山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院《211翻譯碩士英語》專業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

2011年山東師范大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語考研真題及詳解Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammaticalStructure(30points)SectionADirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Eachsentenceinthissectionhasawordorphraseunderlined.Thereare4wordsorphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosetheonewhichwouldbestkeepthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifitweresubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.1.Wewereallscaredwhenweheardsomeweirdshrieksintheforest.A.strangeB.agonizingC.wildD.sad【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：我們在森林里聽到一些奇怪的尖叫聲時都很害怕。weird怪異的。agonizing痛苦難忍的。2.Thewordingofthetreatyisloose,ifnotevasive.A.impertinentB.misleadingC.redundantD.obscure【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果不是為了推脫的話，這個條約的措辭很不精確。evasive逃避的；托辭的。misleading誤導(dǎo)性的。impertinent不恰當(dāng)?shù)?；無禮的。redundant多余的，過剩的。3.ForthehomelesschildrenstayingatRafaelHouseinSanFrancisco,schooldaysbeginwithprayersandthepledgeofallegiance.A.sympathyB.loyaltyC.hostilityD.revenge【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：對于住在舊金山拉菲爾大廈(RafaelHouse)無家可歸的孩子來說，上學(xué)的日子以祈禱和效忠宣誓開始。allegiance效忠，忠誠。hostility敵意。revenge報復(fù)。4.Itwasinappropriateforyoutomocktheman’smisshapenbodyandfailinglimbs.A.touchB.resentC.protectD.ridicule【答案】D查看答案【解析】mock嘲弄。ridicule嘲笑；嘲弄。resent怨恨。5.Itisobviousthatthetrendtowardsmallerfamilieswillcontinueunabated.A.unparalleledB.unchallengedC.atfullstrengthD.ataslowspeed【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：很明顯，小型家庭的趨勢將持續(xù)下去。unabated不減弱的。unparalleled無比的；無雙的。6.Thegeneralelectioncampaignwillbeunderconstantinternationalscrutiny.A.investigationB.examinationC.promotionD.administration【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：大選將受到國際社會的密切監(jiān)督。scrutiny詳細(xì)審查；監(jiān)視。7.Johnwentoutofhisofficeinordertocalmtheturmoilwithinhim.A.passionB.emotionC.differenceD.disturbance【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：約翰走出辦公室，以平息內(nèi)心的騷動。turmoil混亂，騷動。disturbance干擾；騷亂。8.Relationsbetweenthemwouldbemuchmoreharmoniousifonlytherewerealittlemoregiveandtake.A.sufficientcontributionsB.mutualconcessionsC.friendlyconversionsD.frequentconsultations【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果他們倆能互相遷就，他們之間的關(guān)系會更加和諧。giveandtake平等交換；互相遷就。mutualconcessions相互讓步。9.Shekeptaskingmetogoshoppingwithher.Intheend,itgotonmynerves.A.annoyedmeB.distractedmeC.impressedmeD.convincedme【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：她一直讓我和她一起去購物，最后我感到很煩。getonone’snerves惹人煩。10.Hesatinthecenteroftheroomwiththecommunicationssystemandancillaryequipment.A.audibleB.auxiliaryC.authenticD.auspicious【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他坐在有通訊系統(tǒng)和輔助設(shè)備房間的中央。ancillary輔助的。auxiliary輔助的。audible聽得見的。authentic真正的，真實(shí)的。auspicious吉兆的。11.Mr.Robinsonoftenpridedhimselfonthefactthathealwayscalledaspadeaspade.A.completedhisdutiesB.workeddiligentlyC.pokefranklyD.kepthisword【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：羅賓遜先生經(jīng)常以自己直言不諱的性格為豪。callaspadeaspade直言不諱。12.Mary’sparentstaughtheralwaystobebenevolent.A.hardworkingB.kindheartedC.honestD.brave【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：瑪麗的父母教導(dǎo)她要仁慈。benevolent仁慈的，善心的。kindhearted仁慈的，好心腸的。13.Shewenttothecountrytorecuperateafterherlongillness.A.conveneB.converseC.convergeD.convalesce【答案】D查看答案【解析】recuperate復(fù)原；休養(yǎng)。convalesce恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)。convene召集。converse談話，交談。converge聚集；靠攏。14.Allthestaffmembersofthedevelopmentmadezealouseffortstocleanupthehallfortheirparty.A.giganticB.concertedC.enthusiasticD.dedicated【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：所有的工作人員都積極地為他們的聚會打掃大廳。zealous熱心的，熱情的。gigantic巨大的。concerted協(xié)調(diào)的。dedicated專注的；獻(xiàn)身的。15.TheChancellorignoredthefactthathewasthecenterofcriticismandstucktohisreforms.A.dischargedB.disregardedC.disguisedD.disposed【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：總理不顧自己成為批評的焦點(diǎn)而堅持自己的改革。disregard忽視；不理。discharge解雇；卸下。disguise掩飾；假裝。dispose處理；處置。SectionBDirections:Thereare15sentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Choosethebestonethatcompletesthesentence.16._____tothequestionofrefreshments,Ishouldthinklemonadeandsandwicheswillbeenough.A.PriorB.AsC.DueD.According【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：至于茶點(diǎn)而言，我認(rèn)為檸檬水和三明治就足夠了。asto至于；就……而論。priorto在……之前。17.Itwasrecommendedthatthepharmaceuticalcompany_____permissiontosellthemedicineforroutineuse.A.tobegiveB.isgivenC.istobegivenD.begiven【答案】D查看答案【解析】Itwasrecommendedthat后應(yīng)該接shoulddo，should可省略。thepharmaceuticalcompany與give之間是被動關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)該用被動語態(tài)。18.I’mworried.Theywere_____beforenightfall.A.toarriveB.arrivingC.tohavearrivedD.tobearriving【答案】A查看答案【解析】betodosth.在這里表示將來按計劃或安排要做的事。19.Ifyoufeellike_____awalkaftersuper,I’dliketogowithyou.A.totakeB.takingC.forD.andtake【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：如果你想在晚飯后散步，我想和你一起去。feellikedoing想做……。20.ItwasatMary’shome_____wemetforthefirsttime.A.whenB.whichC.thereD.that【答案】D查看答案【解析】本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其形式為Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who)+句子其他部分。21.ItistruethatBobsplanisinferior_____Jacksinmanyrespects.A.thanB.toC.byD.with【答案】B查看答案【解析】beinferiorto劣于，次于。這個詞組本身就有比較的含義，不需要再接than。22.Iwantedtobuyanewcomputerthisyear,butmybrotherrejectedtheidea_____atriptothebeach.A.infavorofB.insteadofC.inviewofD.incaseof【答案】A查看答案【解析】“reject...infavorof...”的意思為“反對……而贊成……”。inviewof鑒于；考慮到。incaseof萬一；如果發(fā)生。23.ThemomentI_____myworkreport,wewillgoandplaygolf.A.wouldfinishB.shallfinishC.finishedD.finish【答案】D查看答案【解析】themoment在引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。24.Thecompoundscouldnothavebeenformedifthechemicalreaction_____stopped.A.havebeenB.wasC.hadbeenD.were【答案】C查看答案【解析】這句話是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句，從句為過去完成時，主句為would(should,could,might)+havedone。25.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,_____isoftenthecaseinothercountries.A.asB.thatC.soD.it【答案】A查看答案【解析】asisoftenthecase為固定搭配，意思是“情況常常如此；這是常有的事”。26.Greatlyagitated,Irushedtotheapartmentandtriedthedoor,_____tofinditlocked.A.justB.thusC.henceD.only【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：我感到很不安，匆忙趕回到公寓，試了下門，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)鎖上了。onlytodo為不定式表示結(jié)果，通常是不好的結(jié)果。27.Comewhat_____,we’renotgoingtomakeanyconcessionstohisunreasonabledemands.A.mustB.mayC.couldD.would【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：無論怎樣，我們都不會對他的無理要求做出任何讓步。comewhatmay為固定短語，意思是“無論怎樣，不管怎樣”。28._____fullpreparations,wedecidedtoputoffthemeetingtillnextmonth.A.WedidnotmakeB.HavingnotmadeC.WehadnotmadeD.Nothavingmade【答案】D查看答案【解析】這句話中前半句和后半句的主語都是we，所以動詞應(yīng)該用主動形式。由于做準(zhǔn)備發(fā)生在開會之前，所以用完成時。29.Scarcely_____himselfinhisseatsinthetheaterwhenthecurtainwentup.A.hashesettledB.didhesettleC.hadhesettledD.wouldhesettle【答案】C查看答案【解析】scarcely為否定意義的詞，放于句首時應(yīng)該倒裝。由于“settleinhisseat”這個動作發(fā)生在“wentup”之前，因此應(yīng)該用過去完成時。30.Iwilldomybesttogetthebookforyou_____Icouldrememberwhoborrowedit.A.exceptthatB.ifonlyC.onconditionthatD.consideringwhether【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果我記得誰借了這本書，我會盡最大的努力幫你拿到。onconditionthat倘若，如果。ifonly要是……多好。Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension:(40points)SectionADirections:Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.TextALastyear,whenPresidentGeorgeW.Bushannouncedthatfederalfundscouldbeusedtosupportresearchonhumanembryonicstemcells,hemandatedthatonlythosecelllinesthatexistedatthetimewouldqualifyforsuchsupport.Morethanayearlaterit’sbecomingincreasinglyclearthattheseexistingcelllinesareinadequate.Unlessmorearecreated,theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostintermsofhumansuffering.Sincethisannouncement,theU.SNationalInstitutesofHealthhastriedtostimulateresearchontheexistingcelllineswithnewfundingandeffortstostreamlinetheinitiallycumbersomeprocessofobtainingapprovedcells.However,whetherthereare60celllines,asoriginallystated,ornine,asnowappeartobeavailabletoNIH-fundedinvestigators,thenumberisnotadequate.Giventhegeneticdiversitywithinthepopulation,scientistsneedaccesstonewcelllinesiftheyaretocomeupwiththemosteffectivecelltherapies.Theissueispartlyoneofsafety.Inconductingresearchwithhumanparticipants,wemustminimizerisks.Themosteffectivecelllinemightnotbethesafest.Whendevelopinganewmedicine,alargenumberofmoleculesmustbescreenedtofindabalancebetweeneffectivenessandsafety.Thesameistruewithcells:Inthecontextofcelltherapy,itwillbeimportanttominimizeunwantedimmunereactionsandinflammation.Thisrequiresselectionfromalargenumberofcelllinestoobtainthebestmatch.It’sclearfromexperimentswithanimalsthatstem-celltherapiescanreducehumansuffering.Parkinsonianmicehavebeencuredwithembryonicstemcellsthatwereprogrammedtobecomedopamine-secreting,replacementnervecells.Soon,cellsinducedtomakeinsulinintissuecultureswillbeusedinattemptstotreatdiabeticmice.Similarsuccesseshavebeenachievedinanimalmodelsofspinalcordinjury,heartfailureandotherdegenerativedisorders.Weareatafrontierinmedicinewheretissueswillberestoredinwaysthatwerenotimaginablejustafewyearsago.Theethicalissuesraisedbyhuman-embryoresearchareprofound.Thehumancostsofrestrictingthisresearchmustbetakenintoaccountaswell.Thecostindollarsofdelayingnewstem-cellresearchisdifficulttoestimate.Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividualswhomustleaveworktocareforvictimsofdegenerativedisorders.Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopmentinbiomedicalscience.Ouruniversitiesandteachinghospitalsareunparalleled.Weattracttheverybeststudents,scientistsandphysiciansfromaroundtheworld.Buttheseinstitutionsarefragile.Researchandeducationplaykeyrolesinattractingthebestphysicians.Acrippledresearchenterprisemightaddanunbearablestresswithlong-lastingeffectsontheentiresystem.Ifrevolutionarynewtherapiesaredelayedoroutlawed,wecouldbesetbackforyears,ifnotdecades.Tosteerclearofcontroversy,someinvestigatorswillredirecttheirresearch.Otherswillemigratetocountrieswheresuchresearchisallowedandencouraged.Somewilldropoutentirely.Thepallcastoverthesciencecommunitycouldextendfarbeyondstem-cellresearch.Manytherapieshaveemergedfromcollaborationbetweengovernment-sponsoredresearchersandprivateenterprise.Fewofthesediscoverieswouldhaveemergedii,forinstance,recombinantDNAresearchhadbeenoutlawed30yearsago.Wefacethesametypeofdecisiontodaywithlimitsplacedonhumanembryonicstemcells.Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquirywithcompletesharingofmethodsandresults,thefieldwillbelefttolessrigorousfringegroupshereandabroad.Patientsandsocietywillsuffer.31.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph1thattheauthor_____.A.isinfavorofstem-cellresearchB.welcomestheresearchslowdownC.takesaneutralstandontheresearchD.thinksitessentialtospeeduptheresearch32.Theword“streamline”inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans______.A.strengthenB.simplifyC.ascertainD.subvert33.AllofthefollowingaretheconsequencesoftheresearchslowdownEXCEPT______.A.thenegativeimpactontechnicaladvancementB.thedetrimenttothecultureofinquiryC.thelossofone’sproductivityD.thecollapseofAmericandreams34.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheresearchisTRUE?A.Someresearchersaredubiousofthefeasibilityoftheresearch.B.Privateenterprisedoesn’tshowtheinterestintheresearch.C.Thereshouldbeabalancebetweencautionandaudacity.D.Manyresearchershavegivenuptheirresearch.35.Themostsuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.A.TheCellLinesB.TheStem-cellResearchC.TheDangersofDelayD.CostsonAmericanPatients【答案與解析】31.A 作者在第一段最后一句說到“Unlessmorearecreated，theresearchslowdownmayexactastaggeringcostin termsofhumansuffering”，即如果找不到更多的細(xì)胞株，研究就會停下來，這將使人類遭受巨大的損失。由此可見，作者是支持干細(xì)胞研究的。32.B 第二段第一句的意思為，自從布什政府宣布可用聯(lián)邦基金支持干細(xì)胞研究后，美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院就努力投入新資金來推動現(xiàn)有細(xì)胞系的研究并努力來streamline原先獲取細(xì)胞的繁瑣過程。既然原來的過程是很繁瑣的，那需要做的就是簡化這一過程。33.D 由第四段最后一句“Itmightmeasureinthehundredsofbillionsofdollars,especiallyifoneaddsthelostproductivityofindividuals”可知C是后果之一。第五段首句提到“Alessobvious,butreal,costisthedamagetothefabricofAmerica’sextraordinarycultureofinquiryandtechnicaldevelopment...”，因此A和B也符合文意。只有D未提及，故為答案。34.C 最后一段最后三句提到“Safeguardswillbenecessary.Butifwedonotproceedembracingthevaluesofobjective,open,inquiry...Patientsandsocietywillsuffer”，即有必要采取預(yù)防措施，但是如果人們只重視安全問題，不繼續(xù)探索……那么病人和社會就要遭受痛苦。由此可見，干細(xì)胞研究既要謹(jǐn)慎也要有冒險精神。35.C 第一段最后一句作者就表明觀點(diǎn)：如果找不到更多的細(xì)胞株，研究就會停下來，這將使人類遭受極大的痛苦。第四段首句表明動物實(shí)驗(yàn)證明干細(xì)胞療法能減輕人類的病痛。第四段和第五段提到了干細(xì)胞研究停滯會帶來的后果，因此這項(xiàng)研究不能拖延。TextBJudgingfromtalesabouttheriseandfallofempires,thereisalwaysapointwhenthingsaregoingsowellthattheemperorsdoubtthatanythingcouldevergowrong.“Thrift,”warnedNero’sadviserSeneca,“comestoolatewhenyoufinditatthebottomofyourpurse.”IntheOldWorld,nationsgrewfatandthenlazy,untiltheycollapsedundertheirownweight.Butthatwasnottobeourstory.Americangreatness—thevisionofthefounders,thecourageofthepioneers,theindustryofthenationbuilders—reflectedamightyfaithinthepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmadeyoungnationsstrong.Bankswerelikegymsforthesoul:thefirstsavingsbanksinBostonandNewYorkwereorganizedascharities,where“bumblejourneymen”couldexercisegoodjudgment,storetheirmoneyandnotbetemptedtowasteitondrink.ArchitectLouisSullivancarvedthewordTHRIFToverthedoorofhis“jewelbox”banknearlyacenturyago,foritwasprivatevirtuethatmadepublicprosperitypossible.Thatvirtuediedwiththebabyboom,butithadbeenailingeversincetheDepression,arguesculturalhistorianDavidTuckerintheDeclineofThriftinAmerica.Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomiststorecastthriftas“thecontemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofourconsumereconomy.”AWhiteHousereportin1931urgedparentstoletchildrenpickouttheirownclothesandfurniture,therebycreatinginthechild“asenseofpersonalaswellasfamilyprideinownership,andeventuallyteachinghimthathispersonalitycanbeexpressedthroughthings.”Somewherealongtheway,thriftdidnotjuststopbeingavalue;itbecameafolly.Savingwasforsuckers;you’dmisstheride,dieleavingmoneyonthetablewhenyoucouldhaveliveditup.Therearenopocketsinashroud,asthesayinggoes.Weoncesavedabout15%ofourincome.Bytheroaring80stheratewas4%;nowwe’reinnegativenumbers.BobHopelikedtojokethat“abankisaplacethatwilllendyoumoneyifyoucanprovethatyoudon’tneedit.”Butthattoochangedaseasycreditbloomedandusurybecameanotherofthosevicesthathadsomehowlostitsjuice.TheaverageAmericanhasninecreditcardswithatotal$17,000balance.Weborrowagainstourhousesandpensionstoliveinawaythatdaresustoactuallygrowold.“Neverinvestinanyideayoucan’tillustratewithacrayon.”FidelitymastermindPeterLynchadvised,butweembracedallkindsofinvestmentsaboutwhichweunderstoodnothingexceptthehollowpromisethattheywouldneverfail.Whentheeconomybegantoswoonwekeptspending,effectivelysendingourselvesrebatechecksfromaccountsalreadywayoverdrawn,asifitwouldmakeusfeelbettertobuyanewTVandchargeittoourkids.GeorgeW.Bushhasneverbeenreluctanttoframe.Policydebatesinmoralterms,targetingan“axisofevil”,castingtaxcutsastheremovalofunfairburdensonhardworkingpeople,callingtariffreductionamoralimperative.Butthriftisonevirtueheneverinvokes,andarestorationofrestraintisastrainofconservatismheseldompromotes.Infact,itwasafterthemosttragicdayinmodernU.S.history,whenBushurgedpeoplewhowantedtohelptogoshopping,thatprofligacyofficiallyreplacedprudenceasapatrioticduty.There’snowaytotellduringthiscurrentdistresswhetherwe’rerepentingorjustretrenching.Thriftstoresalesareup.Catsareshrinking.P.Diddyretiredhisprivatejettosaveongas.Inhardtimes,peopleoftenrediscoverthepeacethatprudencebrings,whenyoutrytospendalittlelessthanyouhavebecausetomorrowmightbeworse.Butthatfeelsalmostun-American;we’reoptimistsbynature,andwe’vebeenlivinglargeforsolongthatsolvencyfeelslikeasacrifice.Itwilltakesomesustainedcharactereducation—andleadership—tounderstandthatmorninginAmericaismorelikelytocomeagainifweprepareformidnight.36.WhatcontributedtotheboomingofAmericaninitsearlydaysaccordingtotheauthor?A.Frugality.B.Banking.C.Courage.D.Charity.37.ThrifthadbeendeclininginAmericasincetheDepression,because_____.A.Americasawababyboom.B.thecountryhadbeenstrongerandmoreprosperous.C.economistsbelieveditcouldobstructeconomicdevelopment.D.banksencouragedpeopletospend.38.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisCORRECT?A.SomeAmericanssavebecausetheywanttoenjoythemselves.B.Americanstendtobeindebtbecauseofoverspending.C.PresidentBushoftenputsemphasisonmoral.D.ThriftisbelievedasanactofpatriotisminAmerica.39.Theauthorislikelytoagreethat_____.A.thriftshouldbeblamedfortheDepression.B.childrenshoulddevelopasenseofownership.C.peopleshouldbecarefulinspending.D.itisnotwisetomakeinvestment.40.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tocriticizebanksthatnowindulgepeopletospendinsensibly.B.ToanalyzecausesofAmericaneconomiccrisis.C.Toraisepeople’sconsciousnessofprudentspending.D.TocallforAmericanleaderstolearnfromnationbuilders.【答案與解析】36.A 第一段第五句提到“thepowerofsacrificeasamusclethatmadeyoungnationsstrong”即犧牲是使美國變得強(qiáng)大的力量。根據(jù)后面說到“Bankswerelike...andnottobetemptedtowasteitondrink”和“ArchitectLouisSullivan...thatmadepublicprosperitypossible”，因此，我們可以判斷出“犧牲”在這里指的是“節(jié)儉”，故答案為A。37.C 第二段第二句提到“Thatcrisis,hewrites,invitedeconomicstorecastthriftas‘thecontemptiblevicewhichthrewsandinthegearsofourconsumereconomy’”即那場經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)使經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們重塑節(jié)儉，將其定義為‘在我們的消費(fèi)經(jīng)濟(jì)齒輪上撒沙的可鄙惡習(xí)’。由此可見，這些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家認(rèn)為節(jié)儉阻礙了經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展，是經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條以來節(jié)儉開始衰落的原因，故答案為C。38.B 由第三段可以看出，美國人確實(shí)希望享受生活，但他們認(rèn)為享受生活的方式是liveitup，即過豪華奢侈的生活，因此排除A項(xiàng)；第四段的首句大意為布什喜歡在政治辯論中使用道德術(shù)語，而并不是他重視道德，排除C；第四段說明揮霍被普遍認(rèn)為是一種愛國行動，而不是節(jié)儉，排除D；從第四段的第四、五句中我們可知，美國人通常的消費(fèi)方式是支出大于收入，他們甚至認(rèn)為不負(fù)債就是一種節(jié)儉。由此可見，美國人通常都是負(fù)債的，答案為B。39.C 第二段開始提到經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條后人們的節(jié)儉意識下降，而沒有說節(jié)儉導(dǎo)致了經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，排除A；第三段作者提到了對投資的態(tài)度，即不要“investmentsaboutwhichweunderstoodnothing”，而不是不要進(jìn)行投資，因此排除D；第三段中作者對過度的、不理性的消費(fèi)進(jìn)行了批評，可見他會贊成謹(jǐn)慎的消費(fèi)，故答案為C。40.C A在文中有涉及但不是整個文章的主旨；文中只提到了經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，并沒有分析其原因，故B排除；D項(xiàng)太寬泛，文章開頭就指出歷史上帝國的興衰沉浮證明了“興于儉，衰于奢”。最后一段作者明確提出在經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)時節(jié)儉的必要性，故答案為C。TextCJohnJuliusNorwichistheauthorofmorethanadozenbooksonNormanSicily,theSahara,MountAthosandtheVenetianandByzantineempires.Yetevenhisimmenseknowledgeisnotenoughtokeephislatestchronicleof5,000yearsofMediterraneanhistoryappearingsomewhatlopsided.LordNorwich’sfirsttest,henotesinhisintroductiontoTheMiddleSea,wastocompensateforanignoranceofSpain.Herecordsthathewasfortuitouslyinvitedtodinnerby“mydearfriend”theSpanishambassadortoLondonand“afewweekslatertherecameaninvitationfornaywifeandmetospendtendaysinSpain.”Itishardtobelievethatwasalltheefforthemade,forheacquitshimselfwell,evenintheconvoluteddiplomacythatendedinthewaroftheSpanishsuccession.LordNorwich’ssecondtaskwastostrikeabalanceovertime.TheMiddleSeareachesfromancientEgypttotheFirstWorldWar.Likemanylong,chronologicalnarratives,itbecomesprogressivelymoredetailed,thoughitisdebatablewhetherthisisagoodthing.FewpeoplehavechangedtheregionasmuchastheRomans,yettheirrepublic’sfivecenturiesgetonlyapagemorethanthegreatsiegeofGibraltarwhichbeganin1779.LordNorwich’sfinal,andarguablymostimportant,challengeistheareathatismostlikelytoengagemodernreaders:theintermittent,butfrequentlysavage,conflictbetweenMuslimsandChristians.Impatientwiththenotion,echoedmostrecentlyanddisastrouslybyPopeBenedict,thattheKoransanctionsthespreadingofIslambythesword,LordNorwichisnoIslamophobe.HeishostiletotheCrusadesandfulsomeinhispraiseofthattraditionalWesternschoolbookvillain,Saladi.YethisaccountremainsdisappointinglyfocusedfromChristendomoutwards.ItistruethatMuslimsdoappearinhisbook—usuallyinbattle—buttheyrarelyspeak.Onlytwoitemsinthe170-volumebibliographyarebyArabscholarsandonlyoneisbyaTurk.Thisisunabashedlyhistoryoftheoldschool:Eurocentric(Octavian,theauthordeclareswithoutirony,wasthe“undisputedmasteroftheknownworld”)andlargelyuninterestedinwhatothereconomic,socialandtechnologicalchangesmayhaveshapedevents.WhatfiresLordNorwichisrecountingthedoingsofprincesandpreachers,warriors,courtiersandcourtesans.Andhedoesitwithconsummateskill.Hespiceshisnonnativeliberallywithentertaininganecdotes,deftportraitsandbriskjudgments.Aristotle,forexample,isgivenshortshriftas“oneofthemostreactionaryintellectualsthateverlived”.LordNorwich’scontrolofhisvastandcomplexsubjectmatterismasterly.Andthesubjectmatteritselfisascolourfulashistorycanget.Nosoonerhavereadersbiddenfarewelltoashort,fat,dissolutesultan,SelimtheSot,thantheyencounterthe“piraticalUskoks,aheterogeneous,butexceedinglytroublesomecommunity”.Althoughfewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswillclosethismonumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyofquestionsstillunanswered.41.Accordingtotheauthor,LordNorwich’snewbookonMediterraneanhistoryis_____.A.cynicalB.comprehensiveC.partialD.equivocal42.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat_____.A.thestoryofSpainiscomparativelylessreferredtoB.theSpanishambassadorandLordNorwichareclosefriendsC.thechaptersofthebookareofthesamelengthD.today’sreadersarefedupwithseeingconflicts43.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTaboutTheMiddleSea?A.ThereshouldbemorepagesabouttheRomans.B.LordNorwichwritesquitewellforthepartofSpain.C.LordNorwichholdsanegativeattitudetotheCrusades.D.NorwichagreeswithPopeBenedictonthespreadingofIslam.44.Accordingtothetext,LordNorwichisprobably_____.A.anegocentricmanB.aconservativeC.amodestscholarDanobleman45.TheauthorsoverallcommentonLordNorwich’sbookisoneof_____.A.disapprovalB.impartialityC.ambiguityD.extolment【答案與解析】41.C 根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Yetevenhisimmense...somewhatlopsided”可知，作者認(rèn)為他盡管知識淵博，但他最近一部記述地中海沿岸5000年歷史的編年體著作仍免不了有失偏頗。這里的lopsided與partial同義，故C為正確選項(xiàng)。42.A 由第二段第一句可知，LordNorwich在TheMiddleSea這本書的引言中表明其寫作是對之前忽視西班牙歷史的一種補(bǔ)償。由此可以推斷出在過去的歷史著作中西班牙歷史經(jīng)常不被人提及，A項(xiàng)符合題意。43.D 第四段第二句指出，有人認(rèn)為，古蘭經(jīng)是允許伊斯蘭教進(jìn)行武力擴(kuò)張的，可悲的是，最近本篤教皇也附和了這一觀點(diǎn)。諾威奇對這種觀點(diǎn)很反感，他并沒有“伊斯蘭恐懼癥”。因此D項(xiàng)正確。44.B 倒數(shù)第二段指出“Thisisunabashedlyhistoryoftheoldschool”，即這是守舊派記述歷史的突出風(fēng)格，說明LordNorwich比較保守，因此B項(xiàng)正確。45.B 本文開篇指出LordNorwich的新書是lopsided（有失偏頗的）。第二段指出西班牙那部分“heacquitshimselfwell(寫得很好)”；第三段對各時期的史實(shí)等量齊觀的做法提出質(zhì)疑。最后一段進(jìn)行了總結(jié)：“Althoughfewwillresistthetemptationtokeepturningthepages,readerswillclosethismonumentalworkexhilaratedandinformed,butwithplentyofquestionsstillunanswered”。這說明作者對該書的評價非?？陀^，既指出了問題，又肯定了優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因此B項(xiàng)“不偏不倚，公正”正確。SectionBDirections:Thereisonepassageinthissection.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsthatfollowitinyourownwords.TextDFormostofus,workisthecentral,dominatingfactoflife.Wespendmorethanhalfourconscioushoursatwork,preparingforwork,travelingtoandfromwork.Whatwedotherelargelydeterminesoutstandardoflivingandtoaconsiderableextentthestatusweareaccordedbyourfellowcitizensaswell.Itissometimessaidthatbecauseleisurehasbecomemoreimportanttheindignitiesandinjusticesofworkcanbepushedintoacomer;thatbecauseworkisprettyintolerable,thepeoplewhodoitshouldcompensateforitsboredom,frustrationsandhumiliationsbyconcentratingtheirhopesontheotherpartsoftheirlives.Irejectthatasacounselofdespair.Fortheforeseeablefuturethematerialandpsychologicalrewardswhichworkcanprovide,andtheconditionsinwhichworkisdone,willcontinuetoplayavitalpartindeterminingthesatisfactionthatlifecanoffer.Yetonlyasmallminoritycancontrolthepaceatwhichtheyworkortheconditionsinwhichtheirworkisdone;onlyforasmallminoritydoesworkofferscopeforcreativity,imagination,orinitiative.Inequalityatworkandinworkisstilloneofthecruelestandmostglaringformsofinequalityinoursociety.Wecannothopetosolvethemoreobviousproblemsofindustriallife,manyofwhicharisedirectlyorindirectlyfromthefrustrationscreatedbyinequalityatwork,unlesswetackleithead-on.Stilllesscanwehopetocreateadecentandhumanesociety.Themostglaringinequalityisthatbetweenmanagersandtherest.Formostmanagers,workisanopportunityandachallenge.Theirjobsengagetheirinterestandallowthemtodeveloptheirabilities.Theyareconstantlylearning,theyareabletoexerciseresponsibility,theyhaveaconsiderabledegreeofcontrolovertheirown—andothers—workinglives.Mostimportantofall,theygavetheopportunitytoinitiate.Bycontrast,formostmanualworkers,andforgrowingnumbersofwhite-collarworkers,workisaboring,monotonous,evenpainfulexercise.Theyspendalltheirworkinglivesinconditionswhichwouldberegardedasintolerable—forthemselves—bythosewhotakethedecisionswhichletsuchconditionscontinue.Themajorityhavelittlecontrolovertheirwork;itprovidesthemwithnoopportunityforpersonaldevelopment.Oftenproductionissodesignedthatworkersaresimplypartofthetechnology.Inoffices,manyjobsaresoroutinethatworkersjustifiablyfeelthemselvestobemerecogsinthebureaucraticmachine.Asadirectconsequenceoftheirworkerexperience,manyworkersfeelalienatedfromtheirworkandtheirfirm,whetheritisinpublicorinprivateownership.Risingeducationstandardsfeedrisingexpectations,yetthemountofcontrolwhichtheworkerhasoverhisownworksituationsdoesnotriseaccordingly.Inmanycaseshiscontrolhasbeenreduced.Symptomsofprotestincrease—risingsicknessandabsenteeism,highturnoverofemployees,restrictionsonoutput,andstrikes,bothunofficialandofficial.Thereisnotmuchescapeoutandupwards.Asmanagementbecomesmoreprofessional—initselfagoodthi