2024秋高中英語(yǔ)Unit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar-復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語(yǔ)從句學(xué)案含解析新人教版選修7

PAGEUnit4SharingSectionⅢGrammar——復(fù)習(xí)限制性定語(yǔ)從句[思維導(dǎo)圖][語(yǔ)法精講]一、概述一般來(lái)說(shuō)，英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句一般置于被修飾詞之后，且有引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語(yǔ)從句依據(jù)它與被修飾詞之間的關(guān)系分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Inmyopinion,notonlycanvolunteerworkhelpmeenrichmyknowledgeandexperience,butalsoitcanhelpthosewhoareinneed.(限制性定語(yǔ)從句)我認(rèn)為，志愿者工作不僅能幫助我豐富我的學(xué)問和閱歷，而且還能幫助那些有須要的人。Inaddition,Ihighlyrecommendthatyouvisitstudy.Chinese,whichoffersyoualotaboutChineseculture,songsandmoviesandsoon.(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)此外，我極力舉薦你訪問study.Chinese網(wǎng)站，它能為你供應(yīng)大量的中國(guó)文化、歌曲、電影等等。二、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．分類、功能及句法作用關(guān)系代詞先行詞功能及句法作用who人主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)whom人賓語(yǔ)which物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)whose人或物定語(yǔ)as人或物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)Theotherday,Ihelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosthisway.前幾天，我?guī)椭艘晃幻月返睦先恕prosperitywhich/thathasneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的旺盛。Helivesinaroomwhosewindowfacessouth.他住的那個(gè)房子的窗戶是朝南的。Lucyisabeautifulandsmartgirl(who/whom)everyoneenvies.露西是個(gè)人人都艷羨的美麗、聰慧的女孩。Heissuchakindpersonaswealllike.他是個(gè)我們都喜愛的和善的人。[名師點(diǎn)津]關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。2．留意事項(xiàng)(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Thenumberofthepeoplewho/thatcometovisitthecityeachyearrisesby15%.來(lái)這座城市巡游的人數(shù)每年增加15%。Anyonewhobreaksthelawwillbepunished.任何違犯法律的人將被懲罰。[名師點(diǎn)津]當(dāng)先行詞為“oneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；當(dāng)先行詞為“theonlyoneof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。Sheisoneofthestudentswhostudyhard.她是這些學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的學(xué)生中的一個(gè)。Sheistheonlyoneofthestudentswhostudieshard.她是這些學(xué)生中唯一一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的。(2)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，指人的關(guān)系代詞who可以代替whom。關(guān)系代詞指物時(shí)則可以用which或that。假如關(guān)系代詞前有介詞，則只能用whom或which。IshouldmakeanapologytothemanatwhomIyelledthismorning.我應(yīng)當(dāng)向那個(gè)今日早晨我向他大嚷大叫的人致歉。ItistheTVseriesaboutwhichwetalkedtheotherday.這就是我們前幾天談?wù)摰碾娨晞　?3)關(guān)系代詞whose既可以指人也可以指物，它只能在定語(yǔ)從句用作定語(yǔ)。ItisaremotebordertownwhosenameIhaveforgotten.那是一個(gè)我忘了名字的偏遠(yuǎn)的邊疆小鎮(zhèn)。(4)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”類的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人時(shí)用whom；指物時(shí)用which。介詞的確定主要取決于三個(gè)原則“一是與先行詞的搭配；二是與從句中動(dòng)詞的搭配；三是上下文表達(dá)的須要”。Themanwhoyoutalkedwithjustnowisourmanager.＝Themanwithwhomyoutalkedjustnowisourmanager.你剛才與他談話的那個(gè)人就是我們的經(jīng)理。Thenaughtyboymadeaholeinthewallthroughwhichhecouldseewhatwashappeningoutside.這個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩在墻上挖了一個(gè)通過(guò)它他能看到外面發(fā)生的事情的洞。[名師點(diǎn)津]假如從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是含有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)或固定搭配，則該介詞不宜放在關(guān)系代詞的前面。Thosearetherequirements(which/that)wecan'tputupwith.那些是我們不能忍受的條件。(5)關(guān)系代詞宜用that而不用which的狀況①當(dāng)先行詞是：all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它們修飾時(shí)。Allthatglittersisnotgold.閃光的東西并非都是金子。InChina，parentsalwaysdoeverythingthattheycantosupporttheirchildren.在中國(guó)，父母總是盡他們所能來(lái)?yè)狃B(yǎng)孩子。②當(dāng)先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)，以及被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。Thatisoneofthemostinterestingbooksthataresoldinthebookshop.那是這家書店出售的最好玩的書之一。Thefirstthingthatweshoulddoistogetsomefood.我們?cè)撟龅牡谝患率桥c(diǎn)吃的。③當(dāng)先行詞含theonly;thevery;thesame;thelast等時(shí)。Thisistheonlydress(that)shehas.這是她僅有的一條裙子。④當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，用that。Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywellknown.你剛才談起的那位作家以及他的小說(shuō)的確很聞名。⑤以who,which開頭的特別疑問句中有定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?正穿一件紅色外套的女孩子是誰(shuí)？⑥關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe.我的家鄉(xiāng)不再是它以前的那個(gè)樣子了。[名師點(diǎn)津]口訣巧記“關(guān)系代詞宜用that而不用which的狀況”：先行若是不定代，選用that不用猜；序詞形副最高級(jí)；特詞“僅有”和“同一”；有物有人作表語(yǔ)；that免重有道理。(6)as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句。as常與such,thesame,so等組成關(guān)聯(lián)詞組來(lái)引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetold.我從沒聽過(guò)他講的那樣的故事。[名師點(diǎn)津]such/thesame/so等與as或that組成關(guān)聯(lián)詞組引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，假如as或that在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，那么as或that引導(dǎo)的從句就是定語(yǔ)從句，否則，它們引導(dǎo)的就是狀語(yǔ)從句。Heissuchagoodboythateveryonelikeshim.他是那么好的一個(gè)男孩以至于人人都喜愛他。(狀語(yǔ)從句)Heissuchagoodboyaseveryonelikes.(定語(yǔ)從句)他是那么好的人人都喜愛的一個(gè)男孩。三、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1．分類、功能及句法作用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系副詞相當(dāng)于“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”。關(guān)系副詞先行詞功能及句法作用when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why緣由名詞緣由狀語(yǔ)Thiswasthetimewhen/atwhichsheleftforBeijing.這就是她動(dòng)身去北京的時(shí)間。Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepointwhere/atwhichhecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.治療將會(huì)持續(xù)到病人能獨(dú)立平安地行走為止。Idon'tknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn'tcometothemeetingyesterdaymorning.我不知道他為什么沒有參與昨天上午的會(huì)議。[名師點(diǎn)津]留意：關(guān)系副詞when和where轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”時(shí)可依據(jù)先行詞、從句的謂語(yǔ)及句意等來(lái)確定適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。why只能用forwhich來(lái)替換。2．留意事項(xiàng)(1)當(dāng)position,situation,stage,point,case等表示地點(diǎn)且作先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句用where；當(dāng)occasion;point;stage等表示時(shí)間且作先行詞時(shí)，其定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞用when。Wehadreachedthepointwhentherewasnomoney.我們那時(shí)已到了沒有一分錢的時(shí)刻。Thepatienthasreachedapointwheremedicinecan'thelp.病人已到了藥物無(wú)法治療的地步。(2)theway作先行詞且后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，若它在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，則引導(dǎo)詞用inwhich或that，此時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。若它在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞也可以省略。Theway(that/inwhich)hetreatshischildrenisverygood.他對(duì)待孩子的方式特別好。Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)關(guān)系詞填空1．I'vemissedyoualot,thinkingaboutthosehappymomentswhenwestayedwithyou.2．Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstillisoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.3．Whensummervacationforusstudentscomeseveryyear,wecandoallthatwecan'tdoduringourschooltime.4．Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.5．Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetimewhenheshouldbeabletobeindependent.6．We'llreachthesalestargetsinamonthwhich/thatwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.7．Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthosewhoseliveswereaffected.8．Happinessandsuccessoftencometothosewhoaregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.9．Duringmyschoolyears,ItookanactivepartinmanysocialactivitiesinwhichIperformedwellandgainedrichexperience.10．Heissuchalazypersonasnobodywantstoworkwith.Ⅱ.補(bǔ)全句子(留意運(yùn)用定語(yǔ)從句)1．Wearegoingtomeetattheschoolgateat7amandcycletothenearbymountainwhere_we_can_go_hiking(我們可以去遠(yuǎn)足的)andenjoyapicnic.2．Ifthere_is_anything_that_I_can_help_you(有