（高考英語作文煉句）第30篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.出于對環(huán)境的考慮,那個(gè)在未開發(fā)地區(qū)開采油氣資源的倡議被駁回了.The

initiative

(1.提議)toexploitoilandgasresourcesin

untouchedareas(2.未開發(fā)地區(qū))hasbeenrejected

outofconsiderationfor

(3.出于對……的考慮)theenvironment.

1-initiative

詞典釋義：initiative

●●●○○1.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

積極的行動;倡議

An

initiative

isan

importantactorstatementthatisintendedtosolveaproblem.

【搭配模式】：usuwithsupp?Government

initiativestohelpyoungpeoplehavebeeninadequate...政府在積極幫助年輕人方面做得還不夠.?There'stalkofanewpeace

initiative.傳聞有可能提出新的和平倡議.

外刊例句：Instead,thestateSupremeCourtallowedtheoriginal

proponentsofthe

initiative

to

arguetheircaseinfederalappealscourt.

()相反,最高法院允許該倡議原來的支持者在聯(lián)邦上訴法庭作辯護(hù).

替換表達(dá)：proposal

2-untouchedareas

詞典釋義：untouched[?n't?t?t]

adjective

■notchangedorspoiltinanyway

未改變的;原封未動的;未受破壞的?Mostoftheeastcoastremainsmercifully

untouched

bytourism.幸運(yùn)的是,東海岸的大部分地區(qū)還沒受到旅游業(yè)的侵?jǐn)_.

外刊例句：Lastweekend,whenHodgmanflewintotheareaviaseaplane

toopenthehotel,heusedtheoccasiontoannounceadraftmanagementplan

allowingnewtourismventuresinpreviously

untouchedareas

ofTasmania’sworldheritagearea.

()霍奇曼于上周坐水上飛機(jī)到該地參加酒店開幕典禮,并趁機(jī)宣布了一份管理計(jì)劃草案,該計(jì)劃將允許游客進(jìn)入到塔斯馬尼亞世界遺跡的尚未開發(fā)地區(qū)進(jìn)行探險(xiǎn).

替換表達(dá)：undeveloped/untamedarea/land

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Intactareas點(diǎn)評：intact是指"完整的,未受損傷的”,例如：Thechurchwasdestroyedinthebombingbutthealtarsurvived

intact.教堂在轟炸中被毀,但神壇卻完好無損.Intact不可以用來指土地尚未開發(fā).(2)

Untappedland點(diǎn)評：untapped一般指資源、市場或天賦等未開發(fā)的,未利用的,例如：Olderpeopleareanuntappedresourceintheemploymentmarket.大齡人員是就業(yè)市場中未利用的資源.Untapped也不可以用來指土地尚未開發(fā).

3-outofconsiderationfor

詞典釋義：outofpreposition

BECAUSEOF

因?yàn)?/p>

ADVANCED

■usedtoshowthe

reasonwhysomeonedoessomething

出于,因?yàn)?/p>

?Itookthejoboutof

necessity

becausewehadno

moneyleft.我不得已接受了這份工作,因?yàn)槲覀儧]錢了.?Youmightliketocomeandseewhatwe'redoingoutof

interest

(=becauseIthinkyoumightbeinterested).你也許有興趣來看看我們在做甚么.

consideration

[k?n?s?d.?'re?.??n]

noun

CAREFUL

THINKING

仔細(xì)考慮

IMPROVER

uncountable

■whenyouthinkaboutsomethingcarefully

考慮,斟酌?Aftersome

consideration,we'vedecidedtosellthe

house.一番斟酌之后,我們決定賣掉房子.?Thewholematterneeds(tobegiven)

careful

consideration.整件事需要仔細(xì)考慮.

外刊例句："Thereprobablyisegoinvolved,butit'sthemessage

that'simportant.He'stakenhistimegettingbackin,

outofconsiderationfor

Dennis,"saysPat,somewhat

hopefully.

()帕特略帶希望地說："自尊心可能有所關(guān)聯(lián),但其傳遞的信息才是最重要的,他替丹尼斯著想,并重新回歸.”

替換表達(dá)：consideringsomething/onenvironmentgrounds/forthesakeof

Q：請問...的倡議是說theinitiativeto還是initiativeof?還是兩個(gè)都可以?遇到這樣的情況不知介詞of和to是否有區(qū)別.A：這里需要用theinitiativeto,關(guān)于介詞的使用,可以查詢詞典中單詞對應(yīng)的詞條.例如對于initiative這個(gè)單詞,我們在朗文詞典中看到：agovernment

initiativeto

helpexporters扶助出口商的政府計(jì)劃說明應(yīng)該用to,查詢到另外一條例句：Weshouldwelcome

theinitiativeof

theAdvisoryBoard

fortheResearchCouncilinlookingatquantitativemeasuresofresearch

output.說明不能用of,因?yàn)閠he

initiativeofsomebody/something是指"某人/某事提出的倡議”.

Q：untouched[notbeforenoun]aplacethatisuntouched

hasnotbeenaffectedbyhumanactivity：Therearefewforestedareasofthe

worldthatremainuntouchedbyhumans.查詞典,其并不能用于名詞前,為什么譯文還用untouchedareas這一表達(dá)?A：untouchedareas是一個(gè)固定說法,可以參考柯林斯詞典的解釋：

3.ADJ

形容詞世外桃源般的;不染塵囂的;天然質(zhì)樸的An

untouched

areaorplaceisthoughttobebeautiful

becauseitisstillinitsoriginalstateandhasnotbeenchangedordamaged

inanyway.2.政府通過宣布偷獵非法,限制土地開發(fā)以及設(shè)立野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)的方式來保護(hù)瀕危物種.

Thegovernmentprotects

endangeredspecies(1.瀕危物種)by

outlawing

(2.宣布……為非法)poaching(3.偷獵),restrictinglanddevelopmentandcreating

wildlifepreserves(4.野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)).

1-endangeredspecies

詞典釋義：endangered

UK

[?n'de?n.d??d]

US

[-d??d]

adjective

endangeredbirds/plants/species

■animalsorplantswhichmaysoonnotexistbecausethere

areveryfewnowalive

瀕危鳥類／植物／物種

外刊例句：All

haveonethingincommon：adesiretosave

endangeredspecies

fromextinction.()我們都有一個(gè)目標(biāo)：拯救瀕危動物.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

Endangered

animals點(diǎn)評：endangered

animals僅僅指"瀕危動物”,而"瀕危物種”不僅指動物,還有植物,這里應(yīng)該改為endangered

species

2-outlaw

詞典釋義：outlaw

●●○○○1.VERB

動詞

宣布…為非法;使成為非法

Whensomething

isoutlawed,it

ismadeillegal.

【語法信息】：beV-ed

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：V-ed?In1975gamblingwas

outlawed...1975年賭博被宣布為非法.

?TheGermangovernmenthas

outlawed

somefascistgroups.德國政府已經(jīng)宣布一些法西斯團(tuán)體為非法.

?...the

outlawedpoliticalparties.被宣布為非法的政黨

外刊例句：Thegovernmentshould

outlaw

brandedcigarettepackstodiscouragesmoking,researchfinds,assmokers

trainthemselvesnottoseehealthwarnings.()政府該禁止香煙商標(biāo)來減少市民吸煙,因?yàn)閾?jù)研究顯示,煙民會訓(xùn)練自己不去看那些包裝上的健康警告.

替換表達(dá)：make…illegal/illegalize

3-poaching

詞典釋義：poachUK

[p??t?]

US

[po?t?]

verb

TAKE

拿走

intransitive

or

transitive

■tocatchandkill

animalswithoutpermissiononsomeoneelse'sland

(侵入他人地界)偷獵,偷捕;盜獵?Thefarmerclaimedthatheshotthemenbecausetheywere

poaching

onhisland.農(nóng)場主人聲稱他開槍射殺那些人是因?yàn)樗麄兦秩胨牡亟缤但C.

外刊例句：His

governmenthasmadesomepubliceffortstofight

poaching

overthepastyear.()他治理下的政府在去年已盡力打擊偷獵現(xiàn)象,這是公眾有目共睹的.

4-wildlifepreserves

詞典釋義：wildlife

●●○○○1.N-UNCOUNT

不可數(shù)名詞

野生動物;野生物種

Youcanuse

wildlife

torefertotheanimalsandotherlivingthingsthatliveinthe

wild.?Peoplewereconcernedthatpetsor

wildlife

couldbeaffectedbythepesticides.人們擔(dān)心寵物或野生動物可能受到殺蟲劑影響.

preserve6.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

保護(hù)區(qū)

Anature

preserve

isan

areaoflandorwaterwhereanimalsareprotectedfromhunters.

