1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨課件

TheBonesofLimbs附肢骨

LiuRui劉睿DepartmentofAnatomy1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨目的和要求

1.掌握上肢帶骨、自由上肢骨、下肢帶骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形態(tài)及上、下肢骨的重要體表標(biāo)志。2.了解腕骨、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Theappendicularskeleton(附肢骨）thebriefintroductionIncludesthebonesofupperlimbsandlowerlimbs.Becauseoftheerectstanding,theupperlimbsarefreeandadaptedforthepurposeofprehension,whilethelowerlimbsarespecializedforlocomotion,bearingweight,andmaintainingequilibrium.Sothebonesoflowerlimbaremoremassivethanthoseofupperlimb.1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Ⅰ

BonesofupperlimbComposition:Shouldergirdleclavicle鎖骨

scapula肩胛骨Bonesoffreeupperlimbhumerus肱骨

ulna尺骨radius橈骨

bonesofhand手骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Towcurves:“S”shaped,medial2/3convexforwardandlateral1/3convexbackward.Towends:

sternalend胸骨端

acromialend肩峰端Ⅰ）Shouldergirdle上肢帶骨ⅰ

Clavicle鎖骨Locatedattheupperandanteriorpartofthethorax

1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨(inferiorview)(superiorview)1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅱScapula

肩胛骨Position:

Ontheposterolateralofthethoraxbetweenthesecondandseventhribs.1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅱScapula

肩胛骨

Twosurfaces

Anteriorsurface:

subscapularfossa肩胛下窩Posteriorsurface:

spineofscapula肩胛岡

supraspinousfossa岡上窩

infraspinousfossa岡下窩

acromion肩峰Twosurfaces,threeborders,andthreeangles.1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ThreebordersSuperiorborder上緣

Medialborder內(nèi)側(cè)緣Lateralborder外側(cè)緣1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Superiorborder:

scapularnotch肩胛切跡

coracoidprocess喙突1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Superior:oppositetothe2ndribInferior:oppositetothe7thribor7thintercostalsspaceLateral:glenoidcavity關(guān)節(jié)盂

supra-andinfraglenoidtubercles

盂上、下結(jié)節(jié)Threeangles:SuperiorInferiorLateral1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Rightscapula.Lateralsurfaceglenoidcavityinfraglenoidtuberclesupraglenoidtubercle1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Ⅱ）Bonesoffreeupperlimb

ⅰThehumerus肱骨Positionofhumeru1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨anteriorviewposteriorview

Upperend:

headofhumerus肱骨頭

anatomicalneck解剖頸

greatertubercle大結(jié)節(jié)

Lessertubercle小結(jié)節(jié)

surgicalneck外科頸ⅰThehumerus肱骨Itconsistsofabodyandtwoends1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨anteriorviewposteriorviewShaft（thebody）:

deltoidtuberosity

三角肌粗隆

sulcusforradialnerve

橈神經(jīng)溝

(肱骨中斷骨折容易傷及橈神經(jīng)引起垂腕)1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Capitulumofhumerus肱骨小頭Trochleaofhumerus肱骨滑車radialfossa橈窩

coronoidfossa冠突窩olecranonfossa鷹嘴窩Lowerend:medialandlateral

epicondyles內(nèi)、外上髁

sulcusfor

ulnarnerve尺神經(jīng)溝1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅱRadius橈骨Upperend:

headofradius橈骨頭

neckofradius橈骨頸

radialtuberosity橈骨粗隆Shaft:interosseousborder骨間緣Lowerend:

carpalarticularsurface腕關(guān)節(jié)面

styloidprocess橈骨莖突1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅲ

Ulnar

尺骨

Upperend:

olecranon鷹嘴

coronoidprocess

冠突

trochlearnotch滑車切跡

radialnotch

橈切跡

Lowerend

:

styloidprocess尺骨莖突

headofulna尺骨頭1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Carpalbones腕骨(8)

舟月三角豆;大小頭狀鉤

Metacarpalbones掌骨(5):base(proximally)底

shaft體

head(distally)頭Phalangesoffingers指骨(14):base(proximally)底

shaft體

trochleaofphalanx(distally)滑車ⅳbonesofhand

1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅡBonesofLowerLimb

Composition:

Pelvicgirdle:hipbone髖骨Bonesoffreelowerlimb:Femur股骨

Patella髕骨Tibia脛骨

fibula腓骨Bonesoffoot足骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Eachhipboneactuallyconsistsofthreeseparatebones:theilium髂骨,theischium坐骨,andthepubis恥骨.Beforepubertythebonesareseparatedbyacartilage,andfuseattheageof15-17.Ⅰ）Hipbone髖骨internalview,right1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨

Composition:

Alaofilium髂骨翼Bodyofilium

髂骨體ⅰ）

ilium

髂骨externalview,rightinternalview,right1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨?。?/p>

ilium髂骨iliaccrest髂嵴

anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前上棘posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘anteriorinferioriliacspine髂前下棘posteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘tubercleofiliaccrest髂結(jié)節(jié)iliacfossa髂窩arcuateline弓狀線auricularsurface耳狀面1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅰ）

ilium

髂骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨

ⅱ）

ischium坐骨Bodyofischium坐骨體ischialspine坐骨棘greatersciaticnotch坐骨大切跡lessersciaticnotch坐骨小切跡Ramusofischium坐骨支ischialtuberosity坐骨結(jié)節(jié)externalview1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨

ⅱ）

Pubis

恥骨Bodyofpubis恥骨體：

iliopubiceminence髂恥隆起Superiorramusofpubis

恥骨上支:

symphysialsurface恥骨聯(lián)合面

pectenofpubis恥骨梳

pubictubercle恥骨結(jié)節(jié)Inferiorramusofpubis

恥骨下支:obturatorforamen閉孔1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Acetabulum髖臼

formedbybodiesofischium,iliumandpubisLunatesurface月狀面

acetabularfossa髖臼窩

acetabularnotch髖臼切跡1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨

Thefemuristhelongestandheaviestboneinthebodyandconsistsofashaftandtwoends.Ⅱ）Bonesoffreelowerlimb

?。?/p>

femur

股骨1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨femoralhead股骨頭foveaoffemoralhead股骨頭凹neckoffemur股骨頸（易骨折）greatertrochanter大轉(zhuǎn)子lessertrochanter小轉(zhuǎn)子intertrochantericline轉(zhuǎn)子間線intertrochantericcrest轉(zhuǎn)子間嵴

Upperend:anteriorviewposteriorview1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨Fractureofthefemoralneck1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨poplitealsurface腘面

Shaft1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨medialcondyle內(nèi)側(cè)髁lateralcondyle外側(cè)髁medialepicondyle內(nèi)上髁lateralepicondyle外上髁intercondylarfossa髁間窩patellarsurface髕面

Lowerend

1運(yùn)動(dòng)：附肢骨ⅱ）

Patella髕骨