2025版新教材高中英語Unit1ScienceandScientists課時(shí)作業(yè)四ComprehensiveTestforUnit1新人教版選擇性必修第二冊

課時(shí)作業(yè)(四)ComprehensiveTestforUnit1Ⅰ.閱讀理解閱讀下列材料，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IfplastichadbeeninventedwhenthePilgrimssailedfromPlymouth,England,toNorthAmerica—andtheirMayflowerhadbeenstockedwithbottledwaterandplastic-wrappedsnacks,theirplasticwastewouldlikelystillbearoundfourcenturieslater.Atlanticwavesandsunlightwouldhavewornallthatplasticintotinybits.Andthosebitsmightstillbefloatingaroundtheworld'soceanstoday,waitingtobeeatenbysomefishoroyster,andfinallyperhapsbyoneofus.Becauseplasticwasn'tinventeduntilthelate19thcentury,anditsproductiononlyreallytookoffaround1950,wehaveamere9.2billiontonsofthestufftodealwith.Ofthat,morethan6.9billiontonshavebecomewaste.Andofthatwaste,asurprising6.3billiontonsnevermadeittoarecyclingbin—thefigurethatshockedthescientistswhopublishedthenumbersin2017.Nooneknowshowmuchunrecycledplasticwasteendsupintheocean,theearth'slastsink.In2015,JennaJambeck,aUniversityofGeorgiaengineeringprofessor,caughteveryone'sattentionwitharoughestimate:between5.3millionand14milliontonsofplasticwasteeachyearjustcomefromcoastalregions.Meanwhile,oceanplasticisestimatedtokillmillionsofmarine(海洋的)animalseveryyear.Nearly700species,includingendangeredones,areknowntohavebeenaffectedbyit.Someareharmedvisibly,stuckbyabandonedthingsmadeofplastic.Manymoreareprobablyharmedinvisibly.Marinespeciesofallsizes,fromzooplanktontowhales,noweatmicroplastics,thebitssmallerthanone-fifthofaninchacross.“Thisisn'taproblemwherewedon'tknowwhatthesolutionis，”saysTedSiegler,aVermontresourceeconomistwhohasspentmorethan25yearsworkingwithdevelopingnationsongarbage.“Weknowhowtopickupgarbage.Anyonecandoit.Weknowhowtodealwithit.Weknowhowtorecycle.”It'samatterofbuildingthenecessaryinstitutionsandsystems,hesays,ideallybeforetheoceanturnsintoathinsoupofplastic.1．WhydoestheauthormentionthePilgrimsinParagraph1?A．Toproveplasticwasdifficulttoinvent.B．Tointroducewhatmarineanimalslikeeating.C．TotellthePilgrimscontributedalottothemarineprotection.D．Toshowplasticwastehasalastingeffectontheocean.2．What'sthemaintroublemarineanimalsfaceaccordingtothetext?A．Lackingprotection.B．Beingstuckbyplastics.C．Beingcaughtbyhumans.D．Treatingplasticsasfood.3．WhatdoesTedSieglerwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?A．Somepeopledon'tknowthesolutionofplasticswaste.B．Plasticswillturntheoceanintoasoupofplastic.C．It'stimetotakemeasurestodealwithplasticwaste.D．Peopleshouldavoidusingplasticstoprotecttheocean.4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Abiologytextbook.B．Atravelbrochure.C．Anenvironmentalreport.D．Alifestylemagazine.Ⅱ.閱讀七選五閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Onaverage5to20percentofthepopulationintheU．S.getstheflueachyear.Thebestwaytopreventgettingthefluisbygettingaseasonalfluvaccination(接種疫苗)eachyear.