翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)2008年05月

翻譯二級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)2008年05月SectionⅠEnglish-ChineseTranslationPartACompulsoryTranslation1.

Ifaheavyrelia（江南博哥）nceonfossilfuelsmakesacountryaclimateogre,thenDenmark—withitsthousandsofwindturbinessprinkledonthecoastlinesandatsea—islivingahappyfairytale.

ViewedfromtheUnitedStatesorAsia,Denmarkisanenvironmentalrolemodel.Thecountryis"whataglobalwarmingsolutionlookslike,"wroteFrancesBeinecke,thepresidentoftheNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil,inalettertothegrouplastautumn.Aboutone-fifthofthecountry'selectricitycomesfromwind,whichwindexpertssayisthehighestproportionofanycountry.

ButacloserlookshowsthatDenmarkisafarcryfromaclean-energyparadise.

Thebuildingofwindturbineshasvirtuallygroundtoahaltsincesubsidieswerecutback.Meanwhile,comparedwithothersintheEuropeanUnion,Danesremainabove-averageemittersofthegreenhousegascarbondioxide.Forallitswindturbines,alargeproportionoftherestofDenmark'spowerisgeneratedbyplantsthatburnimportedcoal.

TheDanishexperienceshowshowdifficultitcanbeforcountriesgrownrichonfossilfuelstoswitchtorenewableenergysourceslikewindpower.Amongthehurdlesarefluctuatingpoliticalpriorities,thehighcostofputtingnewturbinesoffshore,concernaboutpublicacceptanceoflargewindturbinesandthevolatilityofthewinditself.

"Europehasreallyledtheway,"saidAlexKlein,asenioranalystwithEmergingEnergyResearch,aconsultingfirmwithofficesinCambridge,Massachusetts.

SomepartsofwesternDenmarkderive100percentoftheirpeakneedsfromwindifthebreezeisup.GermanyandSpaingeneratemorepowerinabsoluteterms,butinthosecountrieswindstillaccountsforafarsmallerproportionoftheelectricitygenerated.Theaverageforall27EuropeanUnioncountriesis3percent.

ButtheGermansandtheSpanisharecatchingupasDenmarkslowsdown.Ofthethousandsofmegawattsofwindpoweraddedlastyeararoundtheworld,only8megawattswereinstalledinDenmark.

Ifhighersubsidieshadbeenmaintained,hesaid,Denmarkcouldnowbegeneratingