新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大學(xué)英語四UNIT4

Thecreditcardtrap1Ihaveaconfession.Severalyearsago,Iwasstandinginaqueuetocollectsometheatreticketsformyfamily,andmyfriendwasdoingthesameforhers.Igotmine,andpaidforthembycreditcard,feelingcontentedbytheconvenienceofthiscash-freetransaction.Itwasthenherturntopay.Thewholeoperationpassedassmoothlyasmine,butmydelightsoonturnedtoabjectshame.Mycreditcardwasafairlypathetic,status-freedarkblue,whereasherswasaveryexclusivegoldone.Text12021/6/272

Howdidshedothis?Howcouldthisbe?Iknew

Iearnedmorethanher,mycarwasnewer,andmy

housewassmarter.Howdidshegettoappearmore

flashthanme?3

Now,Ihadajobwhichwasassteadyasanyjob

wasinthosedays–that'stosay,notvery,butyou

know,nocomplaints.Ihadamortgageonmyhouse,

butthenwhodidn't?Ipaidoffallmycreditdebtatthe

endofthemonth,soalthoughtechnically,Iwasindebt

tothecreditcardcompany,itwasonlyforamatterof

afewweeks.SoIassumedIhadagoodcreditrating.Text22021/6/274

Callmesuperficial,andI'mnotproudof

myself,but

thereandthen,Iwassuddenlyjealousofmyfriend.I

decidedInolongerwantedabluecard.Iwantedagold

one.Agoldcardwassuddenlyindispensable,itwould

makemefeelgoodwithmyself,anddesirableto

others.5

SoIappliedforthemostdistinctive,shinygolden

cardthecompanyoffered.6

Iwasturneddown.Text32021/6/277WhenIhadrecoveredfromtheshock,whichtookseveralseconds,Iaskedwhy.ItappearsthatbecauseIpaymycreditcardbillbothontimeandinfull,I'mnotthekindofpersonthattheywanttohavetheirgoldcreditcard.Theytargetpeoplewhoarepronetoimpulse-buying,andpotentiallybadcreditrisks,temptedtospendmorethantheyhave,andliabletofallbehindwithrepayments.Thentheycanchargethemmoreinterest,andearnmoremoney.That'sthewaytheydobusiness.Text42021/6/278Sodoesthisexplainwhythecreditcardcompaniesareluring

impoverishedstudentswithunrealisticinterestrates,likemykids?9Threeweeksago,No.2daughtercamehomefromuniversityfortheweekend.She'sinhersecondtermofherfirstyear.Shehasastudentloanof￡3,000,likemostofherfriends,andasmallallowancefromherpoormother(ha!)fortransport,books,livingexpenses.

Shewearsclothesfromthelocalcharityshops,andrarelygoesout.Shehuggedme(neverusuallydoesthat)andthensaid,"Mum,Ineedtotalktoyou."Text52021/6/2710"Whatisit,darling?Tellmeeverything."11

"I'veappliedforacreditcard,andIneedsomeonetoactasaguaranteeforme.IsitOKifIputdownyourname?Thankssomuch,Mum,mustdash!Bye."

Text62021/6/2712

AfterI'dhauledherbackintothehouse,ittranspiredthatherbankhadwrittentoherofferingacreditcardatalowinterestforatrialthree-monthperiod,subjectto

suitability...andsoon.Herbank!Itrustedthem!TheyknowevenbetterthanIdohowbrokesheis.13Here'saseriousquestion.Whydotheycallthemcreditcardswhenitwouldbemoreaccuratetocallthemdebtcards?Text72021/6/2714

Here'sanevenmoreseriousstory.Anotherfriend's

daughter,Kelly,wasstudyingmodernlanguagesat

university,andspentayearoverseas.Atsomepointin

theyear,therewasachangeofprocedure,andKelly's

bankfailedtoallowhertoaccessherfundsinher

currentaccount,becausetherequestwasfromoutside

theUK.Naturally,therewasalengthycorrespondence

whileshetriedtosortthisout,sothedelayinbeing

abletoaccessherfundsmeantthatshewentintothe

red,andherdebtsbegantorisemorethan￡200above

theagreedlimitonheroverdraftof￡1,500.Text82021/6/2715

WhenKellygotbackhome,thebankchargedher

￡100forgoingoverthelimit,andinsistedshepaid￡30

amonthtobringthebalancebacktobelowherlimit.

Theyomittedtotellherthatshewasn'tactuallypaying

offthedebt,butonlytheexorbitantinterestonthe

overspendoftheoverdraft.16

SoKellyhadtoturntohercreditcardwhichshehad

usedsensiblyandsparinglyuntilthatpoint.Because

shewasastudent,andbecauseshedidn'tuseitmuch,

naturallyhercreditlimitwaslow.Text92021/6/2717

Andnotsurprisingly,

she

couldn't

pay

off

even

the

minimum

paymentonher

credit

card

bill.

