2024屆福建省泉州市高三上學(xué)期畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(二)英語試題（解析版）

泉州市2024屆高中畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(二)高三英語注意事項：1.答題前,考生須在試題卷、答題卡規(guī)定的位置填寫自己的準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名?？忌鷳?yīng)認(rèn)真核對答題卡上粘貼的條形碼的“準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名”與考生本人準(zhǔn)考證號、姓名是否一致。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束,考生須將試題卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時,先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分,滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?A.Takeacourse.B.Attendsomeshows.C.Learnfromanapp.2.Whenshallthefoodarriveprobably?A.At11:25.B.At11:30.C.At11:35.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abook.B.Auniversity.C.Acity.4.WhichactivityattractsMr.Bergemore?A.Havinganinterview.B.Visitingtheschoolclubs.C.Touringthecampus.5.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.SightseeinginLondon.B.Talkingonavideochat.C.Makingasettlementplan.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分,滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.Whatworriestheman?A.Choiceofdiningplaces.B.Limitedfoodmaterials.C.Hispoorcookingskill.7.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodo?A.Cleanthekitchen.B.Preparethefilling.C.Makedumplingwrappers.聽第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Howdidthemanfindtheexhibitionatfirst?A.Inspiring.B.Disappointing.C.Interesting.9.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice.B.Athome.C.Inagallery.10.Whatmayappealtotheman?A.Portugalpaintings.B.Spanishpaintings.C.Chinesepaintings.聽第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whyistheblackboardshownintheexhibition?A.Itaffectedpeople’slivesgreatly.B.Itrecordedthehistoryofthetown.C.Itservedawiderangeoffunctions.12.Whatdoesthemanthinkhisgrandfathercouldlendtothemuseum?A.Aweddingphoto.B.Ateapot.C.Asportsshirt.13.Wherewilltheresultsofthevotebeshown?A.Inawindowdisplay.B.Inalocalnewspaper.C.Onthemuseumwebsite.聽第9段材料,回答第14至17題。14.WhatdoesMinorMynasmainlydoforkids?A.Itspreadsinternationalnews.B.Itconnectsgloballanguagelearners.C.Itoffersplatformstointroducepublicspeakers.15.HowdoesHillaryYipfeelwhenpresentingMinorMynas?A.Confident.B.Nervous.C.Careful.16.WhatinspiredHillaryYiptosetupMinorMynas?A.Manyparents’expectations.B.Herlanguagelearningexperience.C.Thelackoflanguagelessons.17.WhatdoesHillaryYipthinkisthebestwaytochangetheworld?A.Settingupcompanies.B.Joininginpolitics.C.Doingeducation.聽第10段材料,回答第18至20題。18.WhatistheadvantageofHermanusforwhalewatching?A.Itslocation.B.Itstrafficcondition.C.Itsmusicalatmosphere.19.WhatdoesWhaleCrierdo?A.Ittellspeoplewheretoseewhales.B.Itattractswhalestotheclosershore.C.Itwarnspeopletostayawayfromshore.20.Whatdoesthetalkfocuson?A.Protectionofsealives.B.Afestivalwithrichactivities.C.Introductiontoseasiderecreations.