2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld學(xué)案必修4

Module6UnexplainedMysteriesoftheNaturalWorld一、背單詞與詞塊(一)背閱讀單詞——會認就行(背誦時遮住右側(cè)漢語，先自主翻譯，后比對詞義)1．monstern． 怪物2．footprintn. 腳??；足跡3．hairyadj. 毛的，多毛的4．creaturen. 動物；生物5．greyadj. 灰色的6．clawn. 爪7．nailn. (手、腳的)指甲；爪8．journaln. 雜志；學(xué)報；期刊(二)背重點單詞——寫對才行1．a(chǎn)ttackvt. 襲擊；攻擊2．sharp_adj. 鋒利的；尖的3．claimvt. 聲稱4．surfacen. 表面；水面5．dive_vi. 潛水6．calmadj. 平靜的7．scepticaladj. 懷疑的；不相信的8．unlikelyadj. 不可能的9．covervt. 占地(多大面積)10．a(chǎn)daptvi. 適應(yīng)；適合11．disappearvi. 不見；消失12．extinctadj. 絕種的；消亡了的13．fierceadj. 兇猛的；殘暴的14．generousadj. 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的15．reputationn. 名譽；名聲(三)背拓展單詞——用準才行1．frightn．害怕→frighteningadj.嚇人的→frightenedadj.害怕的→frightenvt.使害怕；使驚嚇2．existvi.存在→existencen．存在3．mysteryn．神秘的人(或事物)；奧秘→mysteriousadj.神秘的4．destroyv．毀壞；摧毀→destruction_n．毀壞→destructiveadj.毀滅性的；破壞性的5．positiveadj.正面的→negativeadj.負面的6．indicatevt.象征；暗示→indicationn．象征；跡象7．identifyvt.確認；識別；鑒別→identityn．身份；特性→identificationn．確認；鑒定；身份證明8．fortunen．運氣；命運；財富→fortunateadj.幸運的→fortunatelyadv.幸運地[語境活用]1．Itwasaveryfrighteningexperiencebutthecourageousteenagersneverfeltfrightened.(frighten)2．Itisvitalthatweacttostopthedestructionoftherainforests,somepartsofithasbeendestroyedseverely.(destroy)3．Thetheorysupposestheexistenceoflifeonotherplanetswhichislikelytoexistanyway.(exist)4．Iwaslate,butfortunatelythemeetinghadn'tstarted,soIwassupposedtobefortunate.(fortune)(四)背高頻單詞——先“記牢”再“用活”，不背絕對不行1．calmadj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的v．(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來n．平靜；寧靜背詞條用法(1)calmoneself(使)自己平靜下來calm(sb.)down(使某人)平靜下來，鎮(zhèn)靜下來(2)keep/stay/remaincalm保持鎮(zhèn)靜背寫作佳句①Whenmeetingwithdanger,calmingyourselfdownismostessential.遇到危險時，讓自己冷靜下來是最重要的。②Facedwiththecrisis,thegovernmentstayed/kept/remainedcalmandtooktimelymeasures.面對危機，政府保持鎮(zhèn)靜并及時采取了措施。2．a(chǎn)daptvi.適應(yīng)；適合；改編；改寫背詞條用法(1)adaptoneselfto使自己適應(yīng)adaptto適應(yīng)；適合(2)adapt...todo...調(diào)整……以做……adapt...from...根據(jù)……改寫/改編……adapt...for...將……改(編)為……(3)adaptationn.改編本；適應(yīng)背寫作佳句①Toallofyou,freshstudents,howtoadaptyourselvestothenewenvironmentisthefirstthingthatyouhavetoface.對你們所有新生來說，如何使自己適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境是你們必須面對的第一件事。②Mike,MaryandIhadadiscussionabouttheadaptationoftheclassicliteratureyesterday.邁克、瑪麗和我昨天討論了改編古典文學(xué)作品的問題。(五)背短語詞塊——表達出彩，需多積詞塊才行eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)單元短語再認再現(xiàn)1．stick_out 伸出2．be_sceptical_about 對……懷疑3．be_related_to 與……有關(guān)4．throw_light_on/upon 幫助弄清楚；闡明某事；照亮5．die_out 滅絕6．close_to 接近；靠近eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)重點短語拓展用活dieout滅絕；(習(xí)俗、習(xí)慣等)逐漸消失背相關(guān)短語dieoff(家族、種族等)相繼死去dieof...死于(疾病等內(nèi)因)……diefrom...死于(外因)……bedyingfor很想要；渴望背寫作佳句①Ourplanet'swildlifeisdyingoutatanalarmingrate.我們地球上的野生動物正以驚人的速度滅絕。②YoumentionedthatyouwouldliketoteachEnglishinreturn,whichisexactlywhatIamdyingfor.你提到你想要教英語作為回報，這正是我渴望的。二、背佳句與佳作(一)背寫作佳句——多“輸入”才能巧“輸出”eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ)教材內(nèi)句式舉一反三1．Heclaimstohaveseenaroundblackcreaturemovingquicklythroughthewater.(動詞不定式的完成式：tohavedone，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前)他聲稱看見一個黑黑的、圓圓的動物在水中快速游動。佳句①(2018·北京高考書面表達)Lastweek,IfeltveryproudtohavehadachancetointroduceChineseteaculturetoagroupofAmericanstudents.上周，我很榮幸有機會向一群美國學(xué)生介紹中國茶文化。佳句②LangPingisknowntohavebeengivenmorethanonegoldmedalattheOlympic.眾所周知，郎平在奧運會上獲得了不止一枚金牌。2．Theysaythatthelow-temperaturelakeisunlikelytobeabletosupportsuchlargelivingcreatures.(beunlikelytodosth.“不可能做某事”)他們說，水溫這樣低的湖泊不可能生存有體形如此巨大的動物。佳句①Theexchangestudentwhoneedstomunicateusingpictures,isunlikelytopassthelanguagetestbyhimself.需要用圖片交流的交換生不太可能獨自通過語言測試。佳句②Seeingthathe'sbeenoffsickallweekhe'sunlikelytoetoday.他請病假整整一周了，所以今天也不大可能來。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ)同主題佳句熟讀成誦1．TheYetiissaidtobealarge,hairyanimalthatwalksontwofeetlikeahumanbeing.據(jù)說雪人是體形很大多毛的動物，像人一樣直立行走。2．We'lltrytogetascloseaspossibletotheanimals,eventhoughtheyaredangerous,sothatwecantakesomereallygoodphotographs.盡管這些動物很危險，我們將盡可能靠近它們以便我們能拍些很好的照片。3．Althoughwecan'tsolvethesemysteries,Ibelievethat,inthefuture,theywilleventuallybeconqueredbyhumanbeings.盡管我們不能解決這些神秘之事，我相信，將來它們最終會被人類攻克。(二)背滿分作文——好習(xí)作就靠“仿效”和“背誦”本輯學(xué)點——約稿信(二)[題目要求](2015·全國卷Ⅰ)假定你是李華，你校英文報“外國文化”欄目擬刊登介紹美國節(jié)日風(fēng)俗和中學(xué)生生活的短文。請給你的美國朋友Peter寫信約稿，要點如下：1．欄目介紹；2.稿件內(nèi)容；3．稿件長度：約400詞；4.交稿日期：12月28日前。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。[背范文]DearPeter，I'dliketoaskyoutowriteanarticleforourschool'sEnglishnewspaper.Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled“ForeignCultures”，whichenjoysgreatpopularityamongusstudents.Itcarriesarticleswrittenbyforeignfriendsabouttheirtraditionalfestivalsandcustoms,aswellastheirdailylives.Ibelievethisisawonderfulopportunityforyoutoshareyourownexperienceswithus.Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.Thelengthofthearticleshouldbelimitedto400wordsorso.Ifyouwanttocontributetoournewspaper,pleaseremembertosubmityourarticlebefore28th,December.I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.Yours，LiHua[學(xué)亮點]1．學(xué)高級表達(1)使用高級詞匯和語塊，如：enjoygreatpopularity,aswellas,relevant,solongas,informative,contributeto,submit等。(2)準確運用復(fù)雜句式結(jié)構(gòu)，如：過去分詞短語作定語called“ForeignCultures”和writtenbyforeignfriends；非限制性定語從句whichenjoysgreatpopularityamongusstudents；條件狀語從句solongasit'sinterestingandinformative等。這些高級表達為文章增色不少，也彰顯了考生的語言功底。2．學(xué)精彩結(jié)尾結(jié)尾使用I'mlookingforwardtohearingfromyou.表達了對回信的期待。3．防微點失分考生容易因無句子成分意識將“Inthenewspaperofourschoolthereisacolumncalled‘ForeignCultures’”中的called錯誤地表達為call，或把“Youcanwriteanythingrelevantsolongasit'sinterestingandinformative.”中的anythingrelevant錯誤地表達為relevantanything，從而導(dǎo)致失分。學(xué)案(一)重點單詞的查漏補缺——打牢必備知識[全面練——練清易錯微點]Ⅰ.單詞拼寫1.Yourcoreidentity(身份)iswhatmakesyouunique.2．LeiFengwasamanwhokeptajournal(日記，日志),inwhichherecordedalmostallhisthoughts.3．ItisannouncedthattheplanetJupitermayhavenosolidsurface(表面)atall.4.Themanagerbelievesthatthejobisunlikely(不可能)tobefinishedinside(of)ayear.5．Agrey(灰色的)raincoatwasfoldedoverherarm,soitwasobviousthattherainhadstopped.6.Mistwasrising,andtreesaswellasthevillagebegantodisappear(消失)inamilk-whitehaze.7．Aftergraduation,heenteredanestablishedpanywithagoodreputation(名聲，名譽)．8.Heisaconversationalleader,whousedtomanagetocover(涉及)alotofgroundinashorttalk.Ⅱ.根據(jù)語境寫出加黑部分的漢語意思1．Thepublicremainscepticaloftheseclaims.懷疑的2．Lisasetaboutattackingtheproblemimmediatelyshereturnedfromholiday.奮力處理3．(2019·江蘇高考)IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedforallitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.火山的4．AlaskanEskimosbelievethateverylivingcreaturepossessesaspirit.生物，動物5.(熟詞生義)Theywalkedforalongtimeandcoveredagooddealofground.行走(一段路程)6.(熟詞生義)(2018·天津高考)Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleansweringthesequestions.敏銳的Ⅲ.單句語法填空1．Sheclaimed(claim)theyhadavoideddoinganythingwhichweremightdamagehergoodfame.2．Thegovernmenthaseunderattackfornotdoingenoughtodealwithterrorism.3．Acloudofvolcanic(volcano)ashwasspreadingacrosswideareasofthePhilippines.4．Herespondedpositively(positive)andacceptedthefeeofD|S1,000Ihadoffered.5．Afterseeingthefrighteningfilm,thefrightenedboywastoofrightenedtowalkhomealoneinthedark.(frighten)6.Aftertheidentificationofvictim'sappearanceandage,thepoliceidentifiedtheidentityofthekiller.(identify)7．Somenaturalmysteriesoftheancienttimesarestillmysterioustopeopletoday.(mystery)8．Peopledestroyforestsandriversfortheirownbenefit.Theirdestructiveactivitiesarelikelytocausethedestructionoftheearth.(destroy)名師點撥“一站清”(1)identity表示“身份”。identification還可表示“確認；鑒定，識別；身份證明”。(2)likely與possible/probable的不同之處在于：likely可用于“belikelytodo”結(jié)構(gòu)；probable的可能性相對較大。(3)disappear的反義詞appear除了表示“出現(xiàn)”之外，還可作系動詞講，表示“顯得……”。(4)cover單詞可考查的意思較多：n.封面；蓋子；掩蔽物。v.覆蓋，蓋住；包括；采訪；涉及；行走(一段路程)；讀過(書的頁碼)。(5)sharp的本意是“尖的”，可轉(zhuǎn)化為動詞，意為“磨快；把音調(diào)提高”。作形容詞講時，sharp的本意是“鋒利的”，還可以表示“急劇的，敏捷的，(人的言語)尖酸的、刻薄的”。有時候，該詞還可以作副詞講，表示“急劇地，銳利地，突然地”。[重點練——深化高頻考點]1．calm[明其義]adj.平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的v．(使)平靜；(使)鎮(zhèn)定下來n．平靜；寧靜[通其用]單句語法填空①Shewasbreathingdeeplyandtriedtocalmherself(she).②Thepolicefoundthatitwasdifficulttocalmdowntheangrycrowd.③It'snousetryingtopersuadehimagain,heisunlikelyto_calm(calm)himselfdown.[解其困]不同的“靜”：silent“寂靜的，沉默的”；still“靜止的，不動的”；quiet“安靜的，寧靜的”；peaceful“平靜的，和平的”。2．a(chǎn)dapt[明其義]vi.適應(yīng)；適合；改編；改寫[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Third-culturekidsmaynotbeabletoadaptthemselves(they)pletelytotheirnewsurroundingsasexpected.②Adapted(adapt)fromJ．K.Rowling'sbookseriesofthesametitle,the“HarryPotter”moviesareuniversallyacknowledgedasclassics.③Thefamousexpertadaptedhisspeechto_suit(suit)theinterestsofhisaudience.(2)句式升級④Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,ifitwasadaptedfortelevision,wouldbeahit.(改為省略句)→Thedirectorwasfullyconvincedthatthismovingstory,if_adapted_for_television,_wouldbeahit.[解其困](1)adaptto中的to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞；意思為“適應(yīng)，適合”。(2)注意adapt與adopt在拼寫和意思上的差別。adopt是“采納；收養(yǎng)”的意思。3．fortune[明其義]n．運氣；命運；財富[通其用](1)單句語法填空①Ihadthegoodfortuneto_be_chosen(choose)forstudyingabroad.②Ifwe'refortunateinachievingsuccess,wewillbefilledwithexcitementandjoy.③Fortunately(fortune),Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgewasclosed.(2)補全句子④InChina,childrenaregivenmoneyinaredenvelopetobring_good_fortuneintheNewYear.在中國，孩子們得到裝在紅包里的壓歲錢，以祈求在新的一年帶來好運。[解其困]fortune意為“機會；運氣”時，是不可數(shù)名詞；意為“財富，財產(chǎn)”時，是可數(shù)名詞。學(xué)案(二)詞塊、句式的活學(xué)活用——強化關(guān)鍵能力[詞塊的驗收盤點]Ⅰ.詞塊點點練——選詞填空stickout，bescepticalabout，berelatedto，throwlighton，dieout，closeto，tothepoint，cutoff，runafter，dueto1．Whatmakesuspuzzledisthatyourstatementdoesnotthrow_light_onthesubject.2.Theprojecthadtobeabandoneddue_toalackofgovernmentfunding.3.Theywrotethenoticeinbigredletterssothatitwouldstick_out.4.Asthesayinggoes,ifyourun_aftertwohares,youwillcatchneither.5．Iamrathersceptical_abouttheirchanceofwinningthoughtheyarequiteconfident.6．Ourvillageisclose_totherailwaystation,soIcanlistentothetrainforfree.7．Thecloseddoorcut_offmostofthesoundfrominside,sotheflatisfairlyfine.8．Wealthisseldomrelated_tohappiness,butthereisnohappinesswithoutmoney.9．Withtimeflying,thecustomofwearingvestsseemstobedying_out.10.Ourteacherdemandedthatwhatwewriteshouldkeepto_the_point.名師點撥“一站清”(1)dueto“因為，由于”，其他表示“因為，由于”的短語還有：becauseof,onaccountof,owingto,asaresultof,resultfrom。(2)stickout“突出，醒目”，類似用法的還有：standout“突出，杰出，站出來”；highlight“突出，強調(diào)，使顯著”。(3)runafter“追趕，追逐”，其相當于goafter“追求，追逐”。(4)tothepoint“中肯，切題”，其他關(guān)于point的短語還有：pointout指出，指明；atthispoint這時候，此時此刻；startingpoint出發(fā)點，起始點；keypoint關(guān)鍵點，要點；onthepoint即將……的時候，即將……的，在……點上；turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)折點；pointat指向，瞄準。Ⅱ.易錯對對碰——辨析比較1．existinVSexiston比較①Theworkerearnedlittlemoneyamonth,sohehadtoexist_ononlyfastnoodles.②Dozensofunexplainedmysteriesexist_in_theworld,whichkeepstheexplorerspuzzled.辨清existon“依靠……生存”；existin“存在于……”。2．stickoutVSsticktoVSstandoutVSstandby比較①Theytooknonoticeofhim,forhedidnotstand_out,_andhewasinnowayremarkable.②Imanagedtostick_tothedietandkeepoffsweetfoods.③Ifyourearsarelargeorstick_out,_pickahatthatwillcoverthem.④Iwouldn'tbreakthelawforafriend,butIwouldstand_byherifshedid.辨清stickout伸出；stickto堅持；standout突出，顯眼；standby繼續(xù)支持(尤指身處困境的人)。[句式的驗收盤點]動詞不定式的完成式：tohavedone，表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞表示的動作之前[通其用]補全句子①Iknowhimto_have_beenagoodbasketballplayerwhileincollege.我知道他在大學(xué)是一個好籃球運動員。②I'msorryto_be_keeping_the_light_onafterIlefttheroom.我很抱歉當我離開了房間后讓房間一直亮著燈了。③Thatbeggarseems_not_to_have_eatenanythingyesterday.昨天那乞丐似乎沒有吃任何東西。④Youlooklight-hearted,andnothingseemsto_have_happenedtoyou.你看起來輕松，好像什么事也沒發(fā)生。⑤Itisanhonorformeto_be_asked_to_speak_here.我很榮幸應(yīng)邀在這里講話。[解其困]動詞不定式一般有三種時態(tài)形式，即一般式、進行式和完成式。(1)一般式(to＋動詞原形)：表示與主句謂語動詞表示的動作同時(或幾乎同時)發(fā)生或在主句謂語動詞之后發(fā)生的事情。(2)進行式(tobe＋現(xiàn)在分詞)：表示主句謂語動詞表示的動作發(fā)生時，不定式動作正在進行。(3)完成式(tohave＋過去分詞)：表示在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生的事情。學(xué)案(三)高考語篇的價值發(fā)掘——提升學(xué)科素養(yǎng)2019江蘇高考·閱讀理解B篇——對接課標主題：地球與宇宙奧秘探索(一)精讀真題——拓展語言能力(語篇中黑體詞匯為主題詞匯，請注意積累并揣摩其用法)[1]Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzled①aboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.IthadbeenknownforalongtimethatYellowstonewasvolcanicinnature—that'swhataccountedfor②allitshotspringsandothersteamyfeatures.ButChristiansencouldn'tfindthe[2]Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro,whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.Thesecanformremarkably③quickly.In1943,aMexicanfarmerwassurprisedtoseesmokerisingfromasmallpartofhisland.Inoneweekhewastheconfusedownerofaconefivehundredfeethigh.Withintwoyearsithadtopped④outatalmostfourteenhundredfeetandwasmorethanhalfamileacross.AltogethertherearesometenthousandofthesevolcanoesonEarth,allbutafewhundredofthemextinct.Thereis,however,asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding.Thesearevolcanoessoexplosivethattheyburstopeninasinglebigcrack,leavingbehindavasthole,thecaldera.Yellowstoneobviouslywasofthissecondtype,butChristiansencouldn'tfindthecalderaanywhere.[3]JustatthistimeNASAdecidedtotestsomenewhigh-altitudecamerasbytakingphotographsofYellowstone.Athoughtfulofficialpassedonsomeofthecopiestotheparkauthoritiesontheassumptionthattheymightmakeaniceblow-up⑤foroneofthevisitors'centers.AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos,herealizedwhyhehadfailedtospotthecaldera:almostthewholepark—2.2millionacres—wascaldera.Theexplosionhadleftaholemorethanfortymilesacross—muchtoohugetobeseenfromanywhereatgroundlevel.AtsometimeinthepastYellowstonemusthaveblownupwithaviolencefarbeyondthescaleofanythingknowntohumans.［析微點·厚積語言基礎(chǔ)］①微積累——puzzle的派生詞puzzledadj. 迷惑不解的；困惑的puzzlingadj. 令人迷惑的puzzlen. 謎；智力游戲v. 迷惑；使困惑bepuzzledabout 對……迷惑不解②微積累——account短語小結(jié)：accountfor 解釋；導(dǎo)致onaccountof 由于；因為onnoaccount決不(位于句首句子要部分倒裝)③微積累——remark及其派生詞remarkablyadv. 非常地，出乎意料地remarkableadj. 非凡的；奇異的；顯著的remarkv．&n. 評論；談?wù)摙芪⒎e累——熟詞生義：topn．頂；頂部；頂端(熟義)adj.最高的；很好的(熟義)v．居……之首；為……之冠；高于；超過(生義)topout達到頂點；到最高點⑤微技法——詞義猜測題解題技巧：做詞義猜測題時，一定要結(jié)合上下文。上下文往往通過不同的詞匯表達間接指明畫線詞的意思。在最后一段畫線詞blow-up后面一句中出現(xiàn)了thephotos，定冠詞一般特指前面提及的事物，故photo指的就是blow-up。[理脈絡(luò)——內(nèi)化讀文規(guī)律](二)解析真題——感悟素養(yǎng)立意[考什么·怎么考——真題再做]58．WhatpuzzledChristiansenwhenhewasstudyingYellowstone?A．Itsplicatedgeographicalfeatures.B．Itsever-lastinginfluenceontourism.C．Themysterioushistoryofthepark.D．Theexactlocationofthevolcano.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore:hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano”可知，BobChristiansen對黃石國家公園的火山的準確位置感到困惑。59．Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theshapesofvolcanoes.B．Theimpactsofvolcanoes.C．Theactivitiesofvolcanoes.D．Theheightsofvolcanoes.解析：選A段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容尤其是“Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro”和“asecondlessknowntypeofvolcanothatdoesn'tinvolvemountainbuilding...avasthole”可知，該段主要講兩類火山的形態(tài)。60．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blow-up”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymean?A．Hot-airballoon. B．Digitalcamera.C．Bigphotograph. D．Bird'sview.解析：選C詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“NASAdecidedto...bytakingphotographsofYellowstone”和該段第三句的“AssoonasChristiansensawthephotos...wascaldera.”可知，NASA拍攝了黃石國家公園的照片，Christiansen在照片上看到公園的全景。由此可推知，blow-up意為“放大的照片”。[為什么考·有何價值——導(dǎo)向解讀]一、發(fā)展思維品質(zhì)文中第59題考查學(xué)生的系統(tǒng)性思維。第二段主要介紹了兩種火山的形成過程，一種是形成圓錐體形狀的火山，富士山和乞力馬扎羅山就是其典型代表；另外一種是通過爆裂巖漿而形成巨大裂口的火山，而黃石國家公園就是這一種，所以第二段主要講述了火山的形態(tài)。選項C和D雖然都有提到，但不是主要內(nèi)容，屬于以偏概全。只有A項涵蓋性強，覆蓋了全段內(nèi)容。解答此題，學(xué)生要學(xué)會系統(tǒng)思考問題，不能“只見樹木不見森林”。二、聚焦核心價值本文是一篇說明文。文章是對黃石國家公園的相關(guān)探索。本篇旨在提升學(xué)生對自然遺產(chǎn)的認知，愛護大自然，保護自然環(huán)境，自覺地保護千百年來人類創(chuàng)造的文明成果和億萬年來大自然創(chuàng)造的美妙景觀，追求人與自然的共處并榮、文化與環(huán)境的和諧一致?，F(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展大大增強了人類改造自然和利用自然的能力，但是人類對自然的認識還是相當有限的，在自然科學(xué)各個領(lǐng)域仍然有不少問題需要人們?nèi)ヌ剿?。只有不斷深化和拓展對自然的認識，發(fā)現(xiàn)和掌握客觀規(guī)律，用于指導(dǎo)實踐，才能正確處理人與自然的關(guān)系，為實現(xiàn)人與自然和諧相處創(chuàng)造有利條件。(三)借力真題——發(fā)掘?qū)W習(xí)能力Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Thesefeatures(feature)aredesignedtoaidinexperiencedusers.2．Exceptfortheremarkably(remarkable)tidykitchen，theplaceisamess.3．Manyspeciesofplantsandanimalsareindangerof_extinction_(extinct),soit'shightimethatweshouldtakeactiontoprotectthem.4．Trainscurrentlyinusetopoutatabout167milesperhour.5．Thestormwassoviolent_(violence)thatwehadtocanceloursportsmeeting.Ⅱ.補全句子1．Thepolicewere_puzzled_about(對……感到困惑)howtheaccidentcouldhavehappenedinsuchaway.2．Howdoyouaccount_for(解釋)thefactthatunemploymentisstillrising?3．Fromwhatyousaid,hemust_have_told_you(一定是告訴了你)allaboutit.Ⅲ.分析長難句1．Inthe1960s,whilestudyingthevolcanichistoryofYellowstoneNationalPark,BobChristiansenbecamepuzzledaboutsomethingthat,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore：hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個含有一個時間狀語從句和一個定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語是BobChristiansen;became是系動詞。whilestudying...是時間狀語從句的省略形式；that,oddly,hadnottroubledanyonebefore是定語從句，修飾先行詞something;hecouldn'tfindthepark'svolcano作something的同位語。[句意翻譯]20世紀60年代，Bob_Christiansen在研究黃石國家公園的火山歷史時，奇怪的是，他對一件以前竟然從未困擾過任何人的事情感到困惑：他找不到公園的火山。2．Mostofus,whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes,thinkoftheclassiccone(圓錐體)shapesofaFujiorKilimanjaro，whicharecreatedwheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup.[句式解構(gòu)]本句是一個含有兩個狀語從句和一個定語從句的主從復(fù)合句。主句的主語是mostofus，謂語是think_of。whenwetalkaboutvolcanoes與wheneruptingmagma(巖漿)pilesup為時間狀語從句；whicharecreated為定語從句，修飾先行詞theclassiccone(圓錐體)shapes。[句意翻譯]當談到火山時，我們大多數(shù)人都會想到的是富士山或乞力馬扎羅山這樣經(jīng)典的圓錐體形狀，這是由噴發(fā)的巖漿堆積產(chǎn)成的。Ⅳ.主題語境寫作如今越來越多的外國游客來中國，他們尤其喜歡中國的一些有著文化底蘊的自然風(fēng)光，請你給即將到中國旅游的外國游客們推薦一處自然景觀。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。參考范文：ThetopattractionthatIremendtotheforeignfriendsisMountainTai.LocatedinthemiddleofShandongProvince,MountainTairanksthefirstofthe“Five課下主題訓(xùn)練地球與宇宙奧秘探索Ⅰ.閱讀理解AVeniceisbuilton118smallislandsinthemiddleoftheVenetianLagoonoftheAdriaticSeainNorthernItaly.Thebeautifulcityexperienceswatersurges(洶涌)fromtherisingtidesatleastfourtimesayear,usuallyduringwinter.However,the1.87-metertidethatsweptthroughthecityonNovember12,2019,wasoneofthehighesteverexperienced,secondonlytothe1.94-meterwavethatfloodedVenicein1966.Tomakemattersworse,itwasfollowedbytwowatersurges,bothtopping1.5metersonNovember15and17.Therapidseriesofhightidescoveredover80percentofthecityofcanals,causingwidespreaddestructiontomuseums,homesandbusinesses.Thoughdifficult,itisalwaysimportanttofindahopeinsuchevents.InVenice,ithaseintheformofthe“AngelsoftheSalt”—hundredsofyoungvolunteerswhocametothecity.TheyoungpeoplefromalloverItalywerealerted(提醒注意)tothesituationbyVeniceCalls,anorganizationconsistingof35youngstudents.Itsspokesperson,PieroRisica,toldCNN,“WhenwesawthehistoricfloodingonTuesdaynight,November12,weimmediatelystartedtogathervolunteerstohelpthecity.Thefirstdaywewere200,yesterday550,andtodaymorethan1,700.”Besideshelpingremovethefloodwatersfromneighbourhoods,thevolunteerswerealsoremovingthegarbageonthestreet.SomevolunteerscametoVenice'sMusicConservatory,whichsufferedwaterdamage.BecauseoftheworkofvolunteerslikeMaria,whohadbeencarefullyusingpapertowel(紙巾)toabsorbwaterfromhistoricmanuscripts(手稿)thatwerewetwithsaltwater,manyhistoricmanuscriptsintheMusicConservatorywererescued.What'supsettingVenetiansisthatthedisastercouldhavebeenavoidediftheMoveableBarrierSystemhadbeeninplace.Thisprojecttoplacemoveablefloodgatesthatwouldpreventthehightideshasbeenunderconstructionsince2003,andhasalreadycostD|S5billion.However,duetothecostoverruns,andoppositionfromsomepeopleconcernedabouttheproject'simpactontheweakcanalecosystem,itisnowhereclosetopletion.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。威尼斯遭遇了潮水入侵，對該城市造成了很大破壞。1．WhatmakesVenicestruggleaccordingtothetext?A．Thelocationofthecity.B．Thelackofenoughcitycanals.C．Theunpredictableweatherinwinter.D．Thedestructionofseasonalwatersurges.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thebeautifulcity...duringwinter.”和第二段中的“causingwidespreaddestructiontomuseums,homesandbusinesses”可知答案。2．WhatcanbeinferredfromPieroRisica'swords?A．VeniceCallscanpredicttheflooding.B．VeniceCallsisactiveinfightingdisasters.C．VolunteersinVenicearebraveandrespectful.D．VolunteersinVeniceareshockedbythedisaster.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“VeniceCalls...weimmediatelystartedtogathervolunteerstohelpthecity”可知，在應(yīng)對災(zāi)難面前，VeniceCalls工作很積極。3．WhatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinParagraph4?A．Whatvolunteersdidtohelpthecity.B．Howvolunteerssavedthehistoricmanuscripts.C．WhywatersurgeswerehighlydestructiveinVenice.D．WhatdamagewatersurgescausedtoVenice'sMusicConservatory.解析：選A段落大意題。第四段主要講述了水災(zāi)發(fā)生后志愿者所做的工作。4．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheMoveableBarrierSystem?A．Critical. B．Regretful.C．Confused. D．Doubtful.解析：選B觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“thedisastercouldhavebeenavoidediftheMoveableBarrierSystemhadbeeninplace”可知，作者對MoveableBarrierSystem沒有投入使用感到惋惜。BWithoutbreaksofinfectious(感染性的)diseasesmakingheadlinesaroundtheworld,scientistsareunderpressuretounderstandthedriversthatinfluencethetransmissionofpathogens(病菌的傳播)inordertobetterpredictandcontroldiseaseoutbreaks.InthewildsofBotswana,apathogencalledM.mungihasadifferentwayofinfectingthebandedmongoose(asmallfurryanimalthatkillssnakesandrats).Thepathogenspreadsfromanimaltoanimalthroughscent(氣味)marks.“Scentmarksaredepositedintotheenvironmentandcontainsmellsignalsthatconveyinformationfromonemongoosetoanother，”explainedKathleenAlexander,awildlifebiologist,wholedthenewstudy.Toconducttheirexperiment,AlexanderandCaroleAnneNicholsmonitoredthemovementsandmunicationofabout500bandedmongoosesinprotectedparklandscapes,urbanenvironments,andotherplaceswithvaryingcharacteristicsinBotswana.Inthisway,researcherswereabletogaininsightintothemannerinwhichlandtypeandanimalbehaviorinteracttoinfluencethespreadofthepathogen.Theresultwasaprehensivedatasetofmongoosebehavioralinteractionsacrossarangeoflandscapetypes.Inhigh-traffic,predator-rich(食肉動物多的)environments,suchasurbancentersornationalparks,themongoosesstayedconstantlyalerted(警覺的),devotingtheirenergytoscanningthesurroundingenvironmentandpreparingthemselvesforescaping.Thissuperawarenesslikelykeptthemsafefromdanger,butitalsogreatlycurtailedtheircontactwithothers,reducingthepossibilitythatM.mungiwouldspread.“Ifyou'rerunningfromapredator,you'renotstoppingtoleaveamessageforotheranimals，”Nicholssays.“You'rerunningforyourlife.”Buttheoppositewastrueattourismcabins,wherepredatorsarescarceandfood,whichisoftenleftbyhumanhands,iseasytofind.Here,themongoosesspentagoodamountoftimemarkingscent,creatingalotofopportunitiesforthepathogentospread.PreviousstudiesbyAlexanderhavepulledbackthemaskonhowanimalbehaviorshapesthespreadofdisease.Thesenewfindings,however,addanotherlayerofdifferencetothespreadofdisease,stressingtheroleofenvironments.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于縞獴(bandedmongoose)的研究揭示了環(huán)境會影響傳染病的傳播。5．What'sthepurposeofmarkingscentbybandedmongooses?A．Totrackdownsnakesandrats.B．Tobetteradapttotheenvironment.C．Toshareinformationwitheachother.D．Toprotectthemselvesfrompathogens.解析：選C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Scentmarks...conveyinformationfromonemongoosetoanother.”可知，縞獴之間利用氣味相互交流。6．WhatdidAlexanderandNicholsdoduringtheexperiment?A．Analyzedthespreadingwayofthepathogen.B．Markedthecharacteristicsofdifferentlandtypes.C．Collectedpreviousdataaboutbandedmongooses'behavior.D．Observedbandedmongooseacrossarangeofenvironments.解析：選D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“...monitoredthemovements...andotherplaceswithvaryingcharacteristicsinBotswana.”可知，Alexander和Nichols在不同環(huán)境下觀察縞獴的行為。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“curtailed”inParagraph4mean?A．Decreased. B．Explained.C．Replaced. D．Repeated.解析：選A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段畫線單詞后的“...you'renotstoppingtoleaveamessageforotheranimals”可知，這種狀況會“減少”縞獴之間的接觸。8．What'sthefindingofAlexanderandNichols'snewresearch?A．Predatorscanspeedupthespreadofdiseases.B．Environmentscaninfluencethesp