So

there

were

not

onlybankTextchargesowing,butalsocreditcarddebtsandinterest.

Andofcourse,shewasrecordedasbeingabadcredit

risk.102021/6/2718

Thingsthenwentfrombadtoworse.Afewmonthsintoherfinalyear,thebanknotifiedherthatitwasgoingtoreduceheroverdraftfrom￡1,500to￡1,000.Theytoldhertoapplyforastudentloantocovertherest.Butwhentheloancompanydidacreditcheck,theydiscoveredthecarddebt.19

Guesswhat?Shedidn'tgettheloan.Text112021/6/2720

Thiswasadelightfulkidwhohadgreatrestraintwithherspendingandwaseconomicalaboutherlifestyle.Shedidn'tgoonspendingspreesbuyingnewshoes,andshedidn'tusehercreditcardasif(unlikeme)itwasafashionitem.Sheusedittobuyfood,tosurvive.21

Andwhathappened?Shehadtodropoutof

university.Text122021/6/2722

IwishtherewasahappyendingtoKelly'sstory,althoughmaybetherewillbe.Forthemoment,she'sworkinginthelocalsupermarket,andit'sprobablethatshe'llhaveanothergoatuniversitywhenshehaspaidoffherdebts.23

Sothisiswhatthebanksdo.Theysettrapswhich

appealtoourvanityandgreedandsometimestoour

basicneedforsurvival.Andthenwhenwefallintothe

traptheyshout"Gotyou!Didn'tyourealizeitwasa

trap?"Text132021/6/2724

Andherewearetoday,caughtinthecredit

crunch,withworldeconomiesinfreefall,allbecausethewicked

bankerssetustrapswhichwefellinto,attractinguswithendlesspublicityforloansofmoneywhicheventheydidn'thave!Itnowappearstheywereborrowingontheirownflashygoldcreditcardstoo.25

SoIhaveasolutiontothecreditcardtrap,andI

wantallofyoutolistentomeverycarefully.Text142021/6/2726

Iwantyouto

layout

allofyourcreditcardsinaline,takealargepairofscissorsandcutthemintosmallpieces.Thenputtheminanenvelopeandsendthemtoyourbank,withalettersaying(moreorless)"Itrustedyouandyoudeceivedme.You'vegotthewholeworldintothisridiculouscreditcardtrap,andifInowcutyourcardsinhalf,andtakeawayyourpotentialtotemptmoneyawayfromhonestpeoplelikeme,maybeitwillbeyourturntolearnwhatit'sliketorunoutofcash."Text152021/6/2727

Asforme,Idon'twantanymorecreditcards,nomorestatussymbols,nomorebadfeelingsaboutwishingIcouldshowhowsuperiorIamtoothers.I'mnotgoingtoyearnanymoreforwhatIcannotaffordorcannothave.Text162021/6/27信用卡陷阱1有一件事我得坦白。幾年前，我排隊(duì)為家人取戲票時(shí)，我的朋友也在為她的家人取票。我拿到了票，用信用卡付了賬，對這種非現(xiàn)金交易的便利感到很滿意。然后就輪到她付款了，整個(gè)交易也進(jìn)行得同樣順利，但我的高興勁兒很快就變成了莫大的羞恥：我的信用卡太寒酸了，是不顯示身份地位的深藍(lán)色卡，而她的信用卡則是高級的金卡。Text172021/6/272她是怎樣弄到金卡的？怎么會這樣呢？我知道我掙得比她多，我的車比她的車新，我的家比她的家漂亮，她怎么看起來顯得比我光鮮呢？3

我有一份跟那時(shí)候任何工作相比還算安定的工作——雖然不是非常安定，不過我也沒什么可抱怨的。我是通過按揭貸款買的房子，可那會兒誰買房不貸款呢？我每個(gè)月底都付清信用卡欠款。所以，雖然從技術(shù)上講，我欠過信用卡公司的錢，但只是欠幾個(gè)星期而已。所以我認(rèn)為我的信用等級應(yīng)該很高。Text182021/6/274你可以說我膚淺，而我也并不感到自豪。但就在當(dāng)時(shí)當(dāng)?shù)兀彝蝗环浅＜刀誓俏慌笥?，我決定不要藍(lán)色信用卡了，我要一張金卡。金卡突然變得不可或缺，它會讓我自我感覺良好，會讓別人覺得我更有魅力。5

于是，我去信用卡公司申請最特別、最耀眼的金卡。6

可是，我的申請被拒絕了。Text192021/6/277過了幾秒鐘，我才從這個(gè)打擊中回過神來，我問自己為什么被拒絕。顯然，因?yàn)槲颐看味及磿r(shí)全額付清信用卡欠款，所以我不是他們想要的那種金卡客戶。他們的目標(biāo)客戶是那些隨時(shí)有購物刷卡的沖動、有潛在信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)不住誘惑超支消費(fèi)、并且經(jīng)常延期還款的人。這樣他們才有機(jī)會收取更多的利息，掙更多的錢，這就是他們的經(jīng)營之道。Text202021/6/278這能夠解釋為什么信用卡公司會用超低利率誘惑像我們家孩子那樣的窮大學(xué)生嗎?9三個(gè)星期前，我的二女兒回家過周末。她在讀大一第二學(xué)期。和她的大多數(shù)朋友一樣，她借了3,000英鎊的學(xué)生貸款，并從她可憐的媽媽（哈！）那里得到一小筆補(bǔ)貼，用于支付交通費(fèi)、書費(fèi)和生活費(fèi)用。她穿的衣服是從當(dāng)?shù)氐拇壬粕痰曩I來的，并且她平時(shí)也很少出門。她擁抱了我(她以前從不擁抱我)，然后說：“媽媽，我有事要跟您商量。”Text212021/6/2710“親愛的，什么事?。慷颊f出來讓我聽聽?！?1“我申請了一張信用卡，需要保證人，我可以填您的名字嗎?非常感謝，媽媽，我得趕快走啦，再見?！盩ext222021/6/2712我費(fèi)了好大勁兒才把她從外面拽了回來。原來她的銀行來信告訴她說：她可以申請一張?jiān)囉闷跒槿齻€(gè)月的、能夠低息貸款的信用卡，只要滿足要求……如此云云。她的銀行！我才不相信他們！他們甚至比我更清楚，我的女兒一貧如洗。13這里存在一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題：準(zhǔn)確地說這種卡應(yīng)該叫債務(wù)卡，他們?yōu)槭裁匆Q其為信用卡呢？Text232021/6/2714還有一個(gè)更為嚴(yán)肅的故事。我一個(gè)朋友的女兒凱麗在大學(xué)攻讀現(xiàn)代語言，其中一年在國外留學(xué)。在留學(xué)那一年的某段時(shí)間，由于程序上的變動，凱麗的銀行限制她在除英國之外的其他國家支取現(xiàn)金賬戶的資金。通過書信同銀行交涉的時(shí)間相當(dāng)長，而未能及時(shí)支取賬戶資金使她欠了銀行的債，欠款額超過了透支額度（1,500英鎊）200多英鎊。Text242021/6/2715凱麗回國后，銀行因?yàn)樗Э哿怂?00英鎊，并堅(jiān)持要她每月支付30英鎊，以使她的支出能重新控制在透支額度之內(nèi)。但銀行沒有告訴她，每月支付的30英鎊并不是用來償清欠款，而只是支付超額透支的巨額利息。16因此凱麗不得不求助于信用卡。在此之前她在用信用卡時(shí)一直非常小心謹(jǐn)慎，并且也很少用信用卡。由于她是學(xué)生，又很少用信用卡，她的信用額度自然就比較低。Text252021/6/2717毫不奇怪，她甚至無法償還信用卡賬單的最小還款額。所以她不僅欠銀行手續(xù)費(fèi)，而且還欠信用卡的賬款及利息。當(dāng)然，她因此被銀行登記為信用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高的人。Text262021/6/2718事情越來越糟。大學(xué)最后一年剛過幾個(gè)月，銀行就通知她：她的透支額度由1,500英鎊減少到1,000英鎊。他們讓她申請學(xué)生貸款來填補(bǔ)缺口?？墒?，貸款公司檢查她的銀行信用時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)了她的信用卡欠款。19猜猜結(jié)果如何？她沒有申請到學(xué)生貸款。Text272021/6/2720凱麗是個(gè)討人喜歡的孩子，消費(fèi)節(jié)制有度，生活節(jié)儉。她并沒有瘋狂刷卡買鞋子，也沒有把信用卡當(dāng)成時(shí)髦玩意兒（不像我），她只是用信用卡買食物等生活必需品。21結(jié)果怎樣呢？她不得不退學(xué)。Text282021/6/2722我希望凱麗的故事會有個(gè)好的結(jié)局，也許會有好結(jié)局的。現(xiàn)在，她在當(dāng)?shù)氐囊患页泄ぷ鳎人€清債務(wù)后可能會繼續(xù)完成大學(xué)學(xué)業(yè)。23這就是銀行的所作所為。他們常常利用我們的虛榮和貪婪，有時(shí)也利用我們生存的基本需求給我們設(shè)下陷阱。等我們掉進(jìn)陷阱時(shí)，他們就會大喊：“抓住你啦！你當(dāng)初沒想到這是個(gè)陷阱吧？”Text292021/6/2724這就是我們現(xiàn)在的處境。隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一落千丈，我們都處在信貸危機(jī)之中。所有這一切都是因?yàn)樾皭旱你y行家通過大量廣告推銷他們壓根就不存在的貸款來吸引我們，給我們設(shè)圈套?，F(xiàn)在真相大白了：他們也在用自己手中金光閃閃的金卡借錢！25我有一個(gè)破解信用卡圈套的辦法，各位請仔細(xì)聽。Text302021/6/2726我要你們把所有的信用卡排成一排，拿一把大剪子把它們剪成碎片，然后把碎片裝進(jìn)信封寄回給銀行，并附上一封信，上面（或多或少地）寫上：“我信任你，可你卻欺騙了我。你讓全世界的人都鉆進(jìn)了這個(gè)荒謬的信用卡圈套。我把你的卡剪成了兩半，讓你再也不能像騙我這樣的老實(shí)人一樣去騙其他人的錢了，也許該讓你來體驗(yàn)一下身無分文的滋味了。”Text312021/6/2727至于我，我再也不想要信用卡了，也不要身份的象征了，也不用費(fèi)心思去炫耀我比別人優(yōu)越了。我再也不會奢望我買不起或我無法得到的東西了。Text322021/6/27Words&Phrasestransaction

abjectfairlypatheticexclusiveflashcomplaintriskpotentiallyproneshinydistinctivedesirableindispensablenaturallyoverseasbrokesuitabilitytranspirehugunrealisticcreditratingsuperficialjealousimpoverishedlureliableomitoverdraftcorrespondence332021/6/27Words&Phrasesexorbitant

overspendsensiblysparinglynotifydelightfulrestraintflashypublicitybankerwickedcrunchgreedvanityeconomicalspreeprobableyearndeceive342021/6/27Words&Phrasesinfullputdownittranspired(that)into/outoftheredomittodosth.gofrombadtoworselayout352021/6/27transaction

n.[C]

(fml)theactionorprocessofbuyingorsellingsth.交易；買賣e.g.1.Thesecurityofelectroniccommerceconsistsofnetworksecurityandbusinesstransactionsecurity.電子商務(wù)安全包括網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和商務(wù)交易安全。2.Wehavefinallyconcludedthetransactionthroughnegotiation.經(jīng)過談判，我們終于達(dá)成了這筆交易。3.Buyingahouseisanimportanttransactionformostpeople.買房子對大多數(shù)人來講都是件重要的事。Words&Phrases362021/6/27abject

a.(fml)complete:usedforemphasizinghowbad,unpleasant,orsevereasituationorconditionis

完全的（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)非常糟糕、不愉快或嚴(yán)峻的形勢或條件）e.g.1.Inaslum,peopleliveinabjectpoverty.在貧民區(qū)，人們生活在赤貧之中。2.Thispolicyhasturnedouttobeanabjectfailure.這一政策最后以慘敗而告終。3.Hisletterplungedherintoabjectmisery.他的信使她陷入極度痛苦之中。Words&Phrases372021/6/27fairly

ad.1)toquiteahighdegree;toanacceptableextent

相當(dāng)，很；還算e.g.1.Sheseemedfairlyphilosophicalabouttheloss.她對所受損失似乎還算看得開。2.She’sfairlyresponsivetonewideas.她相當(dāng)愿意接受新觀念。3.Iwasfairlycertainshehadnothingtodowiththeaffair.我相當(dāng)肯定她與此事無關(guān)。2)honestly;withjustice

公平地；公正地e.g.Ithinkhewasquitefairlytreatedbythepolice.我認(rèn)為警察對他非常公正。Words&Phrases382021/6/27pathetic

a.1)uselessornoteffectiveinanannoyingway

差勁的；沒用的；令人生厭的e.g.Moneyandfineclothescouldnotmendthesedefectsorcoverthemup;theyonlymadethemthemoreglaringandthemorepathetic.金錢和漂亮衣服都不能彌補(bǔ)這些缺點(diǎn)，也不能把它們掩飾起來；反而使這些缺點(diǎn)更刺眼、更討厭。2)ifsomeoneorsth.looksorsoundspathetic,youfeelsympathyforthem

