（高考英語(yǔ)作文煉句）第51篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.如今在很多社會(huì)移民都是一個(gè)重大問(wèn)題,而隨著全球化程度的不斷加深,很有可能在未來(lái)許多年里面移民將一直是個(gè)問(wèn)題.數(shù)十年以來(lái),一直存在一個(gè)爭(zhēng)議：移民們應(yīng)該保留自己原本的文化還是設(shè)法接受他們新家園的文化.Immigrationisamajorissueinmanysocietiestodayandwitheverincreasingglobalisation,itseemslikelyitwillremainanissueforyearstocome.Therehasfordecadesbeenadebateastowhetherimmigrantsshould

remaintheiroriginalculture

(1.保留他們?cè)镜奈幕?or

seektoadoptthecultureof

(2.設(shè)法接受……的文化)theirnewhome.

1-retaintheiroriginalculture

詞典釋義：

retain[r?'te?n]

verb

transitive

IMPROVER

slightly

formal

■tokeeporcontinuetohavesomething

保持;保留;保有?Shehaslostherbattleto

retain

controlofthecompany.她被打敗了,失去了繼續(xù)掌管公司的權(quán)力.?Hemanagedto

retain

hisdignitythroughouttheperformance.在整個(gè)表演過(guò)程中,他設(shè)法保持了自己的尊嚴(yán).?Shesucceededin

retaining

herleadinthesecondhalfof

therace.在比賽的后半程中,她成功地保住了領(lǐng)先地位.?Ihaveagoodmemoryandamableto

retain

(=remember)factseasily.我記憶力很好,記東西不費(fèi)勁.

外刊例句：Shouldminoritiesretaintheirculture?Orshouldtheyassimilate?Doesmulticulturalismhavebenefitsandwhatarethey?(BBC)少數(shù)族裔應(yīng)該保留他們的文化嗎?還是他們應(yīng)該同其他文化融合?多種文化共存有好處嗎?這些好處是什么?

替換表達(dá)：preservetheiroriginalculture

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Reservetheiroriginalculture點(diǎn)評(píng)：reserve是指"留出某物(以便后面使用)”,例如：Aseparateroom

isreservedforsmokers.有一間獨(dú)立房間是留給吸煙者用的.Reserve不可以與culture搭配使用,這里應(yīng)該改為preservetheiroriginal

culture

2-seektoadoptthecultureof

詞典釋義：seektodo4.VERB

動(dòng)詞力圖;想方設(shè)法

Ifyou

seekto

do

something,youtrytodoit.?Healsodeniedthathewouldseektoannexthecountry...他還否認(rèn)會(huì)試圖吞并該國(guó).?Moscowis

seekingtoslowthegrowthofRussianinflation.俄羅斯政府正力圖遏制本國(guó)的通貨膨脹.

外刊例句：MayconfirmedthatonTuesday,saying："Wedo

not

seekto

adoptamodelalready

enjoyedbyothercountries.”

()梅在周二證實(shí)了此(說(shuō)法),稱"我們并不想采納一些其他國(guó)家已經(jīng)用過(guò)的模式.”

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：manageto

adoptthecultureof點(diǎn)評(píng)：managetodo

something含義是"設(shè)法做成某事”,例如：Howdoyoumanagetostayso

slim?你是如何把身材保持得這么苗條的?原文的意思是"移民應(yīng)該努力接受新家園的文化”,并沒有包含"成功做成某事”的意思,所以managetodosomething用在這里不合適.

Q：這句的asto可以改成that嗎?A：asto是一個(gè)固定表達(dá),含義是"關(guān)于……”,asto經(jīng)常whether/how等搭配,例如：Thequestionaroseastowhetherthisbehaviourwasunlawful.問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)了：這種行為是否不合法?

2.反對(duì)從文化上同化移民的人堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為要求他人改變他們的文化是對(duì)個(gè)人自由的冒犯.他們認(rèn)為在一個(gè)自由的社會(huì)中想要?jiǎng)e人去遵循自己的習(xí)俗和價(jià)值觀是不合理的,他們還認(rèn)為社會(huì)應(yīng)該包容來(lái)自各種文化和具有不同背景的人.Thosewhooppose

theculturalassimilationofimmigrants

(1.從文化上同化移民)arefirminthebeliefthattorequireotherstochangetheircultureis

anaffrontto

(2.對(duì)……的冒犯)personalfreedom.Theyfeelthatinafreesocietyitisnotreasonabletoexpectothersto

conformto

(3.遵循)one'sowncustomsandvalues,andthatsocietyshouldtoleratepeopleofallculturesandbackgrounds.

1-theculturalassimilationofimmigrants

詞典釋義：as?simi?la?tion

/

??sim??lei?n

/

?

noun

1.

[U]

theactof

assimilating

sb

orsth,orbeing

assimilated

?

吸收;接受：

?therapidassimilationofnewideas

對(duì)新思想的迅速吸收

?hisassimilationintothecommunity

他融入社區(qū)

外刊例句：Thescaleofthesedemographicchangesmeansquestionsaround

culturalassimilation

versusculturalpreservationtendtoarisefirstinCalifornia.()在如此規(guī)模的人口遷移影響下,圍繞著文化涵化和文化保存的質(zhì)疑將在加利福利亞州出現(xiàn).

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：assimilatingimmigrantsfrom/by/throughculture點(diǎn)評(píng)：當(dāng)assimilate取"融化,同化”時(shí),要說(shuō)somebodyassimilates或者somebodyis

assimilatedintoacountryoragroup,但不能assimilatesomebody

2-anaffrontto

詞典釋義：affront[?'fr?nt]

noun

countable

■aremarkoractionintendedtoinsultoroffendsomeone

侮辱;冒犯?Heregardedthecommentsasan

affront

tohisdignity.他認(rèn)為這些話傷害了他的尊嚴(yán).

外刊例句：Ahighcourtjudgebrandedthegovernment's

systemofcontrolordersagainstterrorismsuspects"anaffrontto

justice"yesterday

andruledthattheybreachedhumanrightslaws.

()一位最高法院的法官在昨天稱政府管制恐怖主義嫌疑人行為的系統(tǒng)為"有辱公平正義”,并判決其違反了人權(quán)法.

替換表達(dá)：aninsult/anoffencetosth

3-conformto

詞典釋義：conformUK

[k?n'f?：m]

US

[-'f?：rm]

verb

intransitive

■tobehaveaccordingtotheusualstandardsofbehaviour

whichareexpectedbyagrouporsociety

順從;遵從;隨大流,順應(yīng)習(xí)俗

?Atourschool,youwererequiredto

conform,and

therewasnoplacefororiginality.我們學(xué)校要求每個(gè)人循規(guī)蹈矩,容不得創(chuàng)新求變.

UK

[k?n'f?：m]

US

[-'f?：rm]

verb

intransitive

Phrasal

Verbs

conform

to/withsth

■toobeyaruleorreachthenecessarystatedstandard,ortodothingsinatraditionalway

遵守,遵照;符合,達(dá)到;依照

?Beforebuyingapram,makesurethatit

conforms

totheofficialsafetystandards.購(gòu)買嬰兒車之前,要確保它符合官方的安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn).?Membersmust

conformtoastrictdresscode.成員們必須遵守嚴(yán)格的衣著規(guī)定.

外刊例句：Thefilmisdrivenbytheverveofits

heroines.Societyexpectsthemto

conform

to

traditionalfamilyroles,promotedbytheinfluentialCatholicChurch.()該電影由其眾女主人公彰顯的活力為主題.社會(huì)希望她們可以更遵從天主教廣泛推崇的傳統(tǒng)家庭角色.

替換表達(dá)：follow/observe/practice/respectone’sowncustomsandvalues

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：abideby點(diǎn)評(píng)：abideby是指"遵守,遵照(法規(guī)、約定等)”,例如：Theyhavegottoabidebytherules.他們必須遵守規(guī)則.用abideby來(lái)搭配customs不妥.

Thosewhoopposetheculturalassimilationof

immigrantsarefirminthebeliefthattorequireotherstochangetheir

cultureisanaffronttopersonalfreedom.

[分析]本句的主干是Those…arefirminthebelief,這是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其中主語(yǔ)部分是Thosewhoopposetheculturalassimilationofimmigrants,這里由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾Those,主語(yǔ)之后,arefirm構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)(系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)).其后,是一個(gè)由in引導(dǎo)的介詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ),在這個(gè)狀語(yǔ)中包含了一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,作thebelief的同位語(yǔ).在同位語(yǔ)從句中,不定式torequireotherstochangetheirculture作主語(yǔ),isanaffront是復(fù)合謂語(yǔ),topersonalfreedom是狀語(yǔ).

3.對(duì)于移民來(lái)說(shuō),很重要的一點(diǎn)是不要將自己在文化上與當(dāng)?shù)孛癖姼綦x開來(lái).如果某一個(gè)特定的移民群體變得數(shù)量眾多,而且這些移民一點(diǎn)也不努力去適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕脑?他們很自然地會(huì)逐漸被視為外人,甚至有可能會(huì)遭到質(zhì)疑的眼光.Itisimportantforimmigrantsnotto

segregate

(1.分離,隔離)themselvesculturallyfromthelocalpopulace.Ifaparticulargroupofimmigrantsbecamenumerousandmadenoeffortto

adapttolocalculture(2.適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?,itisnaturalthattheywould

cometobeseenas

(3.逐漸被視為)outsiders,perhapseven

viewedwithsuspicion(4.遭到質(zhì)疑的眼光).

1-segregate

詞典釋義：segregate['seg.r?.ge?t]

verb

transitive

■tokeeponegroupofpeopleapartfromanotherandtreat

themdifferently,especiallybecauseofraceorsex

(尤指基于種族或性別原因)隔離并差別對(duì)待?a

segregated

school/society實(shí)行種族隔離的學(xué)校／社會(huì)?Blackswere

segregated

from

whitesineveryareaoflife.在生活中的各方各面,黑人和白人被隔離開.■tokeeponethingseparatefromanother

分離;分開?Thesystemswillhavetobeableto

segregate

clients'money

fromthefirm'sowncash.該系統(tǒng)必須能把委托人的錢和公司的現(xiàn)金分開.

外刊例句：Ifindividualsattendinganeventwishto

segregate

themselvesonavoluntary

basis,itisnotacceptableforothermembersoftheaudiencetocompelthem

tomix,andtodosomayconstituteharassment.

()若某一與會(huì)觀眾欲與他人相隔,則其他觀眾不得強(qiáng)迫其一同就坐,且若執(zhí)意如此則將被視為與騷擾無(wú)異.

替換表達(dá)：setapart/isolate/separate

2-adapttolocalculture詞典釋義：adapt

●●○○○1.VERB

動(dòng)詞

適應(yīng)

Ifyou

adaptto

anewsituationoradaptyourselfto

it,youchangeyourideasorbehaviourinordertodealwithit

successfully.?Theworldwillbedifferent,andwewillhavetobe

preparedto

adapt

tothechange...世界會(huì)變得不同,我們必須做好準(zhǔn)備以適應(yīng)其變化.?Theyhavehadtoadaptthemselvestoawareconomy.他們不得不適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì).

外刊例句：Ifsheistosalvageit,shemusttakethe

leadagain,spellingouthowGermanscanmakeWillkommenskulturwork—andhow

thenewcomersthemselvesmust

adaptto

basicEuropeanvalues.

()若她真想挽救它,就得再次走在各國(guó)前列,解析清楚德國(guó)是如何組織其歡迎文化工作的——以及那些新移民如何適應(yīng)歐洲的基本價(jià)值觀.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：accommodatethelocalculture點(diǎn)評(píng)：當(dāng)accommodate表示"適應(yīng),順應(yīng)(某事物)”時(shí),應(yīng)該使用搭配accommodate

tosomething,localculture在這里是泛指,前面的the應(yīng)該去掉,因此表達(dá)應(yīng)該改為：accommodatetolocal

culture

3-cometobeseenas

詞典釋義：10.

cometodosth

a.tobegintohaveafeelingoropinion開始認(rèn)為,開始覺得：?HecametothinkofItalyashishome.他開始把意大利看成自己的家了.?Icametobelievethathewasinnocentafterall.我開始相信他還是清白的.

cometodosomething

phrase

1.

tofinallyreachastateinwhichsomethinghappensoryoudosomething

Shehadcometoregardhimasoneofherfewrealfriends.

themanwhohadcometosymbolizetheFranco-Americanalliance

2.

todosomethingbychance

I’mjustexplainingtothemhowwecometobeinLiverpool.

see[si：]

(seeing,saw,

seen)verb

CONSIDER

考慮

IMPROVER

transitive

■toconsiderorthinkabout,especiallytothinkaboutsomeoneorsomethinginaparticular

way,ortoimaginesomeonedoingaparticularactivity

看待;認(rèn)為;考慮;想像?Shedidn't

see

herself

as

brave.她不認(rèn)為自己很勇敢.?Itwaseasyto

see

thegift

as

asort

ofbribe.這份禮物很容易被當(dāng)成是一種賄賂.

外刊例句：Justasphysicalexerciseisvitaltoa

desk-boundworkforce,somindfulnesswill

cometobeseenas

vitalfordealingwiththecomplexityofour

information-richlives.()就像運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉對(duì)長(zhǎng)期伏案工作的工作者而言十分重要一樣,小心謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)于應(yīng)對(duì)我們信息繁雜的日常生活也意義非凡.

替換表達(dá)：beseen/viewed/regardedas...overtime

4-(be)viewedwithsuspicion

詞典釋義：suspicion[s?'sp??.?n]

noun

DOUBT

懷疑

countable

or

uncountable

■doubtorlackof

trust

懷疑,疑心;不信任?Sincetheydiscoveredthetruthabouthisbackground,his

colleagueshaveregardedhimwith

suspicion.自從他的同事知道了他的真實(shí)背景,他們就不再信任他.?Theyfeelthatshe

harbours

(=has)

suspicions

of

theirpolitics.他們覺得她對(duì)他們的政見心存懷疑.

外刊例句：Russia'senergyfirms

areviewedwithsuspicion

astheytrytoexpandinformer

communistcountries.

()俄羅斯的能源公司向前蘇聯(lián)國(guó)家擴(kuò)張時(shí)飽受懷疑眼光.

替換表達(dá)：(be)viewedwithdistrust

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)encounterthespeciouseyesight點(diǎn)評(píng)：用詞不當(dāng),eyesight是指"視力”,沒有"……的眼光”這一層引申義.(2)sufferfromquestioningeyes點(diǎn)評(píng)：中式表達(dá),sufferfrom不能與questioningeyes搭配,這里可以改為beviewedwith

suspicion

4.一方面,很重要的一點(diǎn)是不能試圖強(qiáng)迫移民們?nèi)プ駨耐鈬?guó)文化,因?yàn)檫@是對(duì)基本自由的侵犯.完全的融合也會(huì)剝奪社會(huì)的多樣性,而這種多樣性能讓我們的生活更加有趣.另一方面,我們也要鼓勵(lì)移民去融入社區(qū).Ontheonehand,itisimportantthatthereisnoattempttoforceimmigrantstoconformto

analienculture(1.外國(guó)文化),asthatwouldbeaviolationofbasicfreedoms.Totalassimilationwouldalso

robsocietyof

(2.將……從社會(huì)剝奪出去)thediversitythatcanmakeourlivesmuchmoreinteresting.Ontheotherhand,itisworthencouragingimmigrantsto

integrateintothecommunity(3.融入社區(qū)).

1-analienculture

詞典釋義：alien['e?.li.?n]

adjective

■comingfromadifferentcountry,race,orgroup;foreign

外國(guó)的;異域的;異族的?an

alien

culture異域文化■strangeandnotfamiliar

怪異的;截然不同的;不熟悉的

?WhenIfirstwenttoNewYork,itallfeltvery

alien

to

me.我初到紐約的時(shí)候,覺得一切都非常陌生.[beforenoun]

■relatingtocreaturesfromanotherplanet

外星人(或生物)的?an

alien

spacecraft外星人飛船

['e?.li.?n]

noun

countable

legal

■aforeigner,usuallysomeonewholivesinacountryof

whichtheyarenotalegalcitizen

(通常指不是所在國(guó)公民的)外國(guó)人,外僑,僑民

?Whenwarbrokeoutthegovernmentroundedupthousandsof

aliens

andputthemintemporarycamps.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)時(shí),政府把數(shù)以千計(jì)的外國(guó)人集中在一起,關(guān)在臨時(shí)拘留營(yíng)中.

