全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)_第1頁
全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)_第2頁
全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)_第3頁
全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)_第4頁
全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩22頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費閱讀

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

全國英語等級考試四級(PETS4)歷年真題(五)

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料,回答1?20題

In1942,theHMSEdinburghwassunkintheBarentsSea.ltwason

its21backtoBritainwithninety-oneboxesofRussiangold.22thirty-nine

yearsitlaythere,toodeepfordiversto23.Noonewasallowedto

explodeit,either,sincethebodiesofsixtyofthecrewalsolay

inthe24.Then,in1981,anex-divercalledJessopdecidedtotryusing

newdiyingtechniques.25hecouldnotaffordtofinancethe26which

wasgoingtocostfourmillionpounds,hehadtolookforpeoplewho

were27totake

therisk.28,theywerenotevensurethegoldwasgoingtobethere!First

aScottishdivingcompany,thenaGermanshippingcompanyagreedto

joinintheretrieval29.Notlongafterthat,Jessop

30afourthcompanytotakea31.Sincethegoldwasthe32oftheBritish

andthesovietgovernments,theybothhopedtomakea33,too!The

biggestproblemwashowtoget34the

gold.Fortunately,theywereabletoexaminetheEdinburgh'ssistership,

theHMSBelfast,to35outtheexactlocationofthebombroom,36the

goldwasstored.

Theyknewitwastobeanextremelydifficultanddangerous

undertaking.toreachthegold,theywouldhavetocutalarge

square37thebodyoftheship,gothroughtheemptyfueltankanddown

to

thebombroom.Aftertwenty-eightdives,they38tofindthefirst

bar.Evervoneworked39theclock,helpingtocleanandstackthe

gold,40astofinishthejobasquick-lyaspossible.

1[單選題]

A.road

B.path

C.way

□.passage

正確答案:C

參考解析:

Croad道路;path小路,小徑;way路;passage通道,過道。這

四個詞都有道路的含義,但只有way可用于固定搭配Oilone'

swayto,表示〃在…去…的路上〃。在此句中,

OnitswaybacktoBritain意為〃在巡洋艦返回英國的路上〃,故

選C。

2[單選題]

A.During

B.For

C.At

D.Since

正確答案:B

參考解析:

B這四個介詞都可以用來表示時間,但用法卻不盡相同。during在…

期間,當…之時,用來表示一段時間;for持續(xù)達,計,后面常跟具

體的時間段,如:forfivemonths;at在…時亥!J,通常指時間的某

一點,如ateighto'clock;since自從…之后,要與現(xiàn)在完成時連

用。根據(jù)旬意〃這艘巡洋艦三十九年以來就一直沉于海底〃可知,此

處需要一個表示時間段的介詞,且能夠與〃三十九年〃搭配,只有'

fbr符合要求,故選B。

3[單選題]

A.find

B.discover

C.dive

D.reach

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dfind找到;discover發(fā)現(xiàn);dive潛水;reach到達。根據(jù)前文句

意可知,此處想要表達的意思是〃到達〃,

toodeepfordiverstoreach意為〃(沉船的位置)太深以至于潛水

員無法到達〃,故選D。

4[單選題]

A.wreck

B.ruin

C.relic

D.waste

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Awreck沉船,遇難船;ruin廢墟,遺跡;relic遺體,遺物;waste

荒原,荒蕪之地。根據(jù)前文可知,〃英國皇家海軍愛丁堡號〃巡洋艦

于1942年在巴倫支海沉沒,由此可推斷出該句中六十具船員的尸骸

所在的位置應在沉船內(nèi),故選A。

5[單選題]

A.Although

B.Unless

C.As

D.lf

正確答案:C

參考解析:

Calthough盡管,雖然;unless除mE,如果不;as由于,因為;if

如果。根據(jù)上下文〃他無法獨自承擔搜索所需的四百萬英鎊,不得不

尋找愿意承擔風險的人?!芍?,這里需要表示原因的連接詞,故選

Co

6[單選題]

A.research

B.operation

C.movement

D.search

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dresearch研究,探討Operation操作;movement移動;search

搜索,探查。由全文可知,這次潛水尋找黃金是一次搜索任務,只有

search可表示〃搜索,探蟄’,符合文意,故選D。

7[單選題]

A.willing

B.luckly

C.committed

□.engaged

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Awilling愿意的;lucky幸運的;committed忠誠的,堅定的;

engaged忙的從事…的。bewillingtodostll表示〃愿意做某事〃,

bewillingtotaketherisk表示〃愿意承擔風險",符合文意,故

選A。

8[單選題]

A.AIIinall

B.lnaddition

C.lncase

D.Afterall

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dallinall總之;inaddition除此之外,另夕卜;incase以防;afterall

畢竟。根據(jù)前文所述杰索普需要幫他承擔風險的人,可推斷此處應緊

接著解釋這個風險是什么,也就是〃畢竟,他們還不確定黃金是否還

在那里。,故選D。

9[單選題]

A.assignment

B.temptation

C.attempt

0.commission

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dassignment工作,任務;temptation引誘;attempt嘗試,試

圖;com-mission委任,委托。assignment與commission都可

以表示一項任?務,但assignment側重于表示分釀指派的任務,

而commission可以表示委托完成的任務。根據(jù)上下文,杰索普需

要說服一些公司加入這次搜索任務,因此用〃委托〃這些公司完成任

務更為貼切,故選D。

10[單選題]

A.introduced

B.persuaded

C.associated

0.stimulated

正確答案:B

參考解析:

Bintroduce介紹;persuade說月艮;associate聯(lián)合;stimulate激

勵。由于前文中提到這項任務資金不夠且有風險,可以推斷出此處想

要表達的是〃勸說,說服〃一些公司來投資和加入搜索任務;stimu

—latesbtodosth表示〃激勵某人去做某事〃,與文意不符;其余

兩項的用法分別是:introducesbtosth介紹某人嘗試某物;

associatesb/sthwith把某人/某物與…聯(lián)系起來;A、C、D均不

符合文意,故選B。

11[單選題]

A.chance

B.look

C.measure

D.choice

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Achance機會;look看;measure測量,措施;choice選擇。根

據(jù)前文提示,杰森普需要尋找愿意承擔風險的人,可以推斷出此處表

示杰森普說服了第四家公司來承擔風險。takeachance為固定搭配,

表示〃冒險〃,等同于前文中提到的taketherisk。takealook表

示〃看一看〃;measure和choice均不與take搭配,且與文意不

符,故選A。

12[單選題]

A.business

B.estate

C.obligation

□.property

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dbusiness生意,事務;estate地產(chǎn),貝才產(chǎn);Obligation義務,責

任;property財產(chǎn),資產(chǎn)。根據(jù)旬意可知,此處要表達的是這些黃

金是英國和蘇聯(lián)的財產(chǎn)。從四個選項的詞義可排除A,C兩項。estate

和property都有財產(chǎn)的意思。但property側重于指金錢上的財產(chǎn),

如:SomeofthestolenpropertywasfoundinMason/

shouse.(在梅森的房子勤戈到了一些被盜的財物。)而estate側重于

指地產(chǎn),如:HeownsalargeestateinScotland.(他在蘇格蘭有大

量地產(chǎn)。)根據(jù)上下文可知property較為合適,故選Do

13[單選題]

A.profit

B.benefit

C.success

0.welfare

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Aprofit益處,收益;benefit益處,;Success成功;welfare

福利。inakeaprofit表示獲利,為固定搭配。四個選項只有profit

可與make搭配。benefit表示獲利時,用其固定搭配benefitfrom

/by,success可用于固定搭酉己makeasuccessofsth,表示〃獲

取成功,取得成就〃,welfare常用于welfareservices表示〃福利

事業(yè)〃。本句話意思為〃這兩個國家都希望能夠從中獲利?!ü蔬xA。

14[單選題]

A.about

B.around

C.to

D.from

正確答案:C

參考解析:

Cgetabout四處走動,旅行;getaround勸服(某人),應付(某問

題);getto到達;沒有getfrom這個搭配。這句話要表達的意思是

〃最大的難題是如何到達黃金所在的位置?!ü蔬xQ

15[單選題]

A.get

B.take

C.work

D.try

正確答案:C

參考解析:

Cgetout逃離^akeout取出除掉yvorkout設法弄明白Wyout

試用。根據(jù)全文可知搜索團的任務是尋找黃金,由此可推斷出他們檢

查〃愛丁堡號〃的姐妹船〃貝爾法斯特號〃的目的是為了弄清楚黃金

儲藏地一彈藥房的確切位置,故選C。

16[單選題]

A.which

B.where

C.here

D.there

正確答案:B

參考解析:

B此空要堤邯艮定性定語從句的引導詞。非限定性定語從句的作用是

對所修飾的成分做進一步說明,通常有引導詞,且和主句問用逗號隔

開。例如:

Thesouthernstateswantedtosetupacountryoftheirown,

wheretheywouldbefreetokeepblackslaves.(南方各州要建立

一個屬于他們自己的國家,在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。)由

于前面的先行詞thebombroom表示地點,所以此處需要一個表示

地點的關系副詞where,整個非限定性定語從句修飾bombroom,

表示彈藥房就是黃金所在地,故選B。

17[單選題]

A.on

B.ill

C.among

D.along

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Aon在...上,in在...里面,among處在…中,along沿著??.。該旬

意思是:為了找到黃金,他們需要在船身上切割一個大的正方形,故

選A。

18[單選題]

A.managed

B.achieved

C.succeeded

0.fulfilled

正確答案:A

參考解析:

Amanage處理事務,設法做到;achieve獲得succeed成功fulfill

實現(xiàn)。根據(jù)句意可知,經(jīng)過二十八次潛水,搜索隊終于設法找到了第

一個金錠。managetodosth表示〃設法做成某事〃。其余三項雖

然都含有成功做成某事之意,但均不能用于此搭配,故選A。

19[單選題]

A.before

B.by

C.with

D.round

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D根據(jù)后面的finishthejobasquicklyaspossible”可知人們

想盡快完成這項工作,由此可推知此處想要表達的是〃抓緊時間工

作〃,workroundtheclock為固定搭配,表示〃全天候工作、沒

日沒夜地工作〃,故選D。

20[單選題]

A.that

B.much

C.far

D.so

正確答案:D

參考解析:

Dsoasto意思為〃以便,為了〃。在這里做目的狀語,解釋全天候

工作的原因。soastofinishthejobasquicklyaspossible,意思

是〃以便盡快完成這項工作?!ü蔬xD。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料,回答21-25題

Competitionforadmissiontothecountry'stopprivateschoolshas

alwaysbeentough,butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanew

level.Herwake-upcallcamewhenamancalledtheDaltonSchoolin

Manhattan,whereElisabethisadmissionsdirector,andinquiredabout

theagecutofffortheirkindergartenprogram.Afterprovidingthe

information,sheaskedabouttheageofhischild.Themanpausedforan

uncomfortablylongtimebeforeanswering."Well,wedon'thaveachild

yet.We'retryingtofigureoutwhento

conceiveachildsothebirthdayisnotaproblem."

WorriesarespreadingfromManhattantotherestofthecountry.Precise

currentdataonprivateschoolsareunavailable,butinterviewswith

representativesofindependentschoolsalltoldthe

samestory:anoversupplyofapplicants,higherrejectionrates."Wehave

peoplecallingusforspotstwoyearsdowntheroad,"saidMarilynofthe

SevenHillsSchoolinCincinnati."Wehave

grandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters."Publicopinionpolls

indicatethatAmericans'No.lconcerniseducation.Nowthatthelong

economicboomhasgivenparentsmoredisposable

income,manyareturningtoprivateschools,evenatpricetagsofwell

over$10,000ayear."We'regettingapplicantsfromabroaderarea

geographicallythanweeverhaveinthepast,"said

BetsyoftheLatinSchoolofChicago,whichexperienceda20percent

increaseinapplicationsthisyear.

Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasincreased,

supplyhasnot,"Everyyear,thereareafewchildrenwhodonotfind

places,butthisyear,forthefirsttimethatIknowof,there

areasignificantnumberwithoutplaces/'saidElisabeth.

Sowhatcanparentsdotogivetheir4-year-oldanedge?Schoolsknow

thereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchildrenaresoyoung.Many

schoolsgivepreferencetochildrenoftheirgraduates.Somemakethe

choicebydrawinglots.

Butmostrelyonamixofsubjectiveandobjectivemeasures:teststhatat

bestidentifydevelopmentalmaturityandcognitivepotential,interviews

withparentsandobservationofapplicants

inclassroomsettings.Theyalsowantadiverse'mix.Childrenmayendup

onawaitinglistsimplybecausetheirbirthdaysfallatthewrongtimeof

year;orbecausetoomanyapplicantswereboys.

Theworstthingapatentcandoistopressurepreschoolersto

perform-forexample,bypushingthemtoreadordomathexercises

beforethey'reready.Instead,theexpertssay,parentsshouldtakea

breathandlookforalternatives.Anotheryearinpreschool

maybeallthat'sneeded.

21[單選題]Fromthistextwelearnthatitis.

A.hardertomakeachoicebetweenpublicandprivateschools.

B.hardertogotoprivateschoolsthisyearthanbefore.

C.moredifficulttogotopublicschoolsthantoprivateschools.

D.asdifficulttogotoprivateschoolsthisyearasbefore.

正確答案:B

參考解析:

B該題為細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第一句

"Competitionforadmissiontothecountry1

stopprivateschoolshasalwaysbeentough,

butthisyearElisabethrealizedithadreachedanewlevel."可

知,進入國家的頂級私立學校的競爭一直以來都很激烈,但是今年伊

麗莎白發(fā)現(xiàn)這種競爭達到了一個新的水平。由此可知,今年想進入私

立學校比往年更加困難,而不是跟往年一樣困難,故選B。

22[單選題]Thesentence“Wehavepeople...downtheroad"

(Line4,Paragraph2)probablymeans

A.wehavepeoplecallingUSforparkingspacetwoyearsaheadoftime.

B.peoplecalledUSforpermissiontousetheplacestwoyearsa90.

C.wereceivedcallsfrompeopledowntheroadtwoyearsa90.

0.peoplecalledUSforschoolvacanciestwoyearsinadvance.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為釋義題。根據(jù)后一句

“Wehavegrandparentscallingforpregnantdaughters//可知,

有些家長會提前向私立學校咨詢孩子入學的事情。因此可以推知

“WehavepeoplecallingUSforspotstwoyearsdowntheroa

d"意為〃有人提前兩年就打電話咨詢學校是否會有名額。,故選

D。

23[單選題]Thetextindicatesthatprivateschoolsarevery

selectivebecausethey

A.havenoreliablemethodstopickstudentsforaclass.

B.wantagoodmixtureofboysandgirlsforclasses.

C.encountermoredemandthantheycancopewith.

0.prefertoenrollchildrenoftheirrelatives.

正確答案:C

參考解析:

C該題為推理題。根據(jù)第三段

“Theproblemfortheapplicantsisthatwhiledemandhasinc

reased,supplyhasnot."可知申請私立學校的人數(shù)在增加,但私

立學校的招生名額卻沒有增加。接著第四段詳細講了一些私立學校如

何選擇學生。由此可推斷,私立學校對學生如此精挑細選的原因在于

有太多的學生申請,他們不得不通過各種方法來選擇學生。選項A

與文章的意思有所出入,第四段第二句

“Schoolsknowthereisnoeasywaytopickaclasswhenchild

renares。young."可知學校認為選擇學生沒有簡單的方法,并不

是如A項所表示的選擇的方法不可靠。選項8是某些學校選擇生源

的方法,即男女比例協(xié)調(diào),由此可知A、B兩項不能作為學校精心選

擇學生的原因。選項D在文中沒有提及,故選C。

24[單選題]Fromthetext,wecaninferthattheauthor

A.favorstheideaofputtingchildrenonawaitinglist.

B.agreestotestpreschooler'scognitivepotentials.

C.thinkschildrenshouldbebetterpreparedacademically

0.disapprovesoftheunduepressureonpreschoolers.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為態(tài)度題。由最后一段的第一句

“Theworstthingaparentcalldoistopressurepreschoolers

toperform—forexample.bypushingthemtoreadordomath

exercisesbeforethey'reready/7可知作者認為強迫學齡前兒童

學習是父母做的最糟糕的事。由此可推斷出作者反對給學齡前兒童過

度的壓力,故選D。

25[單選題]WhichofthefollowingCanserveasatitleofthis

text?

A.HardTimeforthePreschoolers

B.ProsperityofPrivateSchools

C.TheProblemforPublicSchools

D.Americans'sNO1Concern

正確答案:A

參考解析:

A該題為主旨題。全文主要講述兒童進入頂級私立學校困難,名額少,

學校篩選過程謹慎,許多父母都在提早為學齡前孩子做準備。選項A

〃學齡前兒童的艱難時代〃符合文意選項B〃私立學校的繁榮興旺〃,

只是涉及文章的部分內(nèi)容,文章主旨圍繞的是學生申請私立學校困難

這一現(xiàn)象,而不是私立翔本身;選項C〃公立學校的難題",而文

中并沒有提到;選項D〃美國人最關注的問題〃即教育,涉及教育方

面的內(nèi)容有很多,本文談論的僅僅是其中一方面,該說法過于寬泛,

B.C.D均不符合文意,故選A。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料,回答26-30題

WilliamShakespearedescribedoldageas"secondchildishness"-no

teeth,noeyes,notaste.Inthecaseoftastehemay,musicallyspeaking,

havebeenmoreperceptivethanherealised.ApaperinNeurologyby

GiovanniFrisoniandhiscolleaguesattheNationalCentreforResearch

andCareofAlzheimers'sDiseaseinItaly,showsthatfrontotemporal

dementiacanaffectmusicaldesiresinwaysthatsuggestaregression,if

nottoinfancy,thenatleasttoapatient'steens.

Frontotemporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfoundwitholdpeople,is

caused,asitsnamesuggests,bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthe

brain.Theseregionsareconcernedwithspeech,andwithsuch"higher"

functionsasabstractthinkingandjudgment.

TwoofsuchpatientsintriguedDrFrisoni.Onewasa68-year-oldlawyer;

theothera73-year-oldhousewife.Bothhadundamagedmemories,but

displayedthesortsofdefectassociatedwithfrontotemporaldementiaa

diagnosisthatwasconfmnedbybrainscanning.

Abouttwoyearsafterhewasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyer,onceaclassical

musicloverwhoreferredtopopmusicas"merenoise",startedlistening

totheItalianpopband"883".Ashiscom-mandoflanguageandhis

emotionalattachmentstofriendsandfamilydeteriorated,hecontinued

tolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyhoursaday.Thehousewife

hadnotevenhadthelawyer'sloveofclassicalmusic,havingnever

enjoyedmusicofanysortinthepast.Butaboutayearafterherdiagnosis

shebecameveryinterestedinthesongsthather11-year-oldgrand

daughterwaslisteningto.

Thiskindofchangeinmusicaltastewasnotseeninanyofthe

Alzheimer'spatients,andthusappearstobespecifictothosewith

frontotemporaldementia.Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhow

frontotemporal-dementiapatientssometimesgainnewtalents.Five

suffererswhodevelopedartisticabilitiesareknown.Andinanothercase,

onewomanwiththediseasesuddenlystartedcom-posingandsinging

countryandwesternsongs.

DrFrisonispeculatesthattheillnessiscausingpeopletodevelopanew

attitudetowardsnovelexperiences,Previousstudiesofnovelty-seeking

behavioursuggestthatitismanagedbythebrain'sfightfrontallobe.A

predominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,causedbydamage

tothelatter,mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,

thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemthatis

neededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.Whetherthatisagainora

lossisadifferentmatter.AsDrFrisoniputsitinhisarticle,thereisno

accountingfortaste.

26[單選題]ThewriterquotesShakespearemainlyto

A.praisethekeenperceptionofthegreatEnglishwriter.

B.supportDr.Frisoni/stheoryaboutadisease.

C.startthediscussiononabraindisease.

D.showthelonghistoryofthedisease.

正確答案:C

參考解析:

C該題為細節(jié)加推理題。第一段第一句話莎士比亞把老年階段比做

〃第二次孩子氣〃——沒有牙,視力差,失去味覺。接著整篇文章談

論了一種跟音樂品味有關的大腦疾病——額潁癡呆癥。由此可知,作

者引用莎士比亞的一句話只是為了引出后文,即

,故選

startdiscussiononabraindiseaseCo

27[單選題]Theword“regression"intheIstparagraphisbest

replacedby

A.backwardmovement.

B.unconlledincfination.

C.rapidadvancement.

□.unexpectedrestoration.

正確答案:A

參考解析:

A該題為釋義題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句〃…ifnottoinfancy,

thenatleasttoapatientsteens."可知額題癡呆癥可以在某種程

度上引起音樂品味的退化,即便不是退到嬰兒期,也至少會退到病人

十幾歲時,故選A。

28[單選題]Aftercontractingfrontotemporaldementia.the

68-year-oldlawyer

A.becamemoredependentonhisfamily.

B.grewfondofclassicalmusic.

C.recoveredfromlanguageincompetence.

D.enjoyedloudItalianpopularmusic.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句

“AbouttwoyearsafterheWasfirstdiagnosed,thelawyerz

onceaclassicalmusicloverwhore—ferredtopopmusicas

"merenoise'startedlisteningtotheItalianpoPband'883'

以及第二句〃…

hecontinuedtolistentothebandatfullvolumeformanyho

ursaday."可知,在這位68歲的律師患有額題癡呆癥后,本來只

熱愛古典音樂而把流行音樂比作〃純粹噪音〃的他開始聽意大利流行

樂隊”883〃的歌,而且把音量放到最大,每天持續(xù)聽數(shù)小時,可知

他享受意大利流行音樂,故選D。

29[單選題]Frontotemporaldementiaisadisease

A.identifiedwithlossofmemory.

B.causingdamagetocertainpartsofthebrain.

C.whosepatientsmaydevelopnewtalents.

D.whosesymptomsaresimilartothoseofAlzheimer'spatients.

正確答案:C

參考解析:

C該題為細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句

“Bothhadundamagedmemories,

butdisplayedthesortsofdefect..71可知額題癡呆癥患者的記憶

都沒有受損,選項A不符合文意;根據(jù)第二段第一句

"Tronto-temporaldementia,adiseaseusuallyfound.

witholdpeople,iscaused,asitsnamesuggests,

bydamagetothefrontandsidesofthebrain.”可知,額題癡呆

癥是由大腦前部和側面的損壞引起的,而選項B.表達的意思是額題癡

呆癥會引起大腦某些部分的損毀,與文章原意因果顛倒;根據(jù)第五段

第一句

“ThiskindofchangeinmusicaltasteWasnotseeninanyoft

heAlzheimer*spatients,

andthusappearstobespecifictothosewithfrontotemporai

dementia."可知,阿爾茨海默氏病患并沒有出現(xiàn)這種音樂品味的變

化,僅僅是那些患有額顆癡呆的病患有這樣的癥狀,選項D所述額

顆癡呆的癥狀與阿爾茨海默氏病癥狀相似的說法是錯誤的;根據(jù)第五

段第二句

“Andotherstudieshaveremarkedonhowfrontotemporal-d

e-mentiapatientssometimesgainnewmlents/可知,有研究

表明額潁癡呆癥有可能使患者獲得新的才能,故選

co

30[單選題]DrFrisoniattributedthepatients'changingmusic

tasteto

A.man'sdesiretoseeknovelexpefience.

B.thedamagetotheleftpartofthebrain.

C.theshiftofpredominancefromthefightlobetotheleft.

D.theweakeningofsomepartofthenervoussystem.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為細節(jié)題。該題可使用排除法。根據(jù)最后一段第三句和第四句

〃Apredominanceoftherightovertheleftfrontallobe,

causedbydamagetothelatter,

mightthusleadtoaquestfornewexperience.Alternatively,

thedamagemayhaveaffectedsomespecificnervoussystemt

hatisneededtoappreciatecertainkindsofmusic.〃可知由于左

側額葉的損傷,右側額葉會占據(jù)主導地位,這樣導致了病患對新體驗

的追求?;蛘撸髠阮~葉的損傷可能會影響到一些控制音樂品味的特

定的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)。所以,作者將病患音樂品味的變化歸結為左側額葉受

損所導致一些控制音樂品味的特定神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的損壞。選項A〃人們

追求新體驗的渴望〃并不是患者音樂品味變化的原因;選項B將原因

歸結為大腦左半邊的損壞,與文章中所述左側額葉受損不符;選項C

將原因歸結為占主導地位的由右側額葉轉為左側額葉,與文中提到的

因左側額葉受損,而右側額葉占主導地位不符,A、B、C三項均不

符合文意,故選D。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料,回答31-35題

Who'stoblame?Thetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoor

maintenanceofBritishrailways,sayindustrycritics.Stingygovernments

bothLaborandtoryhavecutdownoninvestmentsintrainsandrails.In

themid-1990saConservativegovernmentpushedthroughthesaleof

theentiresubsidy-guzzlingrailnetwork.Operatingfranchiseswere

parceledoutamongprivatecompaniesandaseparatefirm,Railtrack,

wasawardedownershipofthetracksandstations.Inthefuture,

thetheoryranbackthen,theprivatesectorcouldpayforany

improvementswithalittlehelpfromthestateandtaketheblameforany

failings.

todaysurveysshowthattravelersbelieveprivatizationisoneofthe

reasonsfortherailways'sfailures.Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofits

iscompatiblewithguaranteeingsafety.Worse,splittingthenetwork

betweencompanieshasmadecoordinationnearlyimpossible."The

railwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputin

placewas..,designed,ifwearehonest,tomaximizetheproceedstothe

Treasury,"saidRailtrackbossGeraldCorbettbeforeresigninglastmonth

inthewakeoftheHatfieldcrash.

Generally,thecontrastswithmainlandEuropearestark.Overthepast

fewdecadestheGermans,FrenchandItalianshaveinvested50percent

morethantheBritishintransportationinfrastructure.Asaresult,aweb

ofhigh-speedtrainsnowcrisscrosstheContinent,fundedby

governmentswiltingtocommitstatefundstomajorcapital

p.rojects.Spainiscurrentlyplanning1,000milesofnewhigh-speed

track.InFrancesuperfasttrainsalreadyshuttlebetweenallmajorcities,

oftenondedicatedlines.AndinBritain?WhentheEurostartrainsthat

linkParis,LondonandBrusselsemergefromtheChannelTunnelonto

Britishsoilandjointhecrowdedlocalnetwork,theymustslowdown

froml86mphtoamaximumof100mph-andtheyusuallyhavetogo

evenslower.

Foronce,thegovernmentististening.Afterall,commutersarevoters,

too.Inapre-votespendingspree,thegovernmenthascommitteditseffto

hugeinvestmentintransportation,aswellaseducationandthepublic

healthservice.Overthenext10years,therailwaysshouldgetan

extra~60billion,partlythroughhighersubsidiestotheprivate

companies.AsBlairackoowledgedlastmonth,''Britainhasbeen

underinvestedinandinvestmentiscentraltoBritain'sfuture."You

don'thavetotellthe3millionpassengerswhousetherailwaysevery

day.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-andcrawlingat

LocomotionNo.lspeeds.

31[單選題]Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortriesto

A.tracethetragedytoitsdefectiveorigin.

B.remindpeopleofBritain'sgloriouspast.

C.explainthefailureofBritain'srailnetwork.

D.callforimpartialityinassessingthesituation.

正確答案:C

參考解析:

C該題為細節(jié)題。在第一段中,作者回顧了英國鐵路的現(xiàn)狀產(chǎn)生的根

源,即鐵路的私有化。根據(jù)第一段第一、二句"Whoistoblame?

ThetrailofresponsibilitygoesbeyondpoormaintenanceofB

ritishrailways,sayindustrycritics."可知,英國鐵路系統(tǒng)不健全,

鐵路速度慢的原因不只在于英國鐵路的養(yǎng)護不善。下文對其原因作出

了具體的解釋,故選C。

32[單選題]Travelersnowbetievethattherootcausefor

failuresofBritishrailwayis

A.itsstructuraldesign.

B.thepursuitofprofit.

C.itsinefficientnetwork.

D.thelackofsafetyguarantees.

正確答案:B

參考解析:

B該題為細節(jié)題。文章第二段分析了英國鐵路失敗的原因。根據(jù)第二

段第二句:"Theyaskwhetherthepursuitofprofitsiscompati

一blewithguaranteeingsafety."以及第二段最后一句

“TherailwayWastorn印

artatprivatizationandthestructurethatwasputinplacewas.

..designed,ifwearehonest,

tomaximizetheproceedstotheTreasury..//可知,英國國家為

了追求財政的擴大,而縮減了鐵路上的補貼,為了金錢利益而忽略了

鐵路安全保障。所以乘客認為鐵路失敗的根本原因在于利益的追求。

故選B。

33[單選題]AccordingtoGeraldCorbett,Britishrailwayis

structured

A.forthebenefitofcommuters.

B.totheadvantageofthegovernment.

C.fortheeffectofbettercoordination.

D.asareplacementoftheprivatesystem.

正確答案:B

參考解析:

B該題為細節(jié)題。文章第二段最后一句提到杰拉爾彳惠科貝特說的話

“Therailwaywastornapartatprivatizationandthestructure

thatWasputinplacewas...designedjfwearehonest,tomaxi

—mizetheproceedstotheTreasury../",意思是〃鐵路系統(tǒng)因

為私有化而四分五裂,老實說,鐵路結構的設計是基于最大化地增加

財政收入〃,由此可知杰拉爾彳惠科貝特認為英國的鐵路結構是建立

在政府受益的基礎之上的。故選B。

34[單選題]ComparingBritishrailwaywiththoseofEurope,

theauthorthinks

A.trainsinBritaincanranat100mphatleast.

B.Britainshouldbuildmoreexpresslines.

C.railsinBritainneedfurtherprivafization.

□.BritishrailwayisIe代alongwaybehind.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為細節(jié)題。第三段第一句"Generally,

thecontrastswillmainlandEuropearestark."通常,英國鐵路

與歐洲大陸鐵路的對比很明顯。說明作者認為英國鐵路和歐洲相比還

差很多。選項A和B并不是作者的態(tài)度,選項C與作者態(tài)度相反,

作者一直講鐵路私有化導致了現(xiàn)在英國鐵路的失敗,所以不可能需要

進一步的私有化。故選D。

35[單選題]WhatdoestheauthorthinkofBlair's

acknowledgement?

A.lt'stoolatetoimprovethesituationquicklyenough.

B.ltsawelcomeddeclarationofcommitment.

C.BIairshouldpreachittoothertravelers.

D.EmptywordsCan'tsolvetheproblem.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

D該題為細節(jié)題。最后一段倒數(shù)第三句,布萊爾說:〃英國投資不足,

而投資是英國未來的關鍵?!ㄗ詈笠欢蔚淖詈髢删浔砻髁俗髡邔Σ既R

爾所說話的態(tài)度,〃Youdorf

thavetotellthe3milhonpassen-gerswhousetherailwayse

veryday.LastweektrainstoDarlingtonwereanhourlate-and

crawlingatLocomotionN0.1speeds//意思是:〃你不必把這些

話告訴三百萬每天坐火車的乘客。上周,去達靈頓的火車晚點了一個

小時以火車第一速度’緩慢爬行?!ㄒ虼?,作者認為布萊爾只是說空

話、喊口號解決不了問題,故選D。

材料題

根據(jù)以下材料,回答36-40題

NomanhasbeenmoreharshlyjudgedthanMachiavelli,especiallyinthe

twocenturiesfollow-inghisdeath.Buthehassincefoundmanyable

championsandthetidehasturned.Theprincehasbeentermedamanual

fortyrants,theeffectofwhichhasbeenmostharmful.But

wereMachiavelli'sdoctrinesreallynew?Didhediscoverthem?He

merelyhadthefranknessandcour-agetowritedownwhateverybody

wasthinkingandwhateverybodyknew.Hemerelygivesus

theimpressionshehadreceivedfromalongandintimateintercourse

withprincesandtheaffairsofstate.ltwasLordBaconwhosaidthat

Machiavellitellsuswhatprincesdo,notwhattheyoughttodo.When

MachiavellitakesCaesarBorgiaasamodel,hedoesnotpraisehimasa

heroatallzbutmerelyasaprincewhowascapableofattainingtheend

inview.Thelifeofthestatewastheprima-ryobject.ltmustbe

maintained.AndMachiavellihaslaiddowntheprinciples,baseduponhis

stud-yandwideexperience,bywhichthismaybeaccomplished.He

wrotefromtheview-pointofthepolitician-notofthemoralist.Whatis

goodpoliticsmaybebadmorals,andinfact,byastrangefatality,where

moralsandpoliticsclash,thelattergenerallygetstheupperhand.And

willanyonecontendthattheprinciplessetforthbyMachiavelliinhis

PrinceorhisDiscourseshaveentirelyper-ishedfromtheearth?Has

diplomacybeenentirelystrippedoffraudandduplicity?Letanyone

readthefamouseighteenthchapterofThePrince:"lnwhatManner

PrincesshouldKeeptheirFaith,"andhewillbeconvincedthatwhatwas

truenearlyfourhundredyearsago,isquiteastruetoday.Ofthe

remainingworksofMachiavellithemostimportantistheHistoryof

Florencewrittenbetween1521and1525,anddedicatedto.Clement

團.ThisbookismerelyarapidreviewoftheMiddle

Ages,andaspartofitthehistoryofFlorence.Machiavelli'smethodhas

beencriticizedforadheringattimestoocloselytothechroniclersofhis

time,andatothersrejectingtheirtestimonywithoutapparentreason,

whileinitsdetailstheauthorityofhisHistoryisoftenquestionable.ltis

thestraightfor-ward,logicalnarrative,whichalwaysholdstheinterestof

thereader,thatisthegreatestcharmoftheHistory.

36[單選題]Itcallbeinferredfromthebeginningofthetext

that

A.manypeopleusedtothinkhighlyofMachiavelli.

B.Machiavellihadbeenveryinfluentialamongtherulers.

C.Machiavelliwaswidelyreadamonghiscontemporaries.

D.lMachiavellihasbeenatargetof.Criticismthroughouthistory.

正確答案:D

參考解析:

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

最新文檔

評論

0/150

提交評論