可憐的；令人同情的e.g.Itwaspathetictowatchherconditiondeterioratedaybyday.看著她的健康狀況日益惡化，真是可憐。Words&Phrases392021/6/27exclusive

a.1)veryexpensive,andthereforeavailableonlytopeoplewhohavealotofmoney

高檔的；奢華的e.g.1.Thetennisclubhasanexclusivemembership.這家網(wǎng)球俱樂部的成員都是些有錢人。2.BelAirisanexclusivesuburbofLosAngeles.貝萊爾是洛杉磯郊外一處高級住宅區(qū)。2)limitedtoaparticularperson,thing,orgroupandnotsharedwithothers

專用的；獨(dú)有的e.g.ThisbathroomisforthePresident'sexclusiveuse.這浴室是總統(tǒng)專用的。Words&Phrases402021/6/273)publishedorreportedbyonlyonenewspaper,magazine,televisionstationetc

（報(bào)紙或雜志的）獨(dú)家報(bào)道的，獨(dú)家專文的e.g.1.ThereporterhadanexclusiveinterviewwiththeNobelprizewinner.那位記者獨(dú)家采訪了那位諾貝爾獎得主。2.ThestoryisexclusivetoWashingtonPost.《華盛頓郵報(bào)》獨(dú)家報(bào)導(dǎo)了這個(gè)故事。Words&Phrases412021/6/27flash

a.(infml)ifsomeoneisflash,theyownexpensivethingsinordertoshowhowmuchmoneytheyhave

奢華的，炫耀的，顯擺的（通常表示不喜歡這樣的人）e.g.1.Hehasabigflashcarathisdisposal.他有一輛闊氣的大車子供他使用。2.Chrisdidn'twanttoseemflashinfrontofhismates.克里斯不想在他的同伴面前顯得是在擺闊。Seealso:flashy.Words&Phrases422021/6/27complaint

n.1)[C]awrittenorspokenstatementinwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfiedwithsth.

訴苦的話；怨言；牢騷e.g.1.Shelodgedacomplaintagainstthewaiterabouthispoorservicewiththerestaurantmanager.她向餐廳經(jīng)理投訴這名服務(wù)員的惡劣服務(wù)。2.Ihaveno

complaints

aboutthequalityofhiswork,butIdon'tenjoyhiscompany.

我并不是抱怨他的工作質(zhì)量，而是不喜歡和他一起工作。Words&Phrases432021/6/272)[U]theactof

complaining

投訴；意見e.g.1.Whatarethegroundsforcomplaint?你提的意見有什么證據(jù)？2.Weacceptyourjustifiedcomplaintforimproperpackingandagreetoreplacethedamagedpieces.我們接受你方關(guān)于包裝不善的正當(dāng)投訴，并同意調(diào)換損壞的貨物。3.Hewhomakesconstantcomplaintgetslittlecompassion.

[諺]經(jīng)常訴苦，少人同情。Wordfamily:complain

v.Words&Phrases442021/6/27creditrating

n.[C]financialinformationaboutsomeonethatabankorshopusesfordecidingwhethertolendthemmoneyortogivethemcredit

信用評價(jià)；信用等級e.g.1.Ifyourcreditratingispoorthelendermayrefuseyoucredit.如果你的信用等級不佳，貸方就可能拒絕你的貸款申請。2.Itisveryimportanttosetuptheindividualcreditratingsystem.建立個(gè)人信用體系非常重要。Words&Phrases452021/6/27superficial

a.1)shallow,lacking

substance

（思想）淺薄的，缺乏深度的e.g.1.Herspeechwassuperficialandfullofgeneralities.她的發(fā)言既膚淺又空泛。2.Thesearesuperficialpolicychangesthathelpnoone.

這些政策上的變化太膚淺，幫助不了任何人。2)affectingorinvolvingonlythesurfaceoroutsidepartofsth.表面的，表皮的e.g.Sunburnisaninflammationofthesuperficiallayersoftheskin.曬傷是皮膚表皮的一種炎癥。Words&Phrases462021/6/27jealousa.(~of)unhappybecausesomeonehassth.thatyouwouldlikeorcandosth.thatyouwouldliketodo

妒忌的；妒羨的e.g.1.Theyareinherentlyjealousandsuspicious.他們與生俱來地善妒和多疑。2.Beingonguardagainstthosewhoarejealousofyoursuccess.要提防那些嫉妒你成功的人。Wordfamily:jealousy

n.Words&Phrases472021/6/27indispensable

a.difficultorimpossibletoexistwithoutortodosth.without

不可缺少的；必不可少的e.g.1.Fertilesoilisindispensableforagriculture.肥沃土壤對農(nóng)業(yè)而言是不可或缺的。2.Manypeoplefindcoffeeinthemorningindispensable.好多人覺得早晨喝一杯咖啡是不可缺少的。Wordfamily:indispensabilityn.Words&Phrases482021/6/27Choosethebestanswer.IntheChinesehousehold,grandparentsandotherrelativesplay____rolesinraisingchildren.(CET4-2002-01)A)incapable B)indispensableC)insensible D)infiniteWords&PhrasesB492021/6/27desirable