【搭配模式】：ususuppN

【語域標(biāo)簽】：AM美?...Pantanal,oneoftheworld'sgreatwildlife

preserves.潘塔納爾,世界上最大的野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)之一

外刊例句：Rodriguessaidmoreanimalfencingwasneededat

wildlifepreserves

tocombatpoaching

andtheescapeofanimalsfromtheirnaturalhabitatafterbeingfrightened

bygunfire.

()羅德里格斯說,野生保護(hù)區(qū)還需要更多動物圍欄來抗擊偷獵,以及防止動物因?yàn)闃屄暿荏@而逃離自然棲息地.

替換表達(dá)：wildlifereserves

3.許多人強(qiáng)烈要求住宅區(qū)附近的高污染工廠要么搬離要么關(guān)停.

Manypeople

demand

(1.強(qiáng)烈要求)that

highpolluting

(2.高污染的)factoriesnear

residentialareas

(3.住宅區(qū))shouldeithermoveawayor

shutdown(4.關(guān)停).

1-demand注意demand之后的賓語從句,需要用虛擬語氣"(should)do”的形式.

詞典釋義：demandUK

[d?'mɑ：nd]

US

[-'m?nd]

verb

transitive

REQUEST

要求

ESSENTIAL

■toaskforsomethingforcefully,inawaythatshowsthat

youdonotexpecttoberefused

堅(jiān)決請求,強(qiáng)烈要求;強(qiáng)要

?I

demanded

anexplanation.我要求給我一個(gè)解釋.?Thecarworkers'unionis

demanding

a7%payrise

thisyear.汽車工會要求今年加薪7%.?Hehasalways

demanded

thehigheststandardsof

behaviour

from

hischildren.他總是以最高的行為準(zhǔn)則來要求自己的孩子.?[+speech]"Andwheredoyouthinkyou're

going?"

demanded

thepoliceofficer."你覺得自己在往哪里去?”員警問道.?[+

to

infinitive]I

demand

to

seethe

manager.我要求見經(jīng)理.?[+

that]She

demanded

that

hereturn

thebooksheborrowedfromher.她要求他把從她那里借走的書還回來.

外刊例句：Thousandsofpeopleprotestonlineagainstthefestivaland

demand

thatdogmeatbemade

illegal.

()數(shù)千人在網(wǎng)上抗議此節(jié)日,并呼吁制定法律禁止吃狗肉.

替換表達(dá)：require/callfor

2-highpolluting

詞典釋義：pollutingAdjective[\o"Editsection：Adjective"edit]polluting

(\o"Appendix：Glossary"comparative

\o"more"more

polluting,

\o"Appendix：Glossary"superlative

\o"most"most

polluting)Adaptedortendingto

\o"pollute"pollute;causing

\o"defilement"defilement

or

\o"pollution"pollution.

外刊例句：Driversof

high-polluting

carsalreadyfacea￡25congestionchargeinLondonifKenLivingstoneis

re-electedasMayor,whilesomeLondonboroughsareintroducingmoreexpensive

residents'parkingpermitsforBandGcars-movesthatarelikelytospread

nationwide.

()若肯·利文斯頓再度當(dāng)選市長,倫敦的高污染汽車司機(jī)將面臨25英鎊的交通堵塞罰款,而某些倫敦自治區(qū)正引進(jìn)更多高昂的市民停車位給B和G汽車使用——此舉措似像向全國鋪開.

替換表達(dá)：causingseriouspollution

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)polluted點(diǎn)評：polluted含義是"受污染的”,例如：Theproject'saimistocleanuppollutedland.該項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是整治受污染的土地.Polluted不能用來指某事物具有污染性.

3-residentialareas

詞典釋義：residential

[?rez.?'den.t??l]

adjective

IMPROVER

■Aresidentialroad,area,etc.hasonlyprivatehouses,

notofficesandfactories.

居民區(qū)的

■Aresidentialjob,position,course,etc.isonefor

whichyouliveatthesameplacewhereyouworkorstudy.

