專題29 8BU5-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識點一遍過（江蘇專用）

8BU5-2023年牛津譯林版初中英語單元知識點一遍過（江蘇專用）過單詞短語過單詞短語1：Second,don’tcutinonothers.(P64)第二，不要打斷其他人。cutin(onsb./sth.)打斷（談話），插嘴。如：Shealwayscutsinwhenotherpeoplearetalking.【知識拓展】cutdown砍倒；減少,削減cutoff切斷，割斷，剪斷cutout切去,切除；剪下例如：Ifyoucutdownallthetreesyouwillruintheland.Shecutoffasmallpieceofbreadandgaveittome.2：Alwayswaitpolitely.(P64)總是禮貌地等候。politeadj.有禮貌的impoliteadj.沒有禮貌的politelyadv.沒有禮貌地bepolitetosb.對…有禮貌berudetosb.對…粗魯如：Weshouldbepolitetooldpeople.3：leavethetaprunning(P65)水龍頭一直在流leavevt.(1)使…處于某種狀態(tài)，“l(fā)eavesth.+賓語補足語”結構中，可用形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞等作賓語補足語。①現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，如：Whathesaidleftmethinkingdeeply.②形容詞作賓語補足語，如：Hisillnesslefthimweak.(2)離開;脫離leave…for…離開…前往…如：I’llleaveNanjingforBeijingtomorrow.(3)遺忘;丟下leavesth.+地點如：Ileftthebookathome.注意：forgetsth.表示忘記某物，不強調地點，如：Sorry,IforgotmyEnglishbook.Ileftitathome.4：queueforyourturn(P65)排隊等待queuev.意為“排隊等候”如：Weshouldqueueupattheticketoffice.jumpthequeue意為“插隊”。如：Whydidyoujumpthequeuejustnow?(2)turnn.

順序,

輪流

It's

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

輪到某人做某事,如：It's

your

turn

to

make

a

decision.

take

one's

turn

to

do

sth.

輪流做某事如：The

nurses

took

turns

to

attend

the

patient.

5：I’mafraidnot.(P65)我恐怕不是。I’mafraid意為“恐怕”，主要用于禮貌地說出令人不快、失望或感到遺憾的事。如：I’mafraidIcan’tstay.I’mafraid之后可接so或not，表示前面所提到的情況：表肯定時用so；表否定時用not。如：Willhecometoday?I’mafraidso(not).此用法還有Ithinkso./Idon’tthinkso.Ihopeso./Ihopenot.8：What’stheproperwaytogreetpeoplethere,Jenny?(P66)簡妮，問候那里的人合適的方法是什么？(1)動詞不定式togreetpeoplethere作后置定語，修飾theproperway。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.(2)thewaytodosth./ofdoingsth.做某事的方式或方法，如：【拓展】ontheway在路上bytheway順便說，順便問intheway=insb'sway擋路，礙事(3)greetsb歡迎某人greetsb.withsth.用…問候某人greetings名詞，問候（4）improper不恰當?shù)膒roperly恰當?shù)豬mproperly不恰當?shù)?：Britishpeoplesay“hello”or“nicetomeetyou”andshakeyourhandwhentheymeetyouforthefirsttime.(P66)英國人在他們第一次遇見你時說“你好”或“很高興認識你”并和你握手。(1)shake過去式shook；過去分詞shaken；現(xiàn)在分詞shaking常用短語：shakeone’shands握某人的手；shakehandswithsb.與某人握手waveone’shands揮某人的手；wavetosb.向某人揮手(2)handvt.

