ismainlyusing________．A．ethos B．pathosC．logos D．a(chǎn)combinationofallthree答案與解析本文敘述的是“勸服”是使某人信服你的藝術(shù)。依據(jù)古希臘人的說法，有三種基本的勸服方法ethos,pathos,andlogos，通常須要這三者結(jié)合才可以發(fā)揮最大的效果。5．B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句AccordingtotheancientGreeks,therearethreebasictoolsofpersuasion:ethos,pathos,andlogos.和最終一段第一句Althoughethos,pathos,andlogosallhavetheirstrengths,theyareoftenmosteffectivewhenusedtogether.可知，persuasion是須要三者結(jié)合才可以發(fā)揮最大的效果，也就是“勸服”須要巨大的技巧才能達(dá)到，故選B。6．D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段Onecommonwayaspeakercandevelopethosisbyexplaininghowmuchexperienceoreducationshehasinthefield.可知，Ethos是通過說明在某一領(lǐng)域所獲得過的教化和所積累的閱歷，因此選D。7．B推理推斷題。文章沒有提到ethos是最重要的方面，而是說三個點都很重要，須要結(jié)合在一起，所以解除A選項；C項文中沒有提到誠懇是勸服別人信任你的論點的關(guān)鍵。D項政治領(lǐng)袖大多用Pathos來勸服聽眾錯誤，因此選B。8．C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段第一句Logosistheuseoffacts,statistics,orotherevidencetosupportyourargument.可知，Logos是用事實、數(shù)據(jù)或其他證據(jù)來證明觀點，故與95%ofallbacteria相符，故選C。Ⅳ.短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\劃掉。修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。Takingpartsinrecreationactivitieshelpuskeepfit.Therearedifferentkindsofactivityinourdailylife,forexample,listeningtomusic,watchingTV,playingchess,orgoingtocinema.ButIthinkwe'dbettertohavemoreoutdooractivities.Asstudents,weusuallysittoolongerintheclassroom,andasaresultoureyesandbrainsgettingtired.Butitisagoodideatoplayballgames,goswimming,dosomerunnings,orevengoforapicnic.Ourbrainsalsoneedchangestomakeitselfsmartandactive.Inaword,exerciseisgoodforhealth.答案Ⅴ.書面表達(dá)假如你是英國的Mike，你的摯友李華準(zhǔn)備到國外留學(xué)，他寫信詢問你什么樣的中國學(xué)生最受國外高校的青睞。請你依據(jù)以下要點給對方寫一封回信：1．語言是道硬門檻；2．適應(yīng)實力很重要；3．愛好愛好被看重；4．要有社會責(zé)任感。留意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)束語已為你寫好，但不計入總詞數(shù)。De