(為工作或?qū)W習(xí)而)在某處居住的,寄宿的,住宿在任所的

外刊例句：Hecalculatesthatonly16%ofthelandinnew

residentialareas

developedsince

1990hasbeensetasideforroads—abouthalfasmuchasplannersthink

necessary.()在他的計(jì)算里,僅16%在90年代以來開發(fā)的新居民住房用地已經(jīng)為修路讓道——而計(jì)劃者認(rèn)為約一半用地需要為修路讓道.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

uptown點(diǎn)評：uptown是一個(gè)副詞或形容詞,含義是"往城鎮(zhèn)的非商業(yè)區(qū)的”,例如：HerodeuptownandmadehiswaytoBob'sapartment.他乘車前往城外鮑勃的公寓.Uptown用在此處不合適.(2)

accommodation

areas點(diǎn)評：沒有accommodation

areas的說法,這里應(yīng)該改為residentialareas

4-shutdown

詞典釋義：shutdown1.PHRASAL

VERB-ERG

See

also：

shutdown;

(使)(工廠、公司等)關(guān)閉,歇業(yè),停業(yè)

Ifafactoryorbusiness

shutsdown

orifsomeone

shuts

it

down,workthere

stopsoritnolongertradesasabusiness.

【語法信息】：VP

【語法信息】：VPn(notpron)

【語法信息】：VnP?Smallercontractorshadbeenforcedto

shutdown...規(guī)模較小的承包商已被迫歇業(yè).?Itisrequiredbylawto

shutdown

bankswhichitregardsaschronicallyshortofcapital...法律規(guī)定資金長期短缺的銀行必須關(guān)閉.?MrBuzettasoldthenewspaper'sassetstoitscompetitor

andshutitdown.布茲塔先生將報(bào)社資產(chǎn)賣給了競爭對手然后關(guān)門了事.

外刊例句：ABritishresearchstationonaniceshelfinAntarcticais

being

shutdown

overthesouthern

hemispherewinterbecauseoffearsitcouldfloatoffonaniceberg.()一個(gè)位于在南極冰塊上的英國研究所將在南半球冬季期間關(guān)閉,因?yàn)楹ε缕鋾〉奖采?

替換表達(dá)：closedown

Q：如何辨析"demand”和"require”的用法?A：當(dāng)兩者都是動詞時(shí),demand和require都有"要求”的意思,但demand表達(dá)的語氣更加強(qiáng)烈,有"強(qiáng)烈要求”的含義.

4.政府能夠采取各種各樣的措施來阻止或者至少減緩氣候變化.政府可以出臺法律去限制造成全球變暖的二氧化碳排放.他們可以對司機(jī)、航空公司和其他污染者征收環(huán)保稅.Therearevariousmeasuresthatgovernmentsandindividualscouldtaketoprevent,oratleast

mitigate(1.減緩),climatechange.Governmentscould

introducelaws(2.出臺法律)tolimitthecarbondioxideemissionsthatleadtoglobalwarming.Theycould

imposegreentaxeson

(3.對……征收環(huán)保稅)drivers,airlinecompaniesandotherpolluters.

1-mitigate

詞典釋義：mitigateUK

['m?t.?.ge?t]

US

['m?t?-]

formal

verb

transitive

■tomakesomethinglessharmful,unpleasantorbad

使緩和;減輕(危害等)?Itisunclearhowto

mitigate

theeffects

of

tourismontheisland.人們還不清楚如何減低旅游業(yè)對這個(gè)島嶼的影響.

外刊例句：Sinceclimatechangewasidentifiedasaseriousthreatto

theplanet,Europehasbeeninthevanguardoftheeffortto

mitigate

it.

()歐盟自氣候變化已經(jīng)證實(shí)為地球的嚴(yán)重威脅以來,一直走在減緩其影響的前沿.

替換表達(dá)：lessen/soften

2-introducelaws

詞典釋義：introduce

●●●●○1.VERB

動詞

引進(jìn);首次引入;推行

To

introduce

somethingmeanstocauseittoenteraplaceorexistinasystem

forthefirsttime.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：Vninto/ton

【語法信息】：beV-edinto/ton?TheGovernmenthas

introduced

anumberofothermoney-savingmoves...政府已經(jīng)采取了其他一些省錢的舉措.

?Ikeptthebirdsindoorsallwinterand

introducedthemintoanaviarythefollowingJune...整個(gè)冬天我把鳥關(guān)在室內(nèi),然后在接下來的6月份把它們放入鳥類飼養(yǎng)場飼養(yǎng).?Theword'Pagoda'was

introduced

toEuropebythe17thcenturyPortuguese.Pagoda

這個(gè)詞由17世紀(jì)的葡萄牙人引入歐洲.

外刊例句：Bycontrast,theEuropeanCommission’scyber-security

strategyisatanearlierstage.Itwantsmembercountriesto

introducelaws

compellingimportant

firmsinindustriessuchastransport,telecoms,financeandonline

infrastructure