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AJOINTODAYEnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.FAMILYMEMBERSHIPJOINTMEMBERSHIPINDIVIDUALMEMBERSHIPFAMILY1ADULTFamilyofoneadultandupto6children￡69forayearJOINTADULTTwoadultsaged18years+￡120forayearINDIVIDUALADULTOneadultaged26years+￡69forayearFAMILY2ADULTSFamilyoftwoadultsandupto12children￡120forayearJOINTSENIORTwoadultsaged65years+￡96forayearSENIOROneadultaged65years+￡63forayear**Upto6kidsgofreewitheachadult.MEMBERSHIPPACKBecomeaMembertoreceive:UNLIMITEDACCESStoover400historicplacesFreeMEMBERS’HANDBOOKtoplandaysoutReducedpriceentrytoourEVENTSFREEENTRYforuptosixchildrenMEMBERS-ONLYMAGAZINEFREEPARKINGatEnglishHeritagesitesMEMBERS’REWARDSoffersongreatbrandsNEEDHELP?SPEAKTOUSOurMembershipTeamareonhandifyouhaveanyquestionsaboutanew,orexistingmembership.Monday-Sat,9am-5pm.TELEPHONE:03703331181FAQSGotaquestion?SeeifwehaveanswereditalreadyinourFrequentlyAskedQuestions1.Howmuchshouldtwoseniorswiththreekidspayatleasttoownannualmemberships?A.￡69. B.￡96. C.￡108. D.￡120.2.WhatisoneofthememberbenefitsofEnglishHeritagesites?A.Freeaccesstoitshistoricsites.B.Guidedoutingactivities.C.Zeroadmissiontoitsevents.D.Discountedcar-parkingfee.3.Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?A.Toeducate. B.Toentertain. C.Toanalyze. D.Toinform.【答案】1.B2.A3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則廣告，主要介紹了加入英國文化遺產(chǎn)會員所需費用及可享受的福利?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一份表格第三行第二列“JOINTSENIOR,Twoadultsaged65years+,￡96forayear(兩名65歲以上的成年人，￡96一年)”可知，兩個老人想要擁有年度會員資格需要付￡96，再根據(jù)第一份表格下面“Upto6kidsgofreewitheachadult.(一個成年人最多可以帶6個孩子免費)”可知，三個孩子免費，所以兩個帶有三個孩子的老人至少要付￡96才能擁有年度會員。故選B項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二份表格第一列中“BecomeaMembertoreceive:UNLIMITEDACCESStoover400historicplaces,(成為會員可獲得：無限制地訪問400多個歷史名勝)”及文章開頭“EnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.(擁有年度會員資格，即可無限量訪問數(shù)百處英國遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，英國文化遺產(chǎn)的會員福利是免費參觀其歷史遺跡。故選A項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文章開頭“EnjoyunlimitedaccesstohundredsofEnglishHeritagesiteswithanannualmembership.(擁有年度會員資格，即可無限量訪問數(shù)百處英國遺產(chǎn)。)”可知，本文是一則廣告，主要介紹了加入英國文化遺產(chǎn)會員所需費用及可享受的福利，所以文章目的是告知人們知曉。故選D項。B3MandDiscoveryEducationannouncedSeanJiangfromGilmanSchoolasoneofthetoptenfinalistsfromacrossthenationforthe20233MYoungScientistChallenge.It’sacompetitionthatencouragesstudentstoidentifyaneverydayproblemandsubmitavideoshowingthesciencebehindthesolutionheorshecameupwith.14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstacles(障礙)thatmaybeincoming.Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk,”saidJiang.Jiangstartedwithavirtualrealitysettingandthenmadeitareality.Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.Someothersimilarprogramswerealrightatfindingobjectsthatwereincloserange,butJiangstillwantedtheblindtoexperiencetheworldevenfullersotheywereabletoseestuffthatwasmuchfurtherawaythantheircircleofreach.InOctober,thetoptenfinalistswillcompeteinpersoninMinneapolisforthetitleof“America’sTopYoungScientist”anda$25,000prize.4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJiangfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasthechampionofthe20233Mevent.B.Heinventedtechnologytoremoveroadobstacles.C.Hesoughttoassisttheblindinwalkingsmoothly.D.Hedevelopedanewnavigationappforhisschool.5.WhydidJiangmention“echolocation”?A.Toshowthedevelopmentoftechnology.B.Topresentthedifficultiestheblindface.C.Tostressthesignificanceofhearing.D.Toexplaintheinspirationofhisinvention.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dodge”meaninparagraph4?A.Avoid.B.Encounter.C.Challenge.D.Remove.7.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.3Mfacilitiesintendedfortheblind.B.Ateenusingsoundtohelptheblind.C.Aninventiontocurevisionproblems.D.Acompetitiontoimprovetheblind’slife.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了一個青少年SeanJiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.Blindpeoplehadahardtimenavigating(導(dǎo)航)objectsthataremediumtofarrange.SoJiangwantedtodesignsomethingtogivethemaheads-uponobstacles(障礙)thatmaybeincoming.(14歲的Jiang決定幫助那些看不見的人。盲人很難在中遠(yuǎn)距離的物體上導(dǎo)航。因此，Jiang想設(shè)計一些東西，讓他們對可能到來的障礙有所預(yù)警。)”可知，Jiang設(shè)法幫助盲人順利行走。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.(Jiang的靈感來自于聽覺系統(tǒng)的力量。)”以及Jiang所說“Ilearnedinschoolthatbatsandwhalesareabletouseecholocation(回聲定位)tohelpthemnavigateandjustusetheirsenseofhearingandIalsosawonYouTubesomeveryskilledblindpeoplethatuseecholocationtohelpthemwalk.(我在學(xué)校里學(xué)過蝙蝠和鯨魚能夠利用回聲定位來幫助它們導(dǎo)航，而且我還在YouTube上看到一些非常熟練的盲人利用回聲定位來幫助他們走路。)”可知，Jiang提到“回聲定位”是為了解釋他的發(fā)明靈感。故選D項。【6題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞句后文“Whenablindiswalkingwiththedevice,thesensorofthedepthcameragatherstheinformationregardingtheobstacles’positionanddistance.ThentheAIsysteminitwillturnthedistancedataintomusicalsoundguidance.Thiscouldsignificantlyincreasethewalkingspeedofablindpersonaswellasdecreasethenumberofobstaclestheyhit.(當(dāng)盲人使用該設(shè)備行走時，深度相機的傳感器會收集有關(guān)障礙物位置和距離的信息。然后其中的人工智能系統(tǒng)將把距離數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為音樂聲音引導(dǎo)。這可以顯著提高盲人的行走速度，并減少他們撞到的障礙物數(shù)量。)”說明該設(shè)備能夠幫助盲人避開障礙物，從而推知劃線詞句“Hiscreationusesadepthcamerathatcandetecthowcloseobjectsare,thusgivingenoughtimetododgetheobstacles.(他的發(fā)明使用了一個深度相機，可以探測到物體有多近，從而有足夠的時間dodge障礙物。)”故劃線詞匯意思是“避開”。故選A項?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段中“14-year-oldJiangdecidedtohelpthosewhocan’tsee.(14歲的Jiang決定幫助那些看不見的人。)”以及第三段中“Jiang’sinspirationcamefromthepowersofthehearingsystem.(Jiang的靈感來自于聽覺系統(tǒng)的力量。)”等內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了一個青少年SeanJiang的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造，他發(fā)明的設(shè)備能用聲音幫助盲人順利行走。故選B項。CWhendeliveringmedicationstopatients,oneofthemosteffectivemethodsisdirectinjection(注射)intothebloodstreamusinganeedle.Butthiscanbeanuncomfortableexperience,especiallyforkidsoradultswithafearofneedles.Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead,drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.Now,inspiredbyoctopussuckers(章魚吸盤),researchersfromChinaandSwitzerlandhavedesignedaneedle-freealternative:atiny,drug-filled,cup-likepatch(貼片)thatstickstotheinsideofthecheeks.Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.Totestthedesign,theteam3Dprintedthesuckers.Theyloadedeachwiththedrugandstucktheminsidethecheeksofthreebeagles,akindofdogwhichhasasimilarinnercheekliningtohumans.Forcomparison,theyalsodeliveredthedrugtobeaglesviaapill.Afterthreehours,theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.40healthyhumanvolunteersself-appliedwater-filledpatchestoseehowwelltheywouldstayonwhiletalkingandmovingtheirmouths.After30minutes,onlyfiveofthe40patcheshadfallenoff,whichwasbecauseofimproperplacement.Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.Still,theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules,suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis,buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.8.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthepatch?A.Tohelppatientsovercomethefearofneedles.B.Toenablekidstoswallowtabletssmoothly.C.Toofferabetterwayofdrugdelivery.D.Toguaranteetheefficiencyoforalpills.9.Whatdoestheresearchondogsprove?A.Itistechnologicallypossibleto3Dprintthepatches.B.Thecheekliningofdogsissimilartothatofhumans.C.Patchesfalleasilywiththeirmouthmovement.D.Drugsareabsorbedbetterthroughpatchesthanpills.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethedevice?A.Innovativeandprofitable.B.Effectiveanduser-friendly.C.Affordableandaccessible.D.Flexibleandlong-lasting.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphstress?A.Therelatedissuestobesolved.B.Theriskofusingpatchesrepeatedly.C.Thewaytoidentitylargemolecules.D.Thetroubleofimprovingthetechnology.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了中國和瑞士研究人員設(shè)計了一種用來輸送藥物的杯狀貼片裝置?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ Whilepatientsdohavetheoptiontotakeoralpillsinstead,drugscontaininglargemolecules(分子)arenotabsorbedeffectivelythisway.(雖然患者可以選擇服用口服藥片，但這種含有大分子的藥物不能有效吸收。)”和第二段中“Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.(研究小組在《科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中報告說，這種裝置很容易獲得，可以隨時取下，藥物通過臉頰內(nèi)側(cè)的內(nèi)壁被吸收。)”可知，研究人員研發(fā)這種貼片是為了提供一種更好的藥物輸送方式。故選C項?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Afterthreehours,theteamfoundthatdrugbloodconcentrationsindogswiththepatchweremorethan150timeshigherthaninthedogsthattookatablet.(三小時后，研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，貼著貼片的狗血液中的藥物濃度比服用藥片的狗高出150多倍。)”可知，對狗的研究證明，貼片比藥片更能吸收藥物。故選D項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thedeviceiseasilyaccessible,anditcanberemovedatanytimeandthedruggetsabsorbedthroughtheliningoftheinnercheek,theteamreportsinapaperinScienceTranslationalMedicine.(研究小組在《科學(xué)轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)》雜志上發(fā)表的一篇論文中報告說，這種裝置很容易獲得，可以隨時取下，藥物通過臉頰內(nèi)側(cè)的內(nèi)壁被吸收。)”和第三段中“Theyalsofoundpatchesworkedeffectivelyfordrugswithlargemolecules.(他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)貼片對大分子藥物有效。)”以及第四段中“Mostvolunteerssaidtheywouldpreferapatchoverinjectionsfordailyapplications.(大多數(shù)志愿者表示，他們更喜歡貼片，而不是每天注射。)”可知，該設(shè)備的特點是有效和對用戶友好。故選B項?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Still,theteamonlytestedthepatchforashorttimesotheywouldneedtofindoutwhatwouldhappenifitwasusedrepeatedly.