全國(guó)統(tǒng)考2024高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第2編語(yǔ)法突破專(zhuān)題九形容詞和副詞學(xué)案含解析

PAGE專(zhuān)題九形容詞和副詞1.(2024·浙江高考，65)Schooluniformsare________(tradition)inBritain,butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.答案：traditional此處形容詞作表語(yǔ)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)schooluniforms的特點(diǎn)。2．(2024·浙江高考，60)Whenthechildrenarewalkingorcyclingtoschoolondarkmornings,cardriverscan________(easy)seethem.答案：easily此處修飾動(dòng)詞see，用easy的副詞形式easily。3．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，68)Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué))thatpopulationsare________(high)thantheyactuallyare.答案：higher依據(jù)空格后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用high的比較級(jí)形式higher。4．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，61)Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining________hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketogetthere.答案：so分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于……”，so修飾副詞hard。5．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，68)TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere________(huge)popularwithtourists.答案：hugely所填詞修飾形容詞popular，故應(yīng)用huge的副詞形式hugely。behugelypopularwith“特別受……歡迎”。6．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，63)Hescreamsthe________(loud)ofall.答案：loudest由后面提到的“ofall”可知，指代三者以上“最大的聲音”，用最高級(jí)。7．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，66)Asaresult,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even________(bad),theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.答案：worse設(shè)空處句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數(shù)量增加了。evenworse“更糟糕的是，更糟的是”，習(xí)慣搭配。8．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.________________________________________________________________答案：interesting→interestedbecomeinterestedin“變得對(duì)……感愛(ài)好”。9．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.________________________________________________________________答案：coolly→cool連系動(dòng)詞look后跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。10．(2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，短文改錯(cuò))WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.________________________________________________________________答案：ordinarily→ordinary此處用形容詞ordinary修飾名詞cafe。一形容詞1．形容詞的作用形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)或特征。在句中作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)以及狀語(yǔ)。Inthevalleyscolourfulbutterfliesflewaroundus.Shecanbereallystubborn.Ifounditdifficulttocalmdown.[留意]①有些形容詞通常作表語(yǔ)，不能像一般形容詞那樣作前置定語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)形容詞，如alive,alone,asleep,alike,afraid,awake,ashamed,sure。②有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)，這樣的形容詞稱(chēng)為定語(yǔ)形容詞，如golden,wooden,silken,live,elder,former,latter,front,back,outer。2．形容詞在句中的位置(1)單個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在被修飾的名詞之前；兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，排列依次一般應(yīng)考慮以下兩種狀況：①和被修飾的名詞關(guān)系比較親密的形容詞位置更靠近名詞。JaneEyreisamovingEnglishnovel.②音節(jié)少的形容詞在前，音節(jié)多的形容詞在后。Ihaveasmallbutbeautifulroom.(2)多個(gè)形容詞排序常見(jiàn)形容詞依次歸納為口訣如下：限定描繪大長(zhǎng)高，形態(tài)年齡與新老，顏色國(guó)籍出材料，作用類(lèi)別往后靠。即限定詞(冠詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等)＋描繪性形容詞(beautiful、interesting...)＋大小、長(zhǎng)短、凹凸形容詞＋形態(tài)、年齡、新舊形容詞＋顏色、國(guó)籍、出處、材料形容詞＋用途、類(lèi)別形容詞＋中心名詞。可以簡(jiǎn)潔地記為：“縣官行令宴國(guó)才(限冠形齡顏國(guó)材)?！盩heoldladywantstobuyabeautifulredChinesesilkdressforherdaughterasapresent.TheyboughtacharmingbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodenwritingdesklastyear.(3)單個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，在下列狀況之下，形容詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的詞之后。①形容詞修飾不定代詞something,nothing,anything等時(shí)應(yīng)后置。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Thereisnothingdangeroushere.②表語(yǔ)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需后置，如alive,present,possible,afraid,alone,awake。Heisthegreatestwriteralive.Heistheonlypersonawakeatthemoment.3．倍數(shù)表達(dá)法的句式倍數(shù)表達(dá)法主要有以下5種：(1)...倍數(shù)＋as＋形容詞/副詞原級(jí)＋as...(2)...倍數(shù)＋形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)＋than...(3)...倍數(shù)＋thesize/length/weight/heightof...(4)...倍數(shù)＋thatof...(5)...倍數(shù)＋what...[留意]表示倍數(shù)的詞始終在前面。①我們的新居子是舊房子的三倍大。Ournewhouseisthreetimesaslargeastheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimeslargerthantheoldone.＝Ournewhouseisthreetimesthesizeoftheoldone.②2024年的汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量比2024年的產(chǎn)量大六倍。Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimesthatof2024.＝Theoutputofcarsin2024isseventimeswhatitwasin2024.二副詞1．副詞的作用副詞是一種用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句的詞，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。常在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、介詞賓語(yǔ)等成分。Hegotupearlythismorning.Thebuildingtherelooksverysmall.[留意]有些副詞可修飾名詞，用以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。常用的這類(lèi)副詞有quite,rather,even等。Weheldquiteapartylastweekend.Evenachildwon'tbelievesuchastoryyoutold.2．副詞的分類(lèi)時(shí)間副詞now,today,recently,late,soon,yet頻率副詞often,always,usually,seldom,frequently地點(diǎn)副詞away,abroad,anywhere,downstairs,home,here,there方式副詞clearly,carefully,badly,quietly,quickly程度副詞almost,alittle,much,very,rather,quite,fairly,deeply疑問(wèn)連接副詞when,where,why,how否定副詞not,hardly,scarcely,rarely,never3．副詞在句中的位置時(shí)間副詞和地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句尾。假如這兩種副詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)在句中，則把地點(diǎn)副詞放在時(shí)間副詞前面，也可把時(shí)間副詞放在句首。但always,seldom,often,never,rarely等副詞通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和be動(dòng)詞之后。Theywillgotheretomorrow.Ioftengotoschoolatseveninthemorning.Mybrotherisseldomlateforschool.[留意]①enough作為副詞時(shí)總是置于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。Thebookiseasyenoughforlittlekids.②enough作形容詞時(shí)，可置于名詞之前或之后。Wehaven'tenoughtime/timeenoughtoprepareforthemeeting.三形容詞與副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)1．比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的基本構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則改變(2)不規(guī)則改變?cè)?jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstoldolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2．比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法(1)比較級(jí)的用法①“比較級(jí)＋than”，表示一方超過(guò)另一方。Ourschoolisbetterthanthatone.②“l(fā)ess＋原級(jí)＋than”，表示一方不及另一方。Thisparkislessbeautifulthanthatone.③“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”，表示“越……，越……”。Thehigherthetemperatureis,thegreaterthepressureis.④“比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)”，表示“越來(lái)越……”。Theweatherisgettingcolderandcolder.[留意]比較級(jí)可以被even,alot,abit,alittle,still,much,far,yet,any,rather,no,agreatdeal,byfar等修飾。Heworksevenharderthanbefore.(2)與比較等級(jí)相關(guān)的常用表達(dá)①moreBthanA＝lessAthanB“與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B”。Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.＝Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.②morethan“不僅僅……”；nomorethan＝only“僅僅，只不過(guò)”；notmorethan“至多，不超過(guò)”。Languageismorethanatoolwithwhichpeoplecommunicatewitheachother.③no＋比較級(jí)＋than...“都不”，是對(duì)兩者的共同否定，且側(cè)重前者；而not＋比較級(jí)＋than...“不及”，表前者不如后者。JosiespeaksChinesenomorefluentlythanherbrother.Idon'trunfasterthananyoneelseinmyclass.(3)最高級(jí)的用法①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the＋最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.②最高級(jí)可被序數(shù)詞以及much,byfar,nearly,almost,bynomeans,notquite,notreally,nothinglike等詞語(yǔ)所修飾。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.ThisisbyfarthebestmoviethatIhaveeverseen.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．(2024·陜西省部分學(xué)校第一學(xué)期摸底檢測(cè))Inaddition,singingingroupshelpedpeoplefeel________(little)stressed,enhancedtheirmoodandincreasedtheirconfidence,socialskillsandfeelingofwell－being.答案：less依據(jù)后面的“enhancedtheirmood...feelingofwell－being”可知，合唱幫助人們緩解壓力，即幫助人們感受到更少的壓力，故用副詞little的比較級(jí)less，修飾其后的形容詞“stressed”。2．How________(consider)andwonderfulofyoutoremembermybirthday!答案：considerate句意：您真的很愛(ài)護(hù)，還記得我的生日！how后面接形容詞，構(gòu)成感嘆句。3．(2024·廣東省五校聯(lián)考)Inthe2024PISArankings,whichmeasuresglobaleducationalstandards,Thaistudentsperformedbelowtheglobalaverageandmuch________(bad)thanthosefrompoorerVietnaminsubjectslikemathsandscience.答案：worse依據(jù)后文中than的提示可知，設(shè)空處應(yīng)為比較級(jí)，bad的比較級(jí)為worse。4．(2024·內(nèi)蒙古赤峰二中高三其次次月考)AsArtificialIntelligencebecomes________(increasing)complicated,therearegrowingconcernsthatrobotscouldbecomeathreat.答案：increasingly修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)becomescomplicated，應(yīng)當(dāng)運(yùn)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。5．IamwritingtoexpressmywarmcongratulationsonyourwinningthefirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechContest________(recent)heldinourcity.答案：recently句意：我寫(xiě)信表達(dá)熱情的慶賀。慶賀你在我市最近舉辦的英語(yǔ)演講競(jìng)賽中獲得一等獎(jiǎng)。修飾過(guò)去分詞held用副詞形式。6．I'mveryhappytoknowthatyouhave________(success)gotthegoldmedalintheInternationalScienceandTechnologyInnovationContestthisyear.答案：successfully句意：我很興奮獲悉你在今年的國(guó)際科技創(chuàng)新大賽中勝利獲得金牌。修飾動(dòng)詞havegot用副詞形式。7．Afteralltheworkhadbeendone,weheadedhome,________(tire)buthappy.答案：tired句意：全部工作完成之后，我們回家了，雖然疲憊但是快樂(lè)。說(shuō)明句子主語(yǔ)we的特征，所以用形容詞作狀語(yǔ)。8．Idon'tthinkwhathesaidis________(relevance)tothetopicwearediscussing.Hehasmissedthepoint.答案：relevantrelevant“有關(guān)的，貼切的”。berelevantto“與……相關(guān)的”，固定搭配。9．(2024·廣東省高三“六校聯(lián)盟”第一次聯(lián)考)TheMetropolitanMuseumofArt(Met)isoneoftheworld's________(large)artmuseums.答案：largest句意：大都市藝術(shù)博物館是世界上最大的博物館之一。依據(jù)“oneofthe＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處運(yùn)用largest。10．________(hope),we'llmeetagainonThursday.答案：Hopefully句意：希望咱們星期四再見(jiàn)面。修飾整個(gè)句子，用副詞作狀語(yǔ)。Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)1．Wecouldseeveryclearastrangelightaheadofus.________________________________________________________________答案：clear→clearly修飾動(dòng)詞