常用短語：handin上交，交上去(給老師或上級)

handout散發(fā)，分發(fā)10：Britishpeopleonlygreetrelativesorclosefriendswithakiss.(P66)英國人只用親吻來問候親戚或親密的朋友。close①vt/vi.關閉;蓋上;合上，反義詞為open。如：Sheclosedthedoorsoftly.②adj.近的,接近的(+to)。如：Hishouseisclosetothefactory.(關系)密切的,親密的。如：Sheisaclosefriendoftheirs.③adv.接近,靠近地(+to)。如：Theyliveclosetothemuseum.緊密地,緊緊地。如：Annafollowedclosebehind.④closelyadv.密切地（抽象概念）workclosely【拓展】closedadj.關閉的，反義詞為open。如：Helikessleepingwiththewindowclosed.11：Butpleaseavoidsubjectslikeage,weight,music,booksorsomethingelse.(P66)但是請避免像年齡、體重、音樂、書籍或是其他的話題。avoidvt.后接名詞或動名詞做賓語，意為避免做某事。如：Weshoulddoeverythingcarefullytoavoidmakingmistakes.12：Dopeopletherebehavepolitelyinpublic?(P66)那里的人會在公共場合舉止文明嗎？(1)behavevt/vi.表現(xiàn)名詞形式behavior表現(xiàn)；行為，舉止(2)publicn.民眾，群體；adj.公共的，公開的。如：Thepubliclikewatchingfilmslikethis.Pleasepaymoreattentiontothepublicsignswhenwalkinginthestreet.inpublic公開地，在別人面前。如：Don’tspeakloudlyinpublic.13：Theythinkit’srudetopushinbeforeothers.(P66)他們認為在其他人面前插話是很粗魯?shù)摹?1)rudeadj.粗魯?shù)模幻~rudeness;反義詞polite常用短語：berudeto對…粗魯，如：Weshouldn’tberudetoanyone.(2)pushv.推，反義詞為pull，v.拉常用短語：pushin插隊，加塞；插嘴14：Also,iftheybumpintosomeoneinthestreet,they’llsay“sorry”.(P67)同樣，如果他們在街上裝上某人，他們會說“對不起”。bumpinto撞上，碰上【拓展】runinto撞上，碰上breakinto破門而入，非法進入turn…into把…變成…15：They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowaittillyoumove.(P67)他們將會說“打擾”并很禮貌地等你直到你移動為止。在肯定句中，till一般可以與until互換，但在否定句中一般用until，構成not…until…的結構，意為“直到…才…”如：Shewillwaitheretill/until10.Tomdidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.注意：主句為一般將來時，till/until引導的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。如：Thebuswillnotgotill/untilallthepeoplegetonit.16：Britishpeopleareverypoliteathomeaswell,aren’tthey?(P67)英國人在家也很禮貌，不是嗎?放句中用aswellas，放句末用aswell；aswellas用在主語后，要用就遠原則，如：Heaswellashisparentsisgoingtothemarket.主語看作三單17：Shedidnotjointhediscussion.(P71)她沒有加入討論。discussionn.討論動詞形式discuss常用短語：underdiscussiondosth.byaccident偶然，碰巧expressoneselfclearly20.舉行一個關于……的演講holdatalkon注意：介詞on21.它將會在星期天下午兩點鐘舉行。Itwilltakeplaceat2onSundayafternoon.我們將舉行一個關于好的餐桌禮儀的演講。Wearegoingtoholdatalkongoodtablemanners.注意：hold和takeplace的區(qū)別hold是舉辦人做主語，賓語是舉辦的活動比賽等；takeplace是活動比賽做主語，后面沒有賓語。1：Helpexplainthingsandgiveususefulinformation.(P72)幫助解釋事情并給我們有用的信息。explainvt./vi.及物動詞的用法為explaintosb.sth.或explainsth.tosb.即不能直接跟雙賓語，在表人的間接賓語前，后需加介詞to。如：Heexplainedtomethedifficultmathsproblem.=Heexplainedthedifficultmathsproblemtome.2：keepusfromdanger(P72)使我們遠離危險keepsb./sthawayfromsth.阻止某人/某物前去或接近keep/stop/preventsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事如：Hekeepshisdogawayfromhisbedroom.Tomkepthislittlebrotherfrombotheringhim.3：warnusagainstsomething(P72)提醒我們地方某些可能發(fā)生的事情warnvt.警告，提醒用法如下：①warnsb.(not)todosth.警告某人（不要）干某事。如：Hewarnedusnottostayuplate.②warnsb.of/aboutsth.提醒、警告某人注意某事。如：Hewarnedthedangerofthecaraccident.warningn.警告，提醒。如：Togiveawarning,hewavedhishandsquickly.

