（高考英語作文煉句）第53篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.高等教育應該被廣泛普及的一個原因是,這樣做是一個國家道義上的責任.教育是一項權利,而不是特權.所有人,不論種族、宗教、性別還是社會經(jīng)濟背景,都應該被平等對待.Onereasonwhyhighereducationshould

bemadeuniversallyavailable

(1.被廣泛普及)isthatitisacountry'smoralobligationtoensurethis.Educationisaright,notaprivilege.Allpeopleshouldbetreatedequally,regardlessofrace,religion,gender,or

socioeconomicbackground(2.社會經(jīng)濟背景).

1-bemadeuniversallyavailable詞典釋義：universally

●○○○○1.ADV

副詞

普遍地;全體地;人人

Ifsomethingis

universally

believedoraccepted,itisbelievedoracceptedbyeveryonewith

nodisagreement.?...a

universally

acceptedpointofview...普遍接受的觀點?Thescaleoftheproblemisnow

universally

recognised.現(xiàn)在全世界的人都已認識到了這個問題的嚴重性.

外刊例句：ItisdeepintheBBC'stradition,anditsconstitution,thattheservicesforwhichthelicencefeepaysmustbe

universallyavailable,asare

broadcasttelevisionandradio.

()支付了授權費的服務必須得廣泛普及,而電視廣播節(jié)目和電臺節(jié)目也與此一致,這深深扎根在BBC的傳統(tǒng)和規(guī)章中.

替換表達：shouldensurethewideavailabilityofhighereducation

2-socioeconomicbackground

詞典釋義：socioeconomic

1.ADJ

形容詞社會經(jīng)濟的

Socio-economic

circumstancesordevelopmentsinvolveacombinationofsocialand

economicfactors.?Suicideisoftenconnectedwithsocio-economic

deprivation.自殺經(jīng)常與社會經(jīng)濟權利的喪失有關.?...thewesternEuropeanhistoricalmodelofsocio-economic

development.西歐社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的歷史模式

外刊例句：TheAcerreportsfoundstudentshadhigherachievementwhentheywerefromahigh

socioeconomicbackground,whentherewasastrongschoolemphasisonacademicsuccess,andwhentheywerenotbullied.

()TheAcer的研究報告發(fā)現(xiàn),能取得相對宏大成就的學生多擁有良好的社會經(jīng)濟環(huán)境,所讀學校注重學生學術成就,且未受欺凌.

學生錯誤表達：Socialeconomicbackground點評：socialeconomic應該改為socioeconomic

Q：Onereasonthathighereducationshouldbewidespreadisthatdoingsoisamorallyobligationforacountry.這句話中onereason后面可以用that嗎?A：onereason后面用why或者that都可以,句子也可以改成Onereasonthathighereducationshouldbemadeuniversally

availableisthatitisacountry'smoralobligationtoensurethis.

2.毫無疑問,為了補貼或者提供貸款給每名付不起大學學費的學生,政府需要承擔大量的費用.然而,高等教育是一項不可剝奪的權利,而且對有需要的人普及高等教育會帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟和社會文化效益,這些效益遠遠超過前面提到的花費.Undoubtedly,governmentswouldincurgreatcoststosubsidizeorprovideloanstoeverystudentwhocannotaffordtopay

universitytuitionfees(1.大學學費).However,highereducationis

aninalienableright

(2.一項不可剝奪的權利)anditsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsocioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementioned

(3.前面提到的)costs.

1-universitytuitionfees

詞典釋義：tuitionUK

[tju：'??.?n]

US

['tu：-]

noun

uncountable

mainlyUKteaching,

especiallywhengiventoasmallgrouporoneperson,suchasinacollegeoruniversity(尤指一對一或小班進行的)教學,講授,指導?Allstudentsreceivetuitioninlogicandmetaphysics.所有學生都學習邏輯學和玄學.?tuitionfees學費■mainlyUS

■themoneypaidforthistypeofteaching

學費?Fewcanaffordthe

tuition

of$12000aterm.很少人能支付得起每學期12000美元的學費.

外刊例句：Universitytuitionfees

separatepoliticians’headsfromtheirhearts.

()大學學費問題讓政客們心神不一.

2-aninalienableright

詞典釋義：inalienable

1.ADJ

形容詞不可剝奪的;不能讓與的

Ifyousaythatsomeonehasan

inalienable

righttosomething,youareemphasizingthattheyhavearightto

itwhichcannotbechangedortakenaway.?Hesaidtherepublicnowhadan

inalienable

righttoself-determination.他說共和國現(xiàn)在擁有不可剝奪的自決權.?...respectforthe

inalienable

rightsofpeoplesandnations.對各民族、國家不可剝奪權利的尊重

外刊例句：Openinquestsare

aninalienableright

inafreesociety.()公共討論是自由社會中(人們)不可剝奪的權利.

學生錯誤表達：arightthatcannotbedeprived點評：deprive的搭配是deprivesomebodyofsomething或者somebodyis

deprivedofsomething,例如：They'vebeendeprivedofthefuelnecessarytoheattheirhomes.他們沒法得到家里取暖所必需的燃料.arightthatcannotbedeprived用法不正確,應該改為arightthatcannotbetakenaway

3-aforementioned

詞典釋義：aforementioned

UK

[?'f?：?men.t??nd]

US

[-'f?：r-](also

aforesaid)

formal

adjective

[beforenoun]

■mentionedearlier

前面提到的;上述的

?The

aforementioned

MrParkesthenenteredthecinema.前面提到的這位帕克斯先生就進了電影院.

外刊例句：Whoistoblamefortheannoyancesofflying

inthesummer?Partly,itisthose

aforementioned

leisuretravellers.

()夏日航班常令人煩惱,這該怪罪誰呢?一定程度上,可以怪罪前面所說的悠閑旅客.

替換表達：aforesaid/above-mentioned

However,highereducationisaninalienablerightanditsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsocioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts.

[分析]本句是一個由and連接的并列句.前一分句是highereducationisan

inalienableright,這是一個主系表結構.后一分句是itsavailabilityto

allthosewhoseekitcanleadtosignificanteconomicandsociocultural

benefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts,這是一個主謂賓結構.其中,主語部分是itsavailabilitytoallthosewhoseekit,這里,介詞短語toallthosewhoseekit作定語,修飾availability,而在介詞短語中,定語從句whoseekit修飾those.分句二的謂語是canleadto,賓語是significanteconomicand

socioculturalbenefitsthatfaroutweightheaforementionedcosts,在賓語中,that引導了一個定語從句,修飾benefits.

3.就讀私立學校的孩子數(shù)量的增多能讓政府的教育經(jīng)費支出降低,使更多的國家資源能夠被投入到醫(yī)療保健、環(huán)境保護以及其他公共服務上.Theincreaseinthenumberofchildrenatprivateschoolshasallowedforreducedlevelsofgovernmenteducationspending,enablingmorestateresourcestobeallocatedto

healthcare(1.醫(yī)療保健),environmentalprotectionandother

publicservices(2.公共服務).

1-healthcare

詞典釋義：healthcare

UK

['helθ.ke?r]

US

[-ker]

noun

uncountable

■thesetofservicesprovidedbyacountryoran

organizationforthetreatmentofthephysicallyandthementallyill

醫(yī)療保健服務?Healthcareworkersaresomeofthelowestpaidpeopleinthecountry.醫(yī)療保健工作者是這個國家收入最低的人群之一.

外刊例句：Republicans

haveuntiltheendofthemonthtopassa

healthcare

billonaparty-linevote.()共和黨人到了這月底才同意黨內(nèi)意見一致投票通過醫(yī)療保障方案.

學生錯誤表達：Medicalhealth/treatment點評："醫(yī)療保健”應該改為固定說法healthcare

2-publicservices

詞典釋義：public

service

noun

1.Cusuallypluralaservice,suchastransportorhealthcare,thata

governmentprovides公共服務,公用事業(yè)〔由政府提供資金的服務如運輸、衛(wèi)生保健等〕：?effortstoimprove

qualityinpublicservices提高公用事業(yè)服務質量的努力

外刊例句：Charging

for

publicservices

sometimes

makessense.Often,though,itisaracket.()(政府)給公共服務收費,這有時候的確有道理.不過,這大多數(shù)情況下,和勒索無異.