a.sth.thatisdesirablehasqualitiesthatmakeyouwantit

令人向往的；吸引人的e.g.1.Thehousehasadesirablelocationwithaviewofthelake.那所房子的地點(diǎn)讓人神往，有一片湖景。2.Nothingcouldbemoredesirablethanforthembothtogetjobsinthiscity.要是他倆都能在這座城市找到工作，那就再好不過了。Wordfamily:desirev.

desirabilityn.

Words&Phrases502021/6/27distinctive

a.characteristicofonepersonorthing,andsoservingtodistinguishitfromothers

與眾不同的；特殊的；特別的；有特色的e.g.1.Thepackagingshouldbemodernanddistinctive.其包裝應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)代的、獨(dú)特的。2.Saturnisknownforitsdistinctiverings.土星以其與眾不同的光環(huán)而出名。Wordfamily:distinctivelyad.Cf.

Distincthandwritingisclearwriting;distinctivehandwritingiswritingyoudon'tconfusewithsomeoneelse's.Words&Phrases512021/6/27Cf.

distinct

a.clearlydifferentorbelongingtoadifferenttype

明顯不同的，截然不同的，不同種類的Fillintheblankswithdistinctive,distinctivelyordistinct.

1.Fund-raisingisa___________Americanthing,sinceU.S.schoolsrelyheavilyondonations.(CET4-2009-12)籌募資金的活動是美國的獨(dú)特事物，因?yàn)槊绹膶W(xué)校主要依賴于捐款運(yùn)營。2.Silkis________fromrayonineveryrespect.真絲在各個(gè)方面都跟人造絲截然不同。3.Hehasa__________appearance,youcanrecognizehimeasily.他的外貌有顯著的特征，你能輕易地認(rèn)出他。Words&Phrasesdistinctivelydistinctdistinctive522021/6/27shiny

a.sth.thatisshinyhasabrightsurfacethatreflectslight

（表面）發(fā)亮的，閃光的e.g.1.Whatshinyshoesyou'rewearing!

你穿的鞋子可真亮啊！2.Thecastlelookedshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks.在焰火中城堡顯得既閃耀又美麗。Wordfamily:shinev.

Words&Phrases532021/6/27prone

a.(~to)likelytodosth.orbeaffectedbysth.,especiallysth.bad

有……傾向的；可能受……影響的e.g.1.Somepeoplearepronetohastyconclusions.有些人往往作出輕率的結(jié)論。2.Peoplearemorepronetomakemistakeswhentheyaretired.人們疲勞時(shí)更容易出差錯。3.Heispronetolosehistemperwhenpeopledisagreewithhim.

人家一不同意他的意見，他就發(fā)脾氣。

Words&Phrases542021/6/27potentially

ad.possiblytrueinthefuture,butnottruenow

可能地；潛在地e.g.1.Potentiallyhigherwagesmayworseninflationarypressure.高薪水有可能會加劇通貨膨脹的壓力。2.Navajoremainedpotentiallyvaluableascodeevenafterthewar.戰(zhàn)后，納瓦霍語在加密方面仍有潛在價(jià)值。3.Aretheypotentiallyharmfultotheconsumeroftheplant?

它們對該植物的食用者是否有潛在的危害？Words&Phrases552021/6/27risk

n.[C]apersonorcompanyconsideredaccordingtohowsafeitistolendthemmoneyorgivetheminsuranceorcredit

貸款對象；保險(xiǎn)對象e.g.1.Driversunder21areregardedaspoorrisksbyinsurancecompanies.不滿21歲的駕駛者被保險(xiǎn)公司認(rèn)為是高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)對象。2.Lenderslookatyourscoretoquicklydecideifyouareagoodorbadrisktolendcreditto.貸方根據(jù)你的分?jǐn)?shù)來判斷為你提供貸款的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是高或低。Words&Phrases562021/6/27liable

a.(~todosth.)

likelytodosth.badorunpleasant

易出問題的e.g.1.Yourstatementisliabletocausemisunderstanding.你的話容易引起誤會。2.Inadepressionbanksareliabletofail.在經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條期間，銀行很可能倒閉。Choosethebestanswer.Itissaidthatthemathteacherseems___towardsbrightstudents.(CET4-2000-06)A)partial B)beneficialC)preferable D)liableWords&PhrasesA572021/6/27lure

vt.&n.1)vt.persuadesomeonetodosth.bymakingitlookveryattractive

引誘；誘惑e.g.U.S.biologistshopetolurewaywardwhalesbacktoPacificOcean.美國生物學(xué)家希望誘導(dǎo)迷路鯨群回到太平洋。2)n.[C]sth.thatattractssomeonetoasituationthattheymaywishtheyhadavoided

誘惑；誘惑物e.g.Helefthomebecauseoftheluresofthelifeinthecity.由于受到城市生活的誘惑，他離開了家。Words&Phrases582021/6/27impoverished

a.animpoverishedpersonorplaceisverypoor

貧困的；赤貧的e.g.1.Theimpoverishedfamilysubsistedoncharity.

那個(gè)貧窮的家庭靠救濟(jì)金過日子。

2.Moneyandfoodweresenttotheimpoverisheddroughtvictims.人們給干旱中貧困的災(zāi)民送去了救濟(jì)金和糧食。Wordfamily:

impoverish

vt.

Words&Phrases592021/6/27unrealistic

a.basedonhopesorwishes,andnotonwhatislikelyorpossible

不現(xiàn)實(shí)的；不可能的e.g.1.Wenevercherishanyunrealisticfanciesaboutthosedesperatecriminals.我們對那些亡命的罪犯從來不抱任何不切實(shí)際的幻想。2.TheythinktheBarbieDollportrayswomeninanunrealisticandunhealthyway.他們認(rèn)為芭比娃娃以既不真實(shí)、又不健康的方式來詮釋女性。Antonym:

realisticWords&Phrases602021/6/27hug

v.&n.1)v.putyourarmsroundsomeonetoshowyourloveorfriendship

擁抱；緊抱（表示愛或友誼）e.g.Hehurriesdownthegangplanktohughiswaitingwife.他急忙走下跳板，去擁抱他那等待著的妻子。2)n.[C]theactionofputtingyourarmsaroundsomeoneandholdingthemtightlytoshowloveorfriendship

擁抱；緊抱（表示愛或友誼）e.g.Thetwofriendsgreetedeachotherwithbearhugs.兩個(gè)老朋友見面時(shí)互相熱烈擁抱。Words&Phrases612021/6/27transpire

vi.(fml)happen

發(fā)生e.g.1.Nothingisknownasyetaboutwhattranspiredatthemeeting.會議上發(fā)生了什么還不得而知。2.Wedonotknowwhatmaytranspirewhenwehaveanewboss.當(dāng)新老板來后，我們不知會有什么發(fā)生。Seealso:ittranspired(that).Words&Phrases622021/6/27suitability

n.[U]thedegreetowhichsomeoneorsth.issuitableforaparticularjoborpurpose

適合；適宜；適當(dāng)e.g.1.Hissuitabilityforthepostisopentoquestion.他是否適合這一職位還有待商榷。2.FieldevaluationoftwoselectedtechnologyoptionswasconductedtoconfirmtheirsuitabilityandreliabilityforapplicationinHongKong.對兩種選定的技術(shù)進(jìn)行實(shí)地評估，以確定它們在香港應(yīng)用是否適合和可靠。Wordfamily:

suitable

a.Words&Phrases632021/6/27broke

a.(infml)(be~)lackingfunds一文不名的；破產(chǎn)的e.g.1.Iwascleanbrokeinlessthantwodays.不到兩天，我身上的錢花得精光。2.Pollymustbeoutofhermindtomarrythatmanwhoisbroke.波莉一定是瘋了，才會跟那個(gè)一文不名的男人結(jié)婚。3.Thecompanywentbrokelastyear.

這家公司去年倒閉了。Words&Phrases642021/6/27overseas

ad.&a.1)ad.

toorinacountryacrossthesea

在國外；向海外e.g.1.Hespentquitealotoftimeworkingoverseas.他在海外工作了很長時(shí)間。2.Thefilmhasrocketedoverseas.這部電影迅速傳到了國外。2)a.happeningorexistinginacountryacrosstheseafromyourcountry（在）海外的；（在）國外的e.g.Weenjoyedtheoverseastravel.我們喜歡去國外旅行。Words&Phrases652021/6/27naturally

ad.1)asmostpeoplewouldexpectorunderstand

當(dāng)然；自然地e.g.1.Thatquestionnaturallysuggesteditself.那個(gè)問題很自然地在腦中出現(xiàn)。2.Naturally,Ihopedforthebest.我當(dāng)然希望最好的結(jié)果。2)inanormalortypicalmanner

自如地；不做作地e.g.Trytoactnaturallyinfrontofthecamera.