__1__，unlessyouareallergictoeggsoranyingredientinthevaccine.Soifyou'reconsideringatriptoyourdoctorforaflushot,herearefourthingstoknow：?__2__Afluvaccineisnot100percentsafeandeffective,butit'sclosetoit.Thefluvaccinesareamongthesafestmedicalproductsinuse,andtheriskofaflushotdoingyouanyharmisextremelysmall.Mostpeoplehavenoproblemwithit.Anormalreactionmayincludesoreness(難受),rednessorswellingattheinjectionsite.Youmayhaveasmallfever.Likeanymedicine,theremaybeariskofallergicreaction.?Thenasalspray(鼻用噴劑)isn'tavailableWithapologiestothoseafraidofneedles,thenasalsprayversionofthefluvaccineisnotrecommended.Thenasalsprayoptionfrompreviousyearswon'tbeanoptionforthe2017-2024fluseasons,__3__．?AgoodmoodmaymaketheshotmoreeffectiveAnewstudyfoundthathavingapositivemoodmayincreasetheeffectivenessofthefluvaccinemoresothandiet,sleepandexercise.__4__.Participantswhoreportedbeinginapleasantmoodhadhigherlevelsofantibodiesaftergettingtheshot.?TherearehumanereasonstogettheflushotProtectingoneselfisanaltruistic(利他的)act.__5__.So,isitinyourbestinteresttogetthefluvaccine,regardlessifasuperbugisheadedourway?A．TherisksareminimalB．a(chǎn)sithasproventobelesseffectiveC．Flu-relatedillnessescosttheU．S.$90billionayearD．Itisrecommendedthateveryone6monthsandoldergetaflushotE．wehaveacheapandeffectivewayofprotectingourselveswiththefluvaccineF．ResearchersmeasuredtheamountoffluantibodiestheyproducedaftertheshotG．Bygettingvaccinated,younotonlyprotectyourself,butyouprotectthosearoundyouaswellⅢ.完形填空閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thesquirrel,Bella,hadaroughstarttolife.Attheageoffourweeksold,anowl(貓頭鷹)had__1__andbadlywoundedher.Bellastoodno__2__ofsurvivingherwoundsinthewild.__3__RubyHarrisontookherhome.RubynotonlygaveBellaahome,buta__4__withthreeotheradoptedsquirrels.Theygrewstrong,butRubydidn'tdomesticate(馴養(yǎng))anyofthesquirrels.“Theyarepartofthe__5__ratherthanapet，”shesaid.ItwastimetosaygoodbyeinApril2009.Rubysawthem__6__intothetreesandneverexpectedtoseethemoften.Then,initially,theotherthreecamebackfora__7__onceandstoppedcomingby,butBellawas__8__.Sheseemedtohaveastrong__9__withtheHarrisonsthatkepthervisitingalmostdaily.Inthepasttenyearssinceherrelease,it'snotjustRubyherselfwhogetsBella's__10__.“Bellasitsrightatthefrontdoortolookinforsomeone's__11__.”Rubydescribed,“Myhusbandrushesoutofthedoortobe__12__andhappilyrunsbackinsidetothebigbowlofnutsforher.”Moreamazingly,thisspringcamewitha(n)__13__.Bellacameroundagainwithher__14__family,withherthreebabies__15__someonetonotice.1．A.approachedB．a(chǎn)ttackedC．followedD．a(chǎn)dvanced2．A.riskB．testC．chanceD．use3．A.SuddenlyB．ClearlyC．StrangelyD．Luckily4．A.familyB．seriesC．hospitalD．location5．A.parkB．wildC．yardD．earth6．A.lookB．breakC．escapeD．disappear7．A.treatB．pityC．praiseD．rest8．A.normalB．traditionalC．differentD．extraordinary9．A.tasteB．connectionC．touchD．