翻譯的技巧增詞法與重復(fù)法

LessonThreeClearingintheSky

ByJesseStuartAbouttheText

1.Iwipedthestreamsofsweatfrommyfacetokeepthemfromstingingmyeyes.(Para.2)1)Stream:aflowofwater,air,etc.Theword‘stream’canbeusedfigurativelyaswellasliterally.Itmayrefertoacontinuousflowofanything.Astreamofpeoplewascomingoutofthecinema.2)Tosting:tocausetofeelsharppain.Abeestunghimonthearm.2.Hedidn’tcareifitwas100℉intheshadeor20℉belowzero.(Para.3)

Fahrenheit(F):Centigrade(C)=5/9*(F-32)Fahrenheit=C*9/5+32100℉=5/9*(100-32)℃=37.7℃-20℉=?℃3.Suddenlyhestopped,…,andcutawispofalfalfa.(Para.4)Wisp:(formal)asmalltuftorstrandAwispofhairescapedfromherhat.Awispofsmokecurledupfromthechimney.Thewordsstream,creek,brook,andriverarecomparableinthateachdenotesabodyofwaterflowinginawatercourseorchannel.Inpopularusage,brookandstreamareoftenusedinterchangeably.4.“Wherearewegoing?”Iaskedwhenhestartedtowalkalogacrossthecreek.(Para.11)Stream:themostgeneralwordinthisgroup,embracingalltheothertermsinitsmeaning.Acreek:asmallstream.Abrook:usuallyaprimarystreamermergingfromaspring.

Ariver:alargestreamofwaterthatdischargesintoalargerbodyofwatersuchasasea,alake,oranotherstream.1)asif:inthissentence,asifintroducesanadverbialclauseofcomparison.Sincethereisdoubtof“uncertainty”,themodalpastisused.2)Fondle:vt.tohandletenderly;showaffectionbycaressingtofondleababy/adoll/akittenHefondledthedog’sears.Theoldladyfondledhercatasitsatbesideher.4.Thepinesontopofthemountainaboveuslookedasifthefingersoftheirlongboughswerefondlingawhitecloud.(Para.18)Thislandhadneverbeenfarmedbeforeand“new”earthsmellsveryfreshandgood.Soil:1)thetoplayeroftheearththatiscomposedofdisintegratedrockparticles,humus,waterandairAftertheharvest,thefarmerbegantopreparethesoilforseed..5.“fertile”,helaughedashereacheddownandpickedupadoublehandfulofthesoil.“Thisistheland,son!Thisisit.”Thenhesmelledthedirt.(Para.30)2)(liter.)territoryHewasbornonIrishsoil.Dirt:earthorsoil,esp.whenlooseEarth:soilanddirt,asdistinguishedfromrockandsandClean:adj.(here)tobedevoidofweed6.“ThisisthecleanestpatchI’veeverseen,”Iexclaimed.(Para.34)Three-scoreyearsandten:thespanofalife.Inthedaysthatthiswascoinedthatwasconsideredtobeseventyyears.7.Now,I’vereachedtheyearstheGoodBookallowstoaman.Three-scoreyearsandten!(Para.35)Origin:threescoreusedtobeusedforsixty,inthewaythatwestilluseadozenfortwelve,and(occasionally)scorefortwenty.Ithaslongsincediedoutinthatusagebutisstillrememberedinthisphrase.Threescoregoesbacktoatleast1388,asinthisfromJohnWyclif'sBible,Leviticus12,atthatdate:"Threscoorandsixedaies."8.ThatwaswhenIwassixyearsoldandtheybroughtmetothefieldtothin

corn.(Para.39)1)Herethin=thinout:tomakeorbecomelessdenseorcrowed.tothinoutseedlings(=removeafewtoimprovethegrowthoftherest)Imustthinouttheturnips–theyaremuchtooclosetogether.2)Corn(BrEmaize):acerealplantwithtallstalksbearingkernelsonears.Totakelifeeasy:toavoidhardworkorworry;haveaneasytime,liveincomfortSeveralsimilarphrasesarealsoused,e.g.takethingseasy,takeiteasy,etc.ThedoctorsaidthatBobwouldhavetotakethingseasyforawhileafterhehadhistonsilsout.(Hewouldhavetorestandnotworkorplay.)Barbaralikestotakeiteasy.(Shedoesn’tliketowordhardandislazy.)9....thedoctorstoldmetositstillandtotakelifeeasy.(Para.41)1．Theyareleadingahappylife.他們現(xiàn)在過著幸福的生活。Hewasthelatepresident’salteregoandheisacloseandinfluentialfriendofthepresidenttobeinoffice.他過去是已故總統(tǒng)的化身，而現(xiàn)在是即將就職的總統(tǒng)親密而有影響的朋友。Sincetheindustrialrevolutionbeganthephysicalsciencehasingeneralbeenintheforefrontofthescientificmovement.自從工業(yè)革命開始以來，物理學(xué)總的說來一直處于科學(xué)運(yùn)動的前列。（時態(tài)）．Thenthewholecourseofmylifemighthavebeendifferent.如果真是那樣的話，我的生命路程也許是另一番景象。（虛擬語氣）Hadweknownitintime,wewouldhavepreventedtheaccident.

要是我們及時知道那件事，事故本來是可以防止的。（虛擬語氣）Afterwatchingforyears,hediscoveredimportantphenomena.觀察了數(shù)年之后他發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多重要現(xiàn)象。（數(shù)）三、重復(fù)譯法重復(fù)也屬于增詞。翻譯和寫作一樣。本應(yīng)力求簡練，盡量省略一些可有可無的詞；有時為了明確、強(qiáng)調(diào)或生動，卻往往需要將一些關(guān)鍵性的詞加以重復(fù)。例如：（一）為了明確重復(fù)1.Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.讓我們來修訂安全規(guī)則和衛(wèi)生規(guī)則吧。2.Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.他們開始研究敵情，分析敵情。3.Hebecameanoilbaron---allbyhimself.他成為一個石油大王，---一個白手起家的石油大王。4.Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.這一直是我們的立場，而不是他們的立場。5．Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenhundredordinarypatients.醫(yī)生從我身上得到的實(shí)踐，會比從一千七百個普通病人身上得到的實(shí)踐還多。（二）為了強(qiáng)調(diào)重復(fù)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，英語句子中往往重復(fù)關(guān)鍵性的詞，以使讀者留下深刻印象，英譯漢時往往可以采用同樣的重復(fù)手段。英語原文中有詞的重復(fù)，譯成漢語時可以保持同樣的詞的重復(fù)。1.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.他在凄雨中蕩來蕩去，想了又想，盤算了盤算。2.Gentlemenmanycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.先生們盡管可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然沒有和平。3.Bloodmustatoneforblood.

血債要用血來還。4.Theywouldreadandre-readthesecretnotes.他們往往一遍又一遍反復(fù)琢磨這些密件。（三）為了生動重復(fù)英語原文中即使沒有詞的重復(fù)，翻譯時為了使譯文生動，有時也可以采用各種重復(fù)手段。1．運(yùn)用兩個四字詞組成或四字對偶詞組。漢語中有大量四字詞組，這是漢語的一在特點(diǎn)。四字詞組比較精煉，念起來順口，有節(jié)奏感，如運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)，可使文字生動活潑，增強(qiáng)修辭效果。Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.但我的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)搞得滿城風(fēng)雨，人人皆知了。Ifthiswasatimeoftriumphforthemany,itwasapainfulperiodforthefew.多數(shù)人興高采烈之日，卻是少數(shù)人傷心失意之時。greatcontributions豐功偉績gratitude感恩戴德ingratitude忘恩負(fù)義prosperity繁榮昌盛arrogance驕傲自大careless粗心大意inchaos烏煙瘴氣streetgossip街談巷議rumor流言蜚語2．運(yùn)用詞的重疊詞的重疊是漢語中常用的一種手段。英譯漢時，可適當(dāng)采用詞的重疊，特別是四字重疊詞組，使譯文生動活潑，通順達(dá)意。Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.我的回答完全是坦坦蕩蕩，（直言無隱），不藏不掖。Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.他的那些孩子，也是穿得破破爛爛，粗野不堪，就象沒有父母似的。Withhistardiness,carelessandappallinggoodtemper,wehadnothingtodowithhim.他老是磨磨蹭蹭，馬馬虎虎，脾氣又好得驚人，我們都對他毫無辦法。Step3Exerciseinclass.

PutthefollowingintoChinese,payingspecialattentiontotheamplificationintranslation.1.Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.我們必須分析問題，解決問題。2.Courageinexcessbecomesfoolhardiness,affectionweakness,thriftavarice.勇之過度則蠻，愛之過度則為寵，儉之過度則為貪。（原文省略了定語和謂語譯成漢語時應(yīng)補(bǔ)上）3.Theletter“I”representsI,“O”owe,and“U”you.字母I代表“我”，O代表“欠”，U代表“你”。（將省略的動詞譯出來）4.Allbodiesconsistsofmoleculesandtheseofatoms.所有物體都由分了組成，而分子則由原子組成。（原文中第二個of前省略了，并用these代替，漢譯時補(bǔ)上了動詞，還原了代詞。）5.Wehavefulfilledourworkaheadofschedule,sohavethey.

我們提前完成了我們的工作，他們也提前完成了他們的工作。（省略句型中省略的部分漢譯時要譯出來）6.Hehadmetwithgreatdifficultiesinwritinghistermpaper.他在寫學(xué)期論文時，遇到了重重困難。（英語中并無重復(fù)，但在譯成漢語時，合理使用重復(fù)這一修辭手段，卻能更準(zhǔn)確、更生動地表達(dá)原意。）7.Rainorshine,I’llgothere.雨也罷，晴也罷，我都要去那。（使譯文生動流暢）。8.IfyougotoBeijing,don’tforgettoseemyyoungerbrother.你要是去北京的話，別忘了去看一看我弟弟。9.MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofyourtremendousrevolution,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.讓我通過您最忠心地祝賀偉大的中國人民及其共產(chǎn)黨，祝賀你們的巨大革命的輝煌勝利，這個勝利正在鼓舞著全世界。10.