4：Sorry,Ididn’tnoticethatsignjustnow.(P73)對不起，我剛剛沒有注意到那個標志。notice常用于noticesb.dosth.;noticesb.doingsth.結構中。如：DidyounoticeJackcomein?Didyounoticehishandshaking?noticen.意為"布告,公告,啟事",是可數(shù)名詞。如：Thereisanoticeontheofficegatesaying"NoParking".作名詞常用的詞組有：①takenoticeofsb./sth.意為"注意某人/某物"。如:Takenoticeofwhattheysay.②takenonoticeofsb./sth.意為"不理會某人/某物"。如:Takenonoticeofhisangrywords-heisnotwell.

5：Everybodywillbeluckyorsuccessfulsometimeintheirlife.(P74)每個人都將會在他們的一生中走運或是成功。successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地successn.成功。succeedvi.成功；如：Hissuccessmakesmewanttobesuccessfulinthenearfuture.常用短語：dosth.successfully=succeedinsth./doingsth.6：Risklosingeverythingallatonetime.(P74)曾經(jīng)冒險做失去一切的風險。riskvt.冒…的危險;

使…冒風險（或面臨危險）常用短語：risksth/doingsth冒…什么危險/冒險做某事如：Heriskedwalkingaloneinthedark.riskn.危險，冒險常用短語：atrisk在危險中run/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒險做某事如：We’dbetternotruntheriskofcatchingacoldbywalkingwithoutanumbrellaintherain.7：Justasthesayinggoes.(P75)正如諺語所說。(1)as用法小結

1）作連詞，引導方式狀語從句，意為“像；按照”。

如：

You

must

do

everything

as

I

asked

you

to.

2）作介詞，表示“作為；

當作”。如：

As

a

party

member,

I

must

be

strict

with

myself．

3）作連詞，引導時間狀語從句。意為“當……的時候”。

如：

She

sings

as

she

walks．

4）用于一些固定搭配。如：

as

well

as

同（一樣也）；和；還

On

Sunday,his

landlady

provided

dinner

as

well

as

breakfast．

（2）saying諺語常見的諺語有：DoasRomansdoinRome.入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患難見真情。Nopains,nogains.不勞無獲。Burnthecandlesatbothends.操勞過度。Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.早起的鳥兒有蟲吃。Itneverrainsbutitpours.不雨則已，一雨傾盆。Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨磅礴。Manyhandsmakelightwork.眾人拾柴火焰高。Everydoghasitsday.人人都有得意日。Putallyoureggsinonebasket.孤注一擲。Thegrassisalwaysgreenerthantheotherside.這山看著那山高。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實。Actionspeakslouderthanwords.行動勝過語言。

Eastorwest,homeisthebest.金窩銀窩不如自家草窩。Likeandlikemakegoodfriends.趣味相投。It'snevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學到老。Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧。Easiersaidthandone.說起來容易做起來難。

Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。8：Otherwise,youwillbecometiredout.(P75)否則，你將會筋疲力盡。tiredadj.累的，疲倦的（指人）；tiringadj.令人累的，令人疲倦的（指物）。常用短語：betiredof對...感到厭倦;betiredwith因...而疲勞。如：Iamtiredoflivingaboard.

Iamtiredwithclimbingthatsteephill.9：conclusion(P76)結論conclusionn.結論;

結局;

斷定，決定;

推論;

復數(shù)：conclusionsconcludev.下結論。如：10：Thepurposeofthetalkistoteachstudentsrulesforeating.(P77)講座的目的是教學生吃飯的規(guī)矩。此處的toteach放在is的后面，做表語。動詞不定式還可以放在名詞的后面做后置定語。如：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.11：Aboveall,whenyouaresittingatthetable,youshouldnotstarteatinguntileveryoneisready.(P77)最重要的是，當你做在飯桌旁，你不應該開飯直到每個人都準備好。aboveall最重要的是，如：Aboveall,itneedsawisedecision.一般放在句首，后面加逗號“，”其他all短語：inall總計afterall畢竟firstofall首先atthetable在桌子旁有些名詞前用冠詞或不用冠詞，其意義有所不同。如：①attable在吃飯；atthetable在桌子旁②inclass在上課；intheclass在班級中③gotoschool去上學;gototheschool到那所學校去④gotobed上床睡覺;gotothebed到床那邊去⑤infrontof在…的前面;inthefrontof在…的前部12：Theserulesareimportantbecauseweshouldmakesurethatbothguestsandhostsarecomfortableatthetable.(P77)這些規(guī)矩很重要，因為我們應該確?？腿撕椭魅嗽谧雷优远己苁娣ake

sure用法Make

sure

of

his

coming

before

you

set

off.

I

make

sure

(that)

he

would

come.

過語法過語法enoughto的用法“be+adj./adv.+enoughtodosth.”結構常用來描述一個人的個性、品格和能力。該結構可以用so...that句型進行替換。如:Heisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavystone.=Heissostrongthathecancarrytheheavystone.他夠強壯能搬起這塊很重的石頭。enough在句中可以作狀語、定語和表語。如:Thehouseisnotbigenoughforus.這房子對我們來說不夠大。(作狀語)Haveyougotenoughmoney?你的錢夠嗎?(作定語)Sixbottlesshouldbeenough.六瓶應該夠了。(作表語)too...to的用法英語中too...to結構的基本形式是“betoo+adj./adv.(forsb.)+todosth.”，意為“(對某人來說)太……而不能……”，它在形式上是肯定的，但在意義上是否定的。使用該結構時，應注意以下幾點：1.當主語本身是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語時，不定式后不接賓語。此時的不定式如果是不及物動詞，動詞之后應加上適當?shù)慕樵~，這時的主語就變成了介詞的賓語。如:Thewaterintheglassistoohottodrink.杯子內的水太熱了不能喝。(drink是及物動詞，thewater是drink的邏輯賓語)Thehouseistoooldtolivein.這房子太舊了不能住(live是不及物動詞，其后須接介詞，thehouse是in的邏輯賓語)2.當主語不是不定式的邏輯賓語，而不定式是及物動詞時，動詞之后要接賓語。如:Thehallistoosmalltoholdsomanystudents.會堂太小了不能容納這么多學生。3.動詞不定式之前可以帶邏輯主語，表示不定式動作的執(zhí)行者，常用forsb.。如:Thehouseistooexpensiveforhimtobuy.對他來說這房子太貴了，買不起。4.如果在too之前加上not或never，該結構就不再有否定的意義，意為“永/絕不……做某事”。如:Chineseisnottoodifficulttolearn.漢語絕不難學。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老，學到老。單項選擇()1.—Doyouwanttokeepgoldfish?—No,itis_______difficult_______takecareofthem.A.so;that B.not;enoughto C.too;to D.such;that()2.Heranandran,buthecouldn'trun_______tocatchthebus.A.sofastB.enoughfastC.toofastD.fastenough()3.Heis_______appleswithus.A.oldenoughpicking B.enougholdtopickC.oldenoughtopick D.enougholdpicking()4.TheChinesegirlHanMeimeicanspeakgoodEnglish_______.HerEnglishis_______thatofLucy.A.aswell;aswell B.aswell;asgoodasC.too;asgood D.aswellas;aswellas()5.Ifindit_______toworkoutthisproblem.Youneedn'tgototheteacher.A.enougheasy B.easilyenough C.easyenough D.veryeasily()6.Thestoneis_______heavyformetocarry.A.too B.very C.so D.enough()7.Theroomis_______threedesks.A.verybigtohold B.bigenoughtoholdC.enoughbigtohold D.toobigtohold()8.—Mum,canIrideyournewmotorbiketovisitmyfriends?—Sorry,baby.Ithinkyouare_______young_______rideit.A.so;that B.too;to C.enough;to D.too;that()9.Theworkersaretoobusy_______,Theyhavetokeepworkingtilltheyfinishit.A.havingarest B.nottohavearestC.tohavearest D.thattheyhavearest()10.Theoldmanwas______angry______aword.Hejuststoodthere,lookingathisson.A.enough;tosayB.so;saying C.very;tosay D.too;tosay【答案】CDCBCABBCD翻譯句子1.我太興奮了，都沒法清楚地表達自己。_________________________________________________________________________________2.Peter太慢了，沒能寫下所有的重點。_________________________________________________________________________________3.Kitty忙于和他人交談沒有聽以致于收音機。________________________________________________________________________________4.英國人太有禮貌了，不會在公共場合大聲笑。________________________________________________________________________________5.Sandy夠細心能注意到她身邊的小變化。________________________________________________________________________________6.Suzy太害羞了，沒能加入討論。_________________________________________________________________________________【答案】1.Iamtooexcitedtoexpresshimselfclearly.2.Peterwastooslowtowritedownallthemainpoints.3.Kittywastoobusytalkingwithotherstolistentotheradio.4.Britishpeoplearetoopolitetolaughloudlyinpublic.5.Sandyiscarefulenoughtonoticesmallchangesaroundher.6.Suzywastooshytojoin(in)thediscussion.重難點訓練重難點訓練一、單詞拼寫1.Myfathertoldmenotto_______（碰）thevaseinhisstudy.HesaiditwasmadeinQingDynasty.2.A_______（諺語）isasentencethatpeopleoftensayandgiveadviceorinformationabouthumanlifeandexperience.3.Keepworking_______（直到）youallcanworkthisproblemout.4._______（正如）youcansee,weareinneedoffoodanddrinknow.5.Thesepagesaren'tintheir_______（適當?shù)模﹐rder.6.We_______（推）thepiano,butitdidn'tmove.7.Theladyshoutedas_______（大聲地）asshecould.8.-_______me,couldyoutellmethewaytothelibrary?-Sorry,I'mnewhere.Youmayasktheoldmansittingthere.9.-What'swrongwithyourleg?-Oh,Ihitarockby_______.Itreallyhurtmealot.10.-IheardpeopleinEnglanddriveontheleft.ShouldIdoastheydo?-Ofcourse.Rememberthat"WheninRome,doasthe_______do".【答案】1.touch2.saying3.till/until4.As5.proper6.pushed7.loudly8.Excuse9.accident10.Romans二、單項選擇()l.Icouldn'twalkveryfastbecausealotofpeoplewere_______.A.inmyway B.inthisway C.insomewayD.onmyway()2.Dotheygreeteachother_______akiss?A.by B.at C.with D.use()3.-Mum'sbirthdayiscoming.Whatwouldyoubuyforher?-I'mnotsure.Anyway,Iwillfind_______.A.enoughgoodsomething BsomethinggoodenoughC.somethingenoughgood D.goodsomethingenough()4.Ilikemathsandshelikesmath_______.A.either B.aswellas C.aswell D.sowell()5.-Youarenewhere,_______?-Yes,I'mfromJiamusi.It'smyfirsttimeI've________Wuxi.A.aren'tyou;beento B.don'tyou;beentoC.aren'tyou;beenin D.don'tyou;goneto()6.I'msorryyou'vewaitedsolong,butthere’llbesometime_______BrangetsbackA.when B.since C.till D.after()7.Motheroftentellsmetospeakinalow_______inpublic.A.sound B.shout C.scream D.voice()8.-Doyouthinkitwillraintomorrow?-_______.Becausefarmersneedrainverymuch.Ithinkso B.Ihopeso C.I'mafraidso D.I'mafraidnot【答案】1-5ACBCC6-8CDB三、完形填空NowmoreandmorepeoplewouldliketovisitTibet(西藏).Whatwouldyoudoifyougoto1aTibetanfamily?Herearesometipsforyou.First,whenyouare2thehouse,don'tsteponthedoorsill(門檻）.Andwhenyoutalkwiththem,youmayadd"la"behindtheirnamestoshow3respect(尊重)andkindness.RemembernottotouchthetopoftheheadoftheTibetans.It'snot4.Then,iftheyaskyoutotakeaseat,youmay5cross-legged.Don'tletyoursoles(鞋底)touchothers.Tibetanpeoplearefriendly.Duringthemeal,they6liketohaveadrinkwhentheyhavedinnerwithfriends.FortheTibetans,stickingoutthetonguemeansexpressingtheirrespectfor7.Iftheyputtheirpalms(手掌)together,it8thebestwishforyou.Use9handstoreceivegifts.Hada,thewhitescarf,isthesymbolofgoodluck.Presentingitisthegreatestetiquette(禮節(jié))10Tibetanpeople.Soyoushouldbend(彎)yourbodywhenreceivingit.WishyouagoodtimeinaTibetanfamily.()1.A.have B.visit C.leave D.see()2.A.entering B.building C.buying D.enjoying()3.A.its B.our C.your D.wild()4.A.strange B.wild C.happy D.polite()5.A.sit B.lie C.stand D.run()6.A.never B.always C.seldomD.still()7.A.them B.other C.anotherD.others()8.A.calls B.asks C.means D.joins.()9.A.both B.all C.no D.each()10.A.across B.among C.after D.about【答案】1-5BACDA6-10BDCAB四、閱讀理解Whenyoucoughorsneeze,pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand.Afterwards,youshouldsay,"Excuseme.”ThisisaruleIsetformystudents.Itissosimple,butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis.Infact,Inoticeadultscoughandsneezeinpublicwithoutputtingahandoverthemouth.Ihatetravellingbysubway（地鐵）inNewYorkduringcoldandfluseason,becauseitiscertainthatsomeoneisgoingtostandrightbehindmeandcoughorsneezeonmyneck.OneimportantthingIpointouttothekidsisthataftertheysneezeorcoughontheirhand,theyshouldwashtheirhandsassoonaspossible.Otherwise,theywillbepassingthosegerms(病菌)alongtoeverythingandeveryonetheytouch.Inordertohelpthekidsrememberthisrule,Itellthemaboutanoldstory.Itsaysthatwhenyousneeze,evilspiritsjumpintoyourbody.Ifyoudon'tcoveryourmouth,thespiritswillenter,butifyoucoveryourmouth,youwillkeepthemout,Wesay"Godblessyou"whensomeonesneezes,andinGermanyyoushouldsay"Gesundheit".Thatmeans"Goodhealthtoyou."Bothexpressionsaresaidjustincaseyoudidn'tcoveryourmouthintimeandthespiritswereabletoenteryourbody.Thekidslovefindingouttheorigins（起源）oftheseexpressionsanditencouragesthemtoputtheadvicetousemoreoften.()1.Aftercoughingorsneezingontheirhand,studentsareadvisedto_______.A.say"Godblessyou"B.washtheirhandsassoonaspossibleC.gotoseeadoctorassoonaspossibleD.gohomeandhaveagoodrest()2.Whatdoestheunderlineword"this"mean?A.Don'tcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeople.B.Don'tstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes.C.Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain..D.Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry.()3.Fromthepassagewecanknowthewriterofthisarticlemustbe_______.A.areporterB.ateacherC.adoctorD.anofficer()4.Accordingtothearticle,thewriterwouldlikethekids_______.A.tobepolitetoadults B.tobeinbetterhealthC.tohavegoodmannersD.todowellinexams【答案】1-4BDBC五、翻譯句子這些公共標志牌使我們遠離危險。Thesekeepus.行動勝于雄辯。Actionwords.熟能生巧。.剛才警察警告他們不要在街上踢足球。Thepolicemanplayfootballinthestreetjustnow.這次聚會的目的是為貧困學生籌款。ispoorstudents.【答案】1publicsigns;fromdanger2speakslouderthan3Practicemakesperfect.4warnedthemnotto5Thepurposeoftheparty;toraisemoneyfor六、動詞填空1._________they________(decide)whenandwhere_____________(build)thenewfactory?Notyet.2.Mygrandpaisnotstrongenough______________(travel)aroundtheworldonhisown.3.Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.I_____________(meet)herseveraltimes.4.