在鏡頭前盡量自然些。Wordfamily:

natural

a. naturen.Words&Phrases662021/6/27correspondence

n.[sing,U]

theprocessofwritingandreceivingletters

通信；通信聯(lián)系e.g.1.Ihavefallenbehindwithmycorrespondence.我有一些信件沒有及時(shí)作復(fù)。2.HisEnglishwastaughtbycorrespondence.他的英語是靠函授學(xué)習(xí)的。3.Sherefusedtoenterintocorrespondencewithhim.她拒絕跟他通信。Wordfamily:

correspond

v.Words&Phrases672021/6/27overdraft

n.[C]

anamountyourbankallowsyoutoborrowwhenyouhavenomoneyleftinyouraccount;adeficitinabankaccountcausedbydrawingmoremoneythantheaccountholds透支額；透支e.g.1.Youcanhavea$1000overdraftonthisaccount.這個(gè)帳戶可以透支1000美金。2.Itakeoutanoverdrafttopayformynewcar.我用透支的錢買新車。3.Anoverdraftresultedwhena$1000chequewasdrawnagainstonly$900intheaccount.當(dāng)賬戶上只有900美元時(shí)你支取1000美元，那就造成了透支。Words&Phrases682021/6/27omit

vt.failtoincludesomeoneorsth.,eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouforget

疏忽；省略；遺漏e.g.1.I'llnotwishtoomitthisvaluablebookfrommyreading.我可不愿漏看這本有價(jià)值的書。2.Everydutywhichweomitobscuressometruthwhichweshouldhaveknown.每個(gè)忽略的責(zé)任里都隱含著我們應(yīng)該明白的一些真理。Wordfamily:omission

n.Seealso:omittodosth..Words&Phrases692021/6/27exorbitant

a.anexorbitantpriceoramountofmoneyismuchmorethanisreasonable

（價(jià)格或金額）過高的，不合理的e.g.1.Thebiologistdecidedtotryoutthatexorbitantdevice.生物學(xué)家決定試用那套昂貴的設(shè)備。2.Thatseasidehotelchargesexorbitantpricesduringthesummerholidays.那家海濱旅館在夏天休假期間漫天要價(jià)。Wordfamily:

exorbitance

n.Words&Phrases702021/6/27overspend

n.&v.1)n.[sing]anextraamountthatyoushouldnothavespent

超支額e.g.AtthenextmeetingIintendtoaskthetreasurertoaccountpubliclyfortheoverspendonhisexpensesallowance.在下次會議上我想讓會計(jì)當(dāng)眾解釋他津貼支出的超額部分。2)v.spendmoremoneythanyoushouldormorethanyouintendedto

（使）超支e.g.Theyareencouragedtooverspendandborrowmoney.有人鼓勵他們超支和借款。Words&Phrases712021/6/27sensibly

ad.inasensibleway

合理地；明智地sensiblea.reasonable,practical,andshowinggoodjudgment明智的，合理的，實(shí)際的e.g.1.There’salottobesaidforeatingsensibly.飲食合理的好處不勝枚舉。2.Theysensiblyinvestedtheirprizemoneyratherthanspendingit.他們明智地把獎金用于投資而不是花掉。3.Sometimesturningtailistheonlysensiblethingtodo.有時(shí)出逃是唯一明智之舉。Wordfamily:

sensibility

n.Words&Phrases722021/6/27sparingly

ad.insmallquantities

少量地e.g.1.Thisexpensivespicewasusedonlysparinglyincooking.這種價(jià)格不菲的調(diào)味品僅在烹調(diào)時(shí)少量地使用。2.Ilivednearayearuponthemoney,spendingverysparingly,andekingthingsouttotheutmost.

我就靠著這點(diǎn)錢，克勤克儉，七拼八湊地幾乎過了一年。

Wordfamily:

sparing

a.e.g.Wemustbesparingwithourresources.我們必須節(jié)約使用資源。Words&Phrases732021/6/27notify

vt.informsomeoneofficiallyaboutsth.通知；告知；報(bào)告e.g.1.Theywillnotifyherwhentoappearincourt.他們將通知她何時(shí)出庭。2.AnyinfectiousdiseasemustbenotifiedatoncetotheHealthMinistry.出現(xiàn)任何傳染性疾病都必須馬上通知衛(wèi)生部。Wordfamily:

notification

n.Words&Phrases742021/6/27delightful

a.verypleasantorattractive

令人愉快的；討人喜歡的；迷人的；漂亮的e.g.1.Thewindblewdelightfulodorsfromthepineforests.風(fēng)從松林中吹來陣陣沁人的芳香。2.Peterplayedadelightfulmelodyonhisflute.彼得用笛子吹奏了一支歡快的曲子。3.Hewasamostdelightfulcompanion,fullofwitandhumour.

他是