smell10．A.sightB．reachC．companyD．observation11．A.attentionB．permissionC．respectD．interest12．A.foundB．greetedC．passedD．lifted13．A.surpriseB．eventC．groupD．story14．A.amusingB．invitedC．interestingD．extended15．A.afraidofB．forcingC．waitingforD．a(chǎn)pplyingforⅣ.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TranslatedfictionsalesintheUnitedKingdom1.________(rise)by5.5percentlastyear,withgrowingdemandforChinesetitles,saidNielsenBookonWednesday.BritishnewspaperTheGuardianfeaturedLiuCixin'sTheThree-BodyProblemandJinYong'sAHeroBorninitsreportonthistrend,2.________(say)thatboth“soldstrongly”in2024.Theresearch,bytheInternationalBookerPrize(formerlyknownastheManBookerInternationalPrize),showsmorethan2.6million3.________(copy)oftranslatedtitles4.________(sell)in2024,atanestimatedvalueof￡20.7million,thehighesteversinceNielsenstartedthestudyin2001.FiammettaRocco,fromtheInternationalBookerPrize,said,“Readingfictionisoneofthebestwayswehaveofputting5.________(we)inotherpeople'sshoes.Theriseinsalesoftranslatedfictionshows6.________hungrysomanyBritishreadersareforterrificwritingfromothercountries.”ToAnnaHolmwood,7.________newsisasignalthat“anewerahasarrived”.Holmwood,whotranslatedAHeroBorn,toldChinaDaily,“It'sabigmoment8.________Chinesefictionabroad.”Holmwoodhasworkedasaliteraryagentand9.________(translate)fornineyears,andhasseenfirst-handhowChinesetitlescontinuetogainagreateraudienceworldwide,10.________(particular)intheEnglish-speakingworld.Ⅴ.書面表達(dá)假定你是李華，你的美國摯友John發(fā)來郵件，提到他對(duì)中國取得的科技成就感到無比敬佩，想了解一些中國科學(xué)家的事跡。請你用英語給他寫一封郵件，向他介紹一位你最喜愛的中國科學(xué)家，內(nèi)容包括：1．簡介；2．主要成就。留意：1．詞數(shù)80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJohn，________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours，LiHua課時(shí)作業(yè)(四)ComprehensiveTestforUnit1Ⅰ.閱讀理解【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。如今塑料垃圾已經(jīng)嚴(yán)峻污染了我們的環(huán)境，尤其是海洋環(huán)境，人類應(yīng)當(dāng)實(shí)行措施變更這一現(xiàn)狀。1．答案與解析：D推斷推理題。作者在第一段提到假如最初的移民者向北美大陸進(jìn)發(fā)時(shí)就攜有塑料的話，那么這些塑料垃圾有可能被遺留到今日，這說明塑料垃圾對(duì)海洋有著深遠(yuǎn)長久的影響。2．答案與解析：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段最終兩句話內(nèi)容可知，許多海洋生物把塑料垃圾當(dāng)成了食物。3．答案與解析：C推斷推理題。依據(jù)最終一段TedSiegler提到的內(nèi)容，雖然我們都知道怎么去應(yīng)對(duì)海洋垃圾問題，但是我們要付出實(shí)際行動(dòng)，例如，我們要建立必要的制度和體系等。4．答案與解析：C文章出處題。本篇文章是關(guān)于海洋垃圾和海洋生物愛護(hù)的，最有可能出現(xiàn)在環(huán)境報(bào)告中，故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。流感危害極大，最好的方法就是接種疫苗。本文介紹了關(guān)于流感疫苗的一些小學(xué)問。1．答案與解析：D依據(jù)下文unlessyouareallergictoeggsoranyingredientinthevaccine可知其意為：除非你對(duì)雞蛋或疫苗的成分過敏。其言外之意就是建議人們進(jìn)行接種防疫。故選D項(xiàng)。2．答案與解析：A依據(jù)下文Thefluvaccinesareamongthesafestmedicalproductsinuse,andtheriskofaflushotdoingyouanyharmisextremelysmall可知，流感疫苗是特別平安的，副作用微小。A選項(xiàng)能夠概括本段的主要內(nèi)容。3．答案與解析：B依據(jù)前文Thenasalsprayoptionfrompreviousyearswon'tbeanoptionforthe2017-2024fluseasons可知，鼻腔噴劑將在2017-2024年度棄用，這與B選項(xiàng)能夠構(gòu)成因果關(guān)系。