學生錯誤表達：Publicserves點評：用詞不當,serve作為名詞時,含義是"(網(wǎng)球、排球等的)發(fā)球”,這里要改為publicservices

Q：請問,這里allowedfor如何理解?謝謝A：allowfor相當于makeitpossiblefor,含義是"使……成為可能”,例如：Our

newsystemwillallowformoreefficientuseofresources.我們的新系統(tǒng)將使資源得到更有效的利用.

Q：對于句子的時態(tài),答案采用的是現(xiàn)在完成時,表示已經(jīng)完成的狀態(tài),我用的是將來時,主要是從"能夠讓”這幾個字中看出來還沒有發(fā)生,對于為啥用現(xiàn)在完成時還是有點不大明白A：這里用現(xiàn)在完成時或者一般將來時都可以,但意思稍微有點不同.如果用現(xiàn)在完成時,強調的是增大私立學校兒童數(shù)量已經(jīng)帶來的影響,如果用一般將來時,強調的是增大私立學校兒童數(shù)量將會帶來的影響.

4.對于危險、暴力的罪犯來說,監(jiān)獄扮演了重要角色,因為它使這些罪犯遠離街頭,讓社會成為一個更安全的地方.然而,對于非暴力罪犯來說,例如小竊賊或消遣性毒品使用者,監(jiān)獄是否是處置他們最好的地方就疑問重重了.Inthecaseofdangerousandviolentcriminals,prisonservesanimportantrole

inthat

(1.因為)it

keepssuchpeopleoffthestreets

(2.讓這些人遠離街頭)andmakessocietyasaferplace.However,inthecaseofnon-violentcriminals,forexample

pettythieves

(3.小竊賊)or

recreationaldrugusers(4.消遣性毒品使用者),itishighlyquestionablewhetherprisonisthebestplaceforthem.

1-inthat

詞典釋義：inthat

formal

■because

因為,由于?Thisresearchisimportant

in

thatit

confirmsthelinkbetweenaggressionandalcohol.這項研究非常重要,因為它證實了攻擊行為和酗酒之間的聯(lián)系.

外刊例句：Todorov'schampionsalsounderstoodthat,in

fightingfascism,therewasnoescapingthetragedyofforce,

inthat

itwillalwaysdestroytheinnocent

alongwiththeguilty.

()托多爾夫的擁護者也明白,在抗擊法西斯的過程中,軍事力量引發(fā)的悲劇是難免的,因為這總會把無辜者與犯罪者一同摧毀.

替換表達：because

2-keepssuchpeopleoffthestreets

詞典釋義：[ki：p]

verb

(kept,

kept)

Phrasal

Verbs

keep(sb/sth)offsth

■tonotgoontoan

area,ortostopsomeoneorsomethinggoingontoanarea

(使…)遠離;(使…)不接近?Therewasanoticesaying'Keep

offthe

grass'.那里有一塊告示,上面寫著"勿踏草地”.

外刊例句：Bylookingafterourownfamilies,we

contributeto

keeping

people

off

thestreets–ifonlyeveryone

did.

()我們?yōu)榱四苷疹櫤眉胰?一直驅逐這些人離開這條街——只要其他人也這么做的話.

3-pettythieves

詞典釋義：pettyUK

['pet.i]

US

['pet?-]

disapproving

adjective

[beforenoun]

■notimportantandnotworthgivingattentionto

瑣碎的;無足輕重的?Prisonerscomplainthattheyaresubjectedtotoomany

petty

rulesandrestrictions.犯人抱怨他們受到太多繁文縟節(jié)的管制.

外刊例句：Butkeeping

pettythieves

incellsuntiltheydieofoldageyields

negligiblebenefitsatruinousexpense.

()然后,把小罪犯收押在監(jiān)獄里直到老死,這種做法沒有什么好處,反而會造成嚴重損失.

學生錯誤表達：bandit點評：bandit一般是指"(襲擊旅游者的)強盜、土匪”,用在這里不合適.

4-recreationaldrugusers

詞典釋義：recreational

adjectiverelatingtoordenotingactivitydonefor

enjoymentwhenoneisnotworking

消遣的,娛樂的

moneytoproviderecreational

facilities.

提供娛樂設施的資金.

recreationalcyclinginthe

countryside.

在鄉(xiāng)下騎自行車消遣.

■relatingtoor

denotingdrugstakenonanoccasionalbasisforenjoyment,especiallywhen

socializing

(毒品)偶爾嘗試的(尤指