外刊例句：Itseemsobvious：ifThatcherthinkstheyare

analienculture,thenAlienKulture

iswhattheywillbe.

()這顯而易見：若撒切爾認(rèn)為他們是外國(guó)文化,那么他們將是"外星文化”.

替換表達(dá)：aforeignculture

2-robsocietyofsth

詞典釋義：robAofB2.VERB

動(dòng)詞

奪走;剝奪

Ifsomeone

isrobbedof

somethingthattheydeserve,have,orneed,itistakenawayfromthem.?WhenMilesDavisdied,jazzwas

robbedofitsmostdistinctivevoice...隨著邁爾斯·戴維斯的去世,爵士樂界失去了其最與眾不同的聲音.?Ican'tforgiveLewisfor

robbing

meofanOlympicgold.我不能原諒劉易斯奪走了我一塊奧運(yùn)會(huì)金牌.

外刊例句：Theirprotectionistdrivetoextendthelife

oftheircashcowiswhattherathermorerealisticDaveRowntreeofBlur

denouncedas"industrypressureto

rob

societyofitsinheritance.

()一心延續(xù)其搖錢樹生命力的保護(hù)主義勢(shì)頭,正如Blur樂隊(duì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)主義者戴夫·羅恩特里所斥的一樣,簡(jiǎn)直是"剝奪社會(huì)未來(lái)遺產(chǎn)的工業(yè)壓力”.

替換表達(dá)：depriveAofB,decrease/reducethediversity

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：deprivethediversityofthesociety點(diǎn)評(píng)：deprive的搭配應(yīng)該是deprivesomebodyofsomething,例如：Whyshouldyoudepriveyourselfofsuchsimplepleasures?你為什么連這種簡(jiǎn)單的娛樂也不讓自己享受一下呢?因此表達(dá)應(yīng)該改為deprivesocietyofthediversitythatcan…

3-integrateintothecommunity

詞典釋義：integrateUK

['?n.t?.gre?t]

US

[-t??-]

verb

intransitive

or

transitive

■tomixwithandjoinsocietyoragroupofpeople,often

changingtosuittheirwayoflife,habitsandcustoms

(使)融入(某社會(huì)或群體);(使)成為一體?Heseemstofinditdifficultto

integrate

socially.他似乎覺得很難與別人打成一片.?[R]It'sverydifficultto

integrate

your

self

into

asocietywhosecultureissodifferentfromyourown.讓自己融入一個(gè)文化上完全不同的社會(huì)是非常困難的.?Childrenareoftenverygoodat

integrating

into

anewculture.孩子通常很善于融入新的文化.

communityUK

[k?'mju：.n?.ti]

US

[-t?i]

noun

countable

[+sing/plverb]

ESSENTIAL

■thepeoplelivinginoneparticularareaorpeoplewho

areconsideredasaunitbecauseoftheircommoninterests,socialgroupor

nationality

社區(qū);群體;社團(tuán),團(tuán)體,界?He'swell-knowninthe

local

community.他在當(dāng)?shù)胤浅Ｂ劽??There'salarge

black/white/Jewish

community

livinginthisarea.在該地區(qū)有一個(gè)大的黑人／白人／猶太人社區(qū).?Herspeechcausedoutrageamongthe

gay

community.她的演說(shuō)激起了同性戀群體的憤怒.?Drugtraffickingisamatterofconsiderableconcernfor

theentire

international

community

(=allthecountriesofthe

world).販毒是整個(gè)國(guó)際社會(huì)都相當(dāng)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題.?There'sareal

senseof

community

(=caring

andfriendlyfeeling)inthisneig