4．答案與解析：F下文中的higherlevelsofantibodies與F選項(xiàng)中的measuredtheamountoffluantibodies信息呼應(yīng)。5．答案與解析：G依據(jù)前文Protectingoneselfisanaltruisticact可知，接種疫苗也是一種利他行為，這與G選項(xiàng)構(gòu)成同義轉(zhuǎn)述。Ⅲ.完形填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。松鼠貝拉被魯比·哈里森帶回家后得到了很好的照看。魯比不僅給了貝拉一個(gè)家，還和其他三只被收養(yǎng)的松鼠住在一起。幾只松鼠最終被放養(yǎng)之后，貝拉幾乎每天都會(huì)來探望魯比和她的家人。1．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容“badlywoundedher”可知，前面應(yīng)當(dāng)是表示“一只貓頭鷹攻擊/攻擊了她”。結(jié)合常識(shí)可知此處表示因果關(guān)系。approach靠近；attack攻擊；follow跟隨，聽懂；advance前進(jìn)。2．答案與解析：C考查名詞。standnochanceof意為“沒有．.....的機(jī)會(huì)”。這里表示“貝拉在野外受了傷，根本不行能活下來?！?．答案與解析：D考查副詞。不過幸運(yùn)的是，魯比把她帶回了家。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容的描述可知，是魯比救了貝拉，那確定是“幸運(yùn)的事情”。4．答案與解析：A考查名詞。句意：魯比不僅給了貝拉一個(gè)居所，而且還給了她一個(gè)由另外三只收養(yǎng)的松鼠組成的家庭。series系列；hospital醫(yī)院；location位置，均不符合語境內(nèi)容。5．答案與解析：B考查名詞。結(jié)合上下文的表述可知，這里指的是他們長得很快，不過魯比并沒有馴養(yǎng)它們。她說，“它們是野生動(dòng)物的一部分，而不是寵物”。結(jié)合句意可知wild符合題意。6．答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞。依據(jù)上一句“Itwastimetosaygoodbye”可知，這里是在描述魯比把幾只松鼠放歸大自然的事。disappear意為“消逝”，與上一句話內(nèi)容相符。7．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞。句意：魯比看到它們消逝在樹林里，從沒想過會(huì)常常見到他們。然后，一起先，其他三個(gè)回來吃了一次食，不再來了，但貝拉是不同的。treat請客；款待；pity缺憾；praise表揚(yáng)；rest休息。結(jié)合句意可知A項(xiàng)正確。8．答案與解析：C考查形容詞。結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，幾乎貝拉每天都要來到魯比居處，由此可知，貝拉是與其它三只松鼠有所不同的(different)。9．答案與解析：B考查名詞。正是因?yàn)樨惱c魯比之間有著很深厚/劇烈的感情(astrongconnection)，所以貝拉才常?；貋硖酵敱?。據(jù)此可知B項(xiàng)正確。10．答案與解析：C考查名詞。句意：在過去的十年里，不僅僅是魯比自己得到了貝拉的陪伴?！柏惱妥谇伴T引起他人的留意?！濒敱让枋龅?，“我丈夫從門口沖出來迎接她，然后興奮地跑回屋里給她拿一大碗堅(jiān)果?！眘ight視力；景象；眼界；reach范圍；延長；company陪伴；observation視察。結(jié)合句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。11．答案與解析：A考查名詞。句看法上一題。attention留意(力)；permission許可；respect敬重；interest愛好愛好。結(jié)合句意及下文對(duì)魯比丈夫的描述可知A項(xiàng)正確。12．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞。find發(fā)覺；greet迎接，歡迎；pass穿過，通過；lift提起，提高。此處表示“丈夫被歡迎/迎接”之意。13．答案與解析：A考查名詞。結(jié)合下一句“Bellacameroundagainwithher________family.”可知，更加令人感到驚喜的是，貝拉這個(gè)春天來的時(shí)候帶著她的大家庭。14．答案與解析：D考查形容詞。extendedfamily意為“大家庭/數(shù)代同堂的大家庭”，結(jié)合空后的內(nèi)容“withherthreebabies...”可知答案。15．答案與解析：C考查動(dòng)詞(短語)辨析。afraidof膽怯 ；force逼迫；waitfor等待；applyfor申請。句意：貝拉帶著她的大家庭又來了，她的三個(gè)孩子正等著有人來留意/關(guān)注。結(jié)合句意可知C項(xiàng)正確。Ⅳ.語法填空【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在英國翻譯小說銷量上升，對(duì)中國小說需求增大。1．答案與解析：rose考查時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)空后的“l(fā)astyear”可知，此處描述的是發(fā)生在過去的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填rose。2．答案與解析：saying考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處作伴隨狀語，say和句子主語為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故填現(xiàn)在分詞形式saying。3．答案與解析：copies考查名詞的數(shù)。copy此處意為“一冊”，為可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)空前