高中語法定語從句 課件-高三上學(xué)期英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

TheAttributiveClause

定語從句

LearningObjectives:1.LanguageabilityTolearnthedefinitionandstructureofattributiveclauseandmastertheusageofrelativepronounsandadverbs.2.LearningabilityTofurtherimprovetheabilitytomakeattributiveclauses.3.Culturalawareness

Tohavegoodqualitesofself-confidenceandself-improvement.4.Thinkingquality

TohelpstudentsimprovetheircompetenceofcooperationandbuilduptheirconfidenceinlearningAC.1.什么是定語？

Maryisabeautifulgirl.

2.什么是定語從句？Maryis

ateacher

who

iskindandclever.語法感知：（形容詞作定語）先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句1.定語：對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子。（的）2.定語從句：在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的句子，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系代詞（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）一.基本概念Whataredefiningandnon-definingclauses（什么是限制性與非限制性定語從句)?3.分類：分為限制性定語從句（Restrictiveattributiveclause）和非限制性定語從句（Non-Restrictiveattributiveclause），漢語中常譯為“……的”。限制性定語從句:1.與先行詞關(guān)系密切；2.其前不用逗號(hào)；3.可用that非限制性定語從句：1.與先行詞關(guān)系疏松，起補(bǔ)充說明的作用；2.前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開;3.不可用thatCompare：1.Ihaveabrotherwho/thatisasoldier.（不止一個(gè)）2.Ihaveabrother,whoisasoldier.（只有一個(gè)）

關(guān)系代詞（who/whom/whose/which/that/as）1.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why）

二.定語從句的關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的作用Maryisateacherwhoiskindandclever.該句中，____________________是定語從句，修飾先行詞_________，

是關(guān)系詞，代替先行詞

（連接定語從句和主句），并作從句的______。關(guān)系詞作用：引導(dǎo)定語從句；代替先行詞；充當(dāng)主要成分。whoiskindandcleverateacher主語whoateacher1.

Heisaboywholikesbeautifulgirls.2.Thisisadogwhichlikeseatingmeat.3.IknowtheboywhomtheEnglishteacherlikes.4.Xi’anisagoodplacewhosefoodisdelicious.5.Thesearethestudentsthatwonthefirstprizelastyear.6.Thisistheappletreethatwasplantedlastyear.7.IrememberthatgirlwhoseEnglishisquitegood.A.關(guān)系代詞：先行詞是人還是物？先行詞是人1.

Heisaboywholikesbeautifulgirls.3.Iknowtheboywhom

theEnglishteacherlikes.5.Thesearethestudentsthatwonthefirstprizelastyear.7.IrememberthatgirlwhoseEnglishisquitegood.先行詞是物2.Thisisadogwhichlikeseatingmeat.4.Xi‘a(chǎn)nisagoodplacewhosefoodsisdelicious.6.Thisistheappletreethatwasplantedlastyear.

先行詞是人：who/whom/whose/that/as

先行詞是物：

which/whose/that/as先行詞可人可物B.關(guān)系代詞的指代Themanwho

isspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.（作主語）C.關(guān)系代詞的具體用法1.who指人，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.Thegirlisasinger.Theymetthegirlinthestreet.Thegirlwho/不填theymetinthestreetisasinger.（作賓語）Thegirlwhom/不填theymetinthestreetisasinger.（作賓語）2.whom指人，在從句中作賓語，可省略Thegirlisasinger.Theymetthegirlinthestreet.Thehandsomemanthat/whom/who/不填

theysawyesterdaymorningisascientist.（作賓語）3.

that指人或物，在從句中作主語或賓語（作賓語可省略）Thehandsome

manisascientist.Theysawahandsomeman

yesterdaymorning.注意：that指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom;指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which。Doyoustilrememberthefarmthat/which/不填wevisitedthreemonthsago?（指物：它的）4.whose指人或物，在從句中作定語I

know

theboy.Theboy’sfatherisabusinessman.I

know

theboywhosefatherisabusinessman.（指人:他的）Mary

hasabook.Thebook’scoverisyellow.Mary

hasabookwhosecoverisyellow.Thisisabasketballwhich/thatwasusedbyYaoMing.

5.which指物，在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語時(shí)可省略Thisisabasketball.Thebasketball

wasusedbyYaoMing.（作主語）I

likethebook.Youboughtthebookyesterday.I

likethebookwhich/that/不填youboughtyesterday.

（作賓語）6.as指人或物，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語A.常用在thesame...as...,such...as...等結(jié)構(gòu)中

I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.注意：當(dāng)先行詞被thesame修飾時(shí),也可用that引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)指同一物,而不是同一類。ThisisthesamebikethatIlosttwomonthsago.同一輛自行車ThisisthesamebikeasIlosttwomonthsago.同類的自行車B.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。Asweallknow,sheisastubborngirl.（正如我們所知）Mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutthegoodolddays,asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople.（情況常常是這樣）其他常用的固定表達(dá)：asiswellknown眾所周知asyousee如你所見asweexpect正如我們所料asis/wasexpected正如預(yù)料的那樣

關(guān)系代詞用法：關(guān)系代詞指代所作成分是否可省略whowhomwhosethatwhich人主語、賓語、表語作賓語可省人賓語作賓語可省人或物定語不可省人或物主語、賓語、表語作賓語可省物作賓語可省主語、賓語、表語口訣：先看先行詞，辨清人和物

后看從句里，有無主賓語首先，要看先行詞。如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞可用

who、that、whom、whose。如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞可用which、whose或that。然后，要確定關(guān)系代詞在從句中的成分（主賓表）。關(guān)系代詞判斷步驟：注意：在非限制性定語從句中，whose通?？捎胻he+n.+of+whom/which或者ofwhom/whichthe+n.改寫下面句子：MissKing,whoselegswerebadlyhurt,wassenttothehospital.MissKing,thelegsofwhom/ofwhomthelegswerebadlyhurt,wassenttothehospital.（指原因，作狀語）2.關(guān)系副詞（when/where/why=介詞+which）Couldyourememberthetimewhenthetrainleft?（指時(shí)間，作狀語）Thisisthefactorywheremyfatherworks.（指地點(diǎn)，作狀語）Doyouknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool?關(guān)系副詞所作成分先行詞whenwherewhy時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)狀語原因狀語place/house/city…time/day/month/year…reason關(guān)系副詞用法：A.當(dāng)先行詞為all,everything,nothing,anything,little,much等不定代詞或先行詞被這些詞修飾時(shí)。B.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或先行詞被這些詞修飾時(shí)。C.當(dāng)先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。D.當(dāng)先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時(shí)。一、只用關(guān)系代詞that不用which的情況：1.Allthatcostsyouistimeandeffort.2.Theparksarethecleanestparksthatyoucanimagine.3.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedinschool.4.Chattingwastheonlythingthatinterestedhermost.A.關(guān)系代詞作介詞（短語）的賓語，且指事或物時(shí)。B.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。C.在限制性定語從句中，如果有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中前一句的關(guān)系代詞是that,那么后一句的關(guān)系代詞就要用which。

二、只用關(guān)系代詞which不用that的情況：1.ThisisthecompanyinwhichIusedtowork.2.Theirteamlostthegame,

whichdisappointedthemgreatly.3.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichw