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第十三講:三角函數(shù)圖象及性質【考點梳理】1、用五點法作正弦函數(shù)和余弦函數(shù)的簡圖(1)在正弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象中,五個關鍵點是:SKIPIF1<0.(2)在余弦函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的圖象中,五個關鍵點是:SKIPIF1<0.2、SKIPIF1<0的圖象與性質(1)最小正周期:SKIPIF1<0.(2)定義域與值域:SKIPIF1<0的定義域為R,值域為[-A,A].(3)最值(SKIPIF1<0).對于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(4)對稱軸與對稱中心.(SKIPIF1<0)對于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(5)單調性.(SKIPIF1<0)對于SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0(6)平移與伸縮由SKIPIF1<0的圖象變換得到SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的圖象的兩種方法(1)先平移后伸縮(2)先伸縮后平移【典型題型講解】考點一:三角函數(shù)的性質【典例例題】例1.(多選)(2022·廣東汕頭·高三期末)對于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,x∈R,則(

)A.f(x)的最大值為1 B.直線SKIPIF1<0為其對稱軸C.f(x)在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞增 D.點SKIPIF1<0為其對稱中心例2.(2022·廣東珠?!じ呷谀╆P于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,下列說法正確的是(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象可由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位得到B.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱C.SKIPIF1<0的表達式可以改寫為SKIPIF1<0D.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0的值域為SKIPIF1<0,則m的取值范圍是SKIPIF1<0【方法技巧與總結】研究三角函數(shù)的性質,關鍵式將函數(shù)化為SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的形式利用正余弦函數(shù)與復合函數(shù)的性質求解.【變式訓練】1.(2022·廣東揭陽·高三期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則該函數(shù)的增區(qū)間為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·廣東茂名·一模)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的最大值為______3.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù) B.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)C.SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù) D.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)4.設函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的周期為SKIPIF1<0B.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位,得到的函數(shù)為奇函數(shù)C.當SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0的值域為SKIPIF1<0D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上的零點個數(shù)共有6個5.設函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.若SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期大于SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<06.若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的值為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.4 D.SKIPIF1<07.(2022·廣東湛江·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上有且只有一個極大值點,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為___________.8.(2021·廣東佛山·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.從下面的兩個條件中任選其中一個:①SKIPIF1<0;②若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0的最小值為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,求解下列問題:(1)化簡SKIPIF1<0的表達式并求SKIPIF1<0的單調遞增區(qū)間;(2)已知SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0的值.考點二:三角函數(shù)的圖象【典例例題】例1.(2022·廣東·金山中學高三期末)為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,可以將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(

)A.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 B.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 D.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度例2.(多選)(2022·廣東中山·高三期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,下列說法正確的是(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于點SKIPIF1<0對稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞減D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位可得函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象【方法技巧與總結】1.圖象變換過程中務必分清式相位變換,還是周期變換.變換只是相對于其中的自變量SKIPIF1<0而言的,如果SKIPIF1<0的系數(shù)不是1,就要把這個系數(shù)提取后再確定變換的單位長度和方向.2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象求解析式時,常采用待定系數(shù)法,由圖中的最高點、最低點或特殊點求A;由函數(shù)的周期確定SKIPIF1<0;確定SKIPIF1<0常根據(jù)“五點法”中的五個點求解,其中一般把第一個零點作為突破口,可以從圖象的升降找準第一個零點的位置.【變式訓練】1.(2022·廣東廣東·一模)將正弦函數(shù)圖象上各點的橫坐標縮短為原來的SKIPIF1<0,縱坐標不變,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象.則SKIPIF1<0圖象的一個對稱中心為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<02.(2022·廣東韶關·一模)若將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度,則平移后的函數(shù)圖象的一條對稱軸為(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<03.(2022·廣東廣州·一模)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0是偶函數(shù)B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調遞減C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于點SKIPIF1<0對稱D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調遞增4.(多選)(2022·廣東·鐵一中學高三期末)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度后得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù)B.SKIPIF1<0C.當SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有4個極值點D.若SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞增,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為55.(多選)(2022·廣東東莞·高三期末)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0且對任意SKIPIF1<0都有SKIPIF1<0,則下列結論正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位后,圖象關于原點對稱D.SKIPIF1<0的圖象向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位后,圖象關于SKIPIF1<0軸對稱6.(多選)(2022·廣東清遠·高三期末)將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0圖象上所有的點向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度后,得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(

)A.SKIPIF1<0的最小值是SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱C.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期是SKIPIF1<0D.SKIPIF1<0的單調遞增區(qū)間是SKIPIF1<07.(多選)(2022·廣東惠州·一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(其中SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)的部分圖象如圖所示,則下列結論正確的是(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于SKIPIF1<0直線對稱B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于點SKIPIF1<0對稱C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調遞增D.SKIPIF1<0與圖象SKIPIF1<0的所有交點的橫坐標之和為SKIPIF1<09.(2022·廣東茂名·二模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示.將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位得到SKIPIF1<0的圖象,則()A.SKIPIF1<0) B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<010.(2022·廣東惠州·二模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,則下列結論中正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期為SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞增 D.SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù)【鞏固練習】一、單選題1.已知直線SKIPIF1<0是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的一條對稱軸,為了得到函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,可把函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(

)A.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 B.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 D.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度2.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0(

)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.2 C.5 D.73.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列結論錯誤的是(

)A.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的最小正周期是SKIPIF1<0B.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上單調遞減C.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象可由函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度,再向下平移1個單位長度得到D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于SKIPIF1<0對稱4.如圖是函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象的一部分,則要得到該函數(shù)的圖象,只需要將函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象(

)A.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 B.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度C.向左平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度 D.向右平移SKIPIF1<0個單位長度二、多選題5.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.直線SKIPIF1<0為函數(shù)f(x)圖象的一條對稱軸B.函數(shù)f(x)圖象橫坐標縮短為原來的一半,再向左平移SKIPIF1<0后得到SKIPIF1<0C.函數(shù)f(x)在[-SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0]上單調遞增D.函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的值域為[-2,SKIPIF1<0]6.設函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列結論中正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于點SKIPIF1<0對稱 B.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱C.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞減 D.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的最小值為07.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則下列說法正確的是(

)A.SKIPIF1<0B.SKIPIF1<0的圖象關于原點對稱C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0D.對SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0成立三、填空題8.寫出一個同時具有下列性質①②③的函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0___________;已知函數(shù)滿足:①SKIPIF1<0;②SKIPIF1<0;③函數(shù)在SKIPIF1<0上單調遞減;9.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的部分圖象如圖所示,則SKIPIF1<0________.10.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上有最大值,沒有最小值,則SKIPIF1<0的最大值為______.四、解答題11.已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(1)求SKIPIF1<0的值;(2)求函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上的增區(qū)間和值域.12.設SKIPIF1<0內角A,B,C的對邊分別為a,b,c,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(1)若SKIPIF1<0,求SKIPIF1<0

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