2025版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)課件 專(zhuān)題9 構(gòu)詞法

試題精練考點(diǎn)精講專(zhuān)題九構(gòu)詞法第2部分語(yǔ)法突破二、構(gòu)詞法考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)

合成法由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立的單詞結(jié)合在一起構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫合成法。類(lèi)別舉例合成名詞background(2015.22),basketball,classroom,laptop合成形容詞good-looking,hard-working,warm-hearted英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的構(gòu)詞法有：合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)化法。另外，縮寫(xiě)和簡(jiǎn)寫(xiě)也是構(gòu)詞法的一種。類(lèi)別舉例合成代詞everything(2014.25),herself(2015.23),himself(2017.22),nobody,nothing(2019.38,2018.22,2016.23,2015.39),something(2016.23)合成動(dòng)詞download,underline,overcome合成副詞anyway(2018.39),however,somewhere合成介詞into(2022.60),without考點(diǎn)

派生法在一個(gè)單詞的前面或后面加上一個(gè)詞綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞，這種構(gòu)詞法叫派生法。加在單詞前的詞綴叫前綴，加在單詞后的詞綴叫后綴。1.前綴(前綴一般只改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性)(1)表否定的前綴前綴意義舉例un-，dis-，im-，in-表示“不；非”unfriendly,unpleasant,uncomfortable;dishonest,dislike,disagree；impolite;incorrect,indirectmis-表示“錯(cuò)的”misunderstand,mislead(2)表程度或大小的前綴前綴意義舉例super-表示“超級(jí)”supercomputer,superhero,superstar,supermarketmini-表示“小”minibus,miniskirt(3)其他前綴前綴意義舉例inter-表示“互相；

在……之間”interview,international,Internetre-表示“重復(fù)；重新”review,retell,rewrite,return,rebuildpre-表示“在……之前”preview,prepaybi-表示“二；

雙”bicycle,bilingual(雙語(yǔ)的)tele-表示“遠(yuǎn)的”television,telescope,telephone前綴意義舉例kilo-表示“千”kilometer,kilogramen-表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”encourage,enable,enrichsub-表示“在……之下；次；副”subway,subtitleanti-表示“反對(duì)；防止”antiwar,antifreeze(防凍劑)a-表示“處于……狀態(tài)或過(guò)程”asleep,awakemid-表示“在中間”midnight,midday2.后綴(后綴多改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義)(1)名詞后綴后綴意義舉例-or,-er表示“人；從事某種職業(yè)的人”actor,director;hater(2020.50),speeder(2019.36)-ist,-ian表示“……(專(zhuān))家；從事……工作的人”artist,pianist;musician-ese表示“……國(guó)的；……國(guó)的語(yǔ)言(或人)”Chinese,Japanese后綴意義舉例-tion,-sion表示“行為；狀態(tài)”competition(2023.53),pronunciation(2021.46)，explanation(2017.40),conversation;discussion-eer表示“與……有關(guān)的人”engineer,volunteer,mountaineer-ess表示“女……；

雌……”hostess,waitress-ship表示“品質(zhì)；

性質(zhì)”friendship,relationship后綴意義舉例-ment表示“……的行為(或結(jié)果)”movement,development,agreement-th構(gòu)成抽象名詞warmth,growth,wealth,death-ity,-typossibility;difficulty,beauty-nesskindness,coldness-ance,-ence表示“動(dòng)作、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)”appearance;preference,patience,influence后綴意義舉例-hood表示“某種事物”childhood-ingbuilding,clothing,offering-age表示“行為或行為的結(jié)果、狀態(tài)”marriage,courage,usage,package-dom表示“領(lǐng)域；狀況”kingdom,wisdom,freedom(2)形容詞后綴后綴意義舉例-ful表示“有……性質(zhì)的；

充滿(mǎn)……的”helpful(2022.63),beautiful,skillful-y表示“有……特性的；充滿(mǎn)……的”funny,salty-ing表示“使……的”，常修飾物amazing,exciting,boring后綴意義舉例-ed表示“有……特征的；

以……為特征的”，常修飾人surprised(2023.55,2022.47,2020.49),interested(2018.72),worried(2022.47)，satisfied,talented-al表示“……的”traditional,personal,national-able,-ible表示“能夠……的；可……的”comfortable,unforgettable,suitable;terrible后綴意義舉例-less表示“沒(méi)有；無(wú)”homeless,hopeless-ive,-ous,

-ish表示“……性質(zhì)的；有……的；充滿(mǎn)……的”creative,expensive;delicious,dangerous；foolish,childish-en表示“由……制成或構(gòu)成的”wooden,golden-ern表示“……方向的”northern,southern,eastern,western(3)副詞后綴后綴意義舉例-ly表示“以……方式；至……程度”softly(2024.50),purposefully(2023.43),finally(2023.64),suddenly(2022.51),usually(2020.57),exactly(2019.29)-ward(s)表示“向……；朝……方向”forward(s),upward(s),backward(s)注意

friendly,lovely,lively,lonely這四個(gè)單詞雖以-ly結(jié)尾，但卻是形容詞?？键c(diǎn)

轉(zhuǎn)化法一個(gè)單詞由一種詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)換為另一種詞類(lèi)，這種構(gòu)詞法叫轉(zhuǎn)化法。單詞轉(zhuǎn)化后的意義往往與之前的意義聯(lián)系密切。常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換方法舉例名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞shown.展覽；展示→showv.表演；展出handn.手→handv.交給colorn.顏色→colorv.給……著色watern.水→waterv.澆水常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換方法舉例形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞emptyadj.空的→emptyv.使變空slowadj.慢的→slowv.放慢dryadj.干的→dryv.使……變干cleanadj.干凈的→cleanv.打掃動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞walkv.散步→walkn.散步lookv.看→lookn.相貌常見(jiàn)轉(zhuǎn)換方法舉例形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞backadj.后面的→backn.背部；后面lightadj.明亮的→lightn.燈形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞longadj.長(zhǎng)的→longadv.長(zhǎng)期地highadj.高的→highadv.高地hardadj.艱難的；困難的→hardadv.努力地

試題精練一、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。每空限填一詞。1．Everysmallactof____________(kind)canmakeabigdifferencetotheworld.2．Theflowersinyourroomareshortof_________(water).Canyouspendsometime____________(water)themnow?kindness

water

watering

3．Myfather___________(usual)readsnewspapersinthemorning,becauseit’sagoodwaytoknowwhathappenedinourcity.4．(2024達(dá)州改編)Themore___________(care)youare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.5．Withthehelpoftheruralrevitalizationstrategy(鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略),___________(farm)haveimprovedtheirlivingconditions.usually

careful

farmers

二、從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。

1．It’s____________totalktooloudlyinpublic,suchasonthesubway.2．Itriedtwo______________forthebookIwanted,butneitherofthemhadit.impolite

without

polite

discuss

bookstore

excitebookstores

3．Hearingthenews,hebecameso___________withhiseyesfilledwithtears.4．PleasebringSamtothewelcomeparty___________tellinghimsothathecanbesurprised.5．Afteralong_____________,thestudentscametoanagreementontheplacetohaveapicnic.excited

without

discussion

語(yǔ)篇填空(2024常州改編)閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。

DearMillie，Lastweek,youaskedmewhatistheChinesedragon—theloong.Nowletmetellyousomethingaboutit.luck

tradition

much

have

as

creative

wide

control

reason

theyChinaisknown1．______the

“homeoftheloong”.Theloongisconsideredtobe2．_________andwise.ItisabigpartofChina’shistoryandculture.In3．_______________Chineseculture,theloonghassuperpower.Ancientpeoplebelievedit4．______________theweather,especiallyrain.So,iftherewasadrought(干旱)oraflood,peoplewouldpraytotheloongto5．________betterweatherandliveapeacefullife.Forthis6．__________,therearelotsofactivitiesofprayingrelatedtol