(不過，該團(tuán)隊只測試了很短的時間，所以他們需要弄清楚如果反復(fù)使用會發(fā)生什么。)”和“They’dalsoneedtodeterminewhichdrugswouldworkwiththetechnology:thetargetislargemolecules,suchasthoseusedtotreatobesityorosteoporosis,buttheycan’tbetoolargetofitinthecup.(他們還需要確定哪些藥物可以與該技術(shù)一起工作：目標(biāo)是大分子，例如用于治療肥胖或骨質(zhì)疏松癥的藥物，但它們不能太大而無法裝入杯子（杯狀貼片）。)”可知，最后一段強調(diào)了這一技術(shù)還需要解決的相關(guān)問題。故選A項。DYouseeashoppertripoverinabusystreet.Someoneelsecanhelp.That’swhatyoutellyourself.Thisisthebystandereffectinaction—thedilution(淡化)ofresponsibilityinthepresenceofothers—andithasbeendemonstratedinmanypaststudies.Butlifeiscomplicatedandpsychologistshaveseenexceptionalcircumstances.TwoexperimentswereconductedbyMarcovanBommelandhisteamusinganonlinechatroomforpeoplewithextremeemotionalproblems.Eighty-sixstudentswereloggedintotheforum(論壇)andshownfivemessagesfromtroubledusers.Theyweretoldtowriteareplyiftheywanted,butitwasentirelyuptothem.Basically,participantscouldseetheirnamesonthescreenalongsideothers’names.Acounteralsotoldthemiftheforumwasquiet,withjustoneotherpersonloggedin,orbusy,with30othersonline.ThisarrangementreproducedtheclassicBystanderEffect-participantswerelesslikelytopostreplieswithmorepeopleloggedin.However,whentheresearcherscued(提示)self-awarenessbyhighlightingparticipants’namesinredonthescreen,theypostedmorerepliesonabusyforum.Asecondstudywasbuiltonthesefindings,butthistimeself-awarenesswasraisedbythepresence,ornot,ofacomputerweb-camera.Over100participantstookpart.Althoughtoldthecamerawouldn’tbeuseduntillater,thosewithcameraswereaskedtocheckthecamera’sindicator-lightduringthestudy.TheBystanderEffectwasreproducedwhenweb-cameraswereabsent-onbusyforumsparticipantspostedfewerrepliestoneedyusers.Bycontrast,thosecuedtobeself-awarebytheweb-camactuallywrotemorereplies.Nearlyanyonlinecommunitycanbenefitfromtheresearch.Theabilitytoturnhesitantbystandersintoeagerhelpersisarecipeforengagementandcollectivebenefit.Asintheresearch,simpledesigncuescouldbeintegratedtohelponlineusersremembertheyarevisibletothecommunity.Forexample,thesizeofprofileimagesandspecificon-sitereminderscanbeusedtohighlighthowusersseethemselveswithinthecommunity.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.Thehiddendangerofabusystreet.B.Thebystandereffectinaction.C.Thedilutionofresponsibility.D.Thepresenceofotherpeople.13.Inthefirststudy,theparticipantspostedmorerepliestothetroubledwhenA.thereweremoreemotionalproblemsB.thecounterindicatedtheforumwasquietC.theirpresencewasremindedonthescreenD.moreindividualswereloggedintheforum14.Whyistheweb-camerausedinthesecondstudy?A.Toencouragemorereplies.B.Toreproducethebystandereffect.C.Tofurthertestparticipants’mindset.D.Tobetterrecordparticipants’actions.15.Whatstrategycanonlinecommunitieslearnfromtheresearch?A.Workingtogethertoattractmoreusers.B.Combiningdesignstoboostusers’memory.C.Buildingmoreplatformsforpublicpromotion.D.Exploringwaystochangebystandersintoupstanders.【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了對旁觀者效應(yīng)的研究，該研究能使在線社區(qū)受益，把旁觀者變成挺身而出者。12題詳解】詞句猜測題。劃線詞前文“Thisisthebystandereffectinaction—thedilution(淡化)ofresponsibilityinthepresenceofothers(這就是行動中的旁觀者效應(yīng)——在他人在場的情況下責(zé)任被稀釋)”談?wù)摬⒔忉屃诵袆又械呐杂^者效應(yīng)，從而推知劃線詞句“andithasbeendemonstratedinmanypaststudies(it在過去的許多研究中都得到證明)”中劃線的“it”指的是“行動中的旁觀者效應(yīng)”。故選B項。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“However,whentheresearcherscued(提示)self-awarenessbyhighlightingparticipants’namesinredonthescreen,theypostedmorerepliesonabusyforum.(然而，當(dāng)研究人員通過在屏幕上用紅色標(biāo)出參與者的名字來提示自我意識時，他們在一個繁忙的論壇上發(fā)表了更多的回復(fù))”可知，在第一項研究中，當(dāng)參與者的存在在屏幕上被提醒時，參與者會對問題用戶發(fā)布更多回復(fù)。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asecondstudywasbuiltonthesefindings,butthistimeself-awarenesswasraisedbythepresence,ornot,ofacomputerweb-camera.(第二項研究建立在這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的基礎(chǔ)上，但這一次，自我意識是由電腦網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭的存在或不存在引起的)”和“TheBystanderEffectwasreproducedwhenweb-cameraswereabsent-onbusyforumsparticipantspostedfewerrepliestoneedyusers.Bycontrast,thosecuedtobeself-awarebytheweb-camactuallywrotemorereplies.(當(dāng)沒有網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭時，旁觀者效應(yīng)也會重現(xiàn)——在繁忙的論壇上，參與者對需要幫助的用戶的回復(fù)更少。相比之下，那些被網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭提示有自我意識的人實際上寫了更多的回復(fù))”可推知，在第二個研究中使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)攝像頭是為了進(jìn)一步測試參與者的心態(tài)。故選C項?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Nearlyanyonlinecommunitycanbenefitfromtheresearch.Theabilitytoturnhesitantbystandersintoeagerhelpersisarecipeforengagementandcollectivebenefit.(幾乎所有的在線社區(qū)都能從這項研究中受益。把猶豫不決的旁觀者變成熱心的幫助者的能力，是促成參與和集體利益的秘訣)”可推知，在線社區(qū)可以從研究中學(xué)到把旁觀者變成挺身而出者的方法。故選D項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Forthepasttwomonths,MandyChen,asecond-yearstudentatBeijingUniversityofTechnology,hasbeenpostingphotosofherselftoTaobao,posingwithareusablecup,climbingstairsandswitchingofflights.____16____Taobao’sAlalgorithm(算法)calculatesthatChen’suseofareusablecupreduced15.7gramsofcarbonemissions(排放),whileherchoicetotakethestairsinsteadoftheliftresultedinareductionof19.5grams.____17____Aftersevendaysofpostingherphotos,ChenexchangedthepointsforadozenofbiodegradablerubbishbagsfromTaobao.Everyonecangetanendlesssupplyoffreetrashbagsiftheykeepgoing,accordingtoChen.____18____ChenusesCarbon88,aplatformlaunchedlastAugustbyAlibabaGroupHolding,tohelpthemorethan800millionusersonTaobaoadoptasustainablelifestyle.Theplatformrewardsusersforover70low-carbonbehaviours.____19____Italsorecommendsproductsthatitconsidersenvironmentallysustainable,andgivesuserspointsforbuyingthem.____20____“Ididn’tknowthatmyactionscouldproducesuchcarbonreduction,”Chensaid,“NowIfeelgoodforwhatI’mdoingtomakethisworldatinybitbetter.Weasapartofsocietycancallformoresystemicchanges.”A.Itencouragesthemtoreducetheircarbonfootprint.B.Andhereffortstosaveelectricityprevented65.50grams.C.It’savaluableadditiontocurrentcarbon-reductionpolicies.D.CarbonreductionhashelpedincreaseChen’senvironmentalawareness.E.Withinminutes,shereceivesadozenpointsfromtheappasareward.F.Theyrangefromtakingpublictransporttoshoppingofsecond-handitems.G.Sheisnowsavingpointsforsomethingbetter,likesnacksandwaterbottles.【答案】16.E17.B18.G19.F20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了北京工業(yè)大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生MandyChen在淘寶的獎勵機制中進(jìn)行環(huán)保行為，并提高了環(huán)保意識?！?6題詳解】上文“Forthepasttwomonths,MandyChen,asecond-yearstudentatBeijingUniversityofTechnology,hasbeenpostingphotosofherselftoTaobao,posingwithareusablecup,climbingstairsandswitchingofflights.(在過去的兩個月里，北京工業(yè)大學(xué)二年級學(xué)生MandyChen一直在淘寶上曬自己的照片，擺出拿著可重復(fù)使用的杯子、爬樓梯和關(guān)燈的姿勢。)”說明MandyChen在淘寶上曬自己所做的有利于環(huán)境的照片，選項E“幾分鐘內(nèi)，她就會從應(yīng)用中獲得12分作為獎勵?！焙蜕衔拇嬖谝蚬P(guān)系，因為她為環(huán)境做出的努力，得到淘寶的獎勵。故選E項?！?7題詳解】上文“Taobao’sAlalgorithm(算法)calculatesthatChen’suseofareusablecupreduced15.7gramsofcarbonemissions(排放),whileherchoicetotakethestairsinsteadoftheliftresultedinareductionof19.5grams.(淘寶的人工智能算法計算出，Chen使用可重復(fù)使用的杯子減少了15.7克的碳排放量，而她選擇走樓梯而不是乘電梯減少了19.5克的碳排放量。)”介紹Chen的各種環(huán)保行為減少的具體碳排放量，選項B“她為節(jié)省電力所做的努力減少了65.50克?！背薪由衔?，繼續(xù)介紹Chen的節(jié)省電力環(huán)保行為減少的碳排放量。故選B項?！?8題詳解】上文“Aftersevendaysofpostingherphotos,ChenexchangedthepointsforadozenofbiodegradablerubbishbagsfromTaobao.Everyonecangetanendlesssupplyoffreetrashbagsiftheykeepgoing,accordingtoChen.(在曬出她的照片7天后，Chen用這些積分從淘寶上換了12個可生物降解的垃圾袋。根據(jù)Chen的說法，如果每個人都堅持下去，就可以得到源源不斷的免費垃圾袋。)”說明Chen已經(jīng)用積分換了垃圾袋，選項G“她現(xiàn)在正在攢積分換取更好的東西，比如零食和水瓶。”承接上文，介紹她現(xiàn)在正在準(zhǔn)備攢積分換更好的東西。故選G項?！?9題詳解】上文“Theplatformrewardsusersforover70low-carbonbehaviours.(該平臺獎勵用戶70多種低碳行。)”談到平臺獎勵用戶70多種低碳行為，選項F“它們包括從乘坐公共交通工具到購買二手物品?！背薪由衔?，說明這70多種低碳行為包括哪些內(nèi)容。選項中They指上文中over70low-carbonbehaviours，語義一致，故選F項?！?0題詳解】下文“‘Ididn’tknowthatmyactionscouldproducesuchcarbonreduction,’Chensaid,‘NowIfeelgoodforwhatI’mdoingtomakethisworldatinybitbetter.Weasapartofsocietycancallformoresystemicchanges.’(‘我不知道我的行動能產(chǎn)生如此多的碳減排，’Chen說，‘現(xiàn)在我為自己所做的讓這個世界變得更好而感到高興。作為社會的一部分，我們可以呼吁更多的系統(tǒng)性變革?！?”說明碳減排行動提高了Chen的環(huán)保意識，Chen在為保護(hù)環(huán)境呼吁更多的變革，選項D“減少碳排放幫助Chen提高了環(huán)保意識?！币I(lǐng)下文，概括了本段主題，說明碳減排行動提高了Chen的環(huán)保意識。故選D項。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。HarryBurleighheadedintothewoodsforacampingtripwithhisfishingequipment.Afewdayslater,hiswifeStacygrew____21____whenhedidn’tcomehomeasplanned.Stacycalledthe____22____toreportherhusband’smissing.Searchandrescueteams____23____begantheirworkandwentonfordays,buttherewasno____24____ofHarryanywhere.Everyonewasworried—thetemperatureswerequitelowsomenights,andithadevensnowed.OnMay15,therescuersfinallycaughtabreakwhenthey____25____ashelterandhisfishingequipment.They____26____supportfromover16rescueorganizations,andtheyexploredeverypossible____27____butwithnoluck.Therefore,therescuers____28____himalighterandanotetellinghimtomakea____29____andtheywouldbeback.Twodayslater,ateamfoundanother_____30_____,butthistime,Harrywasnearbyandheardhisnamecalled!Itturnedouthewas_____31_____alongthepathwithminorpain._____32_____,thecrewradioedforahelicoptertotakehimtothehospitalforacompleteevaluationafterspending17longdaysout.“Thiswasthe_____33_____weallhavebeenlookingforinthiscase,”arescuersaid.“Itisour_____34_____searchandrescueteamsandthepartnershipswehavewithotherteamsthathelped_____35_____Mr.Burleighandhisfamily.”21.A.excited B.concerned C.annoyed D.puzzled22.A.authorities B.hospital C.agencies D.family23.A.hesitantly B.instantly C.secretly D.suddenly24.A.news B.hope C.sign D.wonder25.A.spotted B.offered C.sought D.constructed26.A.turneddown B.dependedon C.calledin D.cutoff27.A.equipment B.break C.food D.path28.A.bought B.left C.presented D.fetched29.A.fire B.bed C.video D.face30.A.river B.chance C.team D.shelter31.A.hunting B.exploring C.walking D.marching32.A.Amused B.Awkward C.Upset D.Relieved33.A.cause B.outcome C.award D.evaluation34.A.determined B.tolerant C.disciplined D.flexible35.A.affect B.instruct C.encourage D.reunite【答案】21.B22.A23.B24.C25.A26.C27.D28.B29.A30.D31.C32.D33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了HarryBurleigh去露營失蹤了，妻子向當(dāng)局報告，救援隊經(jīng)過不懈搜救終于找到Harry，幫助他和家人團(tuán)聚的故事?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾天后，他的妻子Stacy開始擔(dān)心他因為他沒有按計劃回家。A.excited興奮的；B.concerned擔(dān)心的；C.annoyed煩惱的；D.puzzled困惑的。根據(jù)前文“HarryBurleighheadedintothewoodsforacampingtripwithhisfishingequipment.”和后文“whenhedidn’tcomehomeasplanned”可知，HarryBurleigh去露營但是沒有按計劃回家，這令妻子很擔(dān)心。故選B項?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Stacy打電話給當(dāng)局報告她丈夫失蹤了。A.authorities當(dāng)局；B.hospital醫(yī)院；C.agencies代理機構(gòu)；D.family家庭。根據(jù)語境和后文“toreportherhusband’smissing”可知，Stacy打電話給當(dāng)局報告她丈夫失蹤了。故選A項?！?3題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：搜救隊立即開始了他們的工作，持續(xù)了幾天，但到處都沒有Harry的蹤影。A.hesitantly遲疑地；B.instantly立即；C.secretly秘密地；D.suddenly突然。根據(jù)前文“toreportherhusband’smissing”和后文“begantheirwork”可知，得知Harry失蹤了，搜救隊立即開始搜救工作。故選B項?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.news新聞；B.hope希望；C.sign蹤跡；D.wonder奇跡。根據(jù)前文“Searchandrescueteams____3____begantheirworkandwentonfordays,buttherewasno”可知，搜救隊開始搜救工作，但是沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)Harry的蹤跡。故選C項?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：5月15日，救援人員終于找到了突破口，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個庇護(hù)所和他的捕魚設(shè)備。A.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.offered提供；C.sought尋求；D.constructed建造。根據(jù)前文“therescuersfinallycaughtabreak”和后文“ashelterandhisfishingequipment”可知，救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個庇護(hù)所和Harry的捕魚設(shè)備。故選A項?！?6題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：他們順道向超過16個救援組織尋求幫助，他們探索了每一條可能的道路，但運氣不好。A.turneddown拒絕；B.dependedon依靠；C.calledin順道走訪；D.cutoff切斷。根據(jù)后文“supportfromover16rescueorganizations”可知，搜救隊順道向超過16個救援組織尋求幫助。故選C項。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.equipment設(shè)備；B.break休息；C.food食物；D.path道路。根據(jù)語境和前文“theyexploredeverypossible”可知，因為是在尋找失蹤的人，搜救隊搜索了每一條可能的道路。故選D項?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，救援人員給他留下了一個打火機和一張紙條，告訴他生火，他們會回來的。A.bought買；B.left留下；C.presented呈現(xiàn)；D.fetched取來。根據(jù)后文“himalighterandanotetellinghimtomakea____9____andtheywouldbeback”可知，救援人員給Harry留下一個打火機和一張紙條。故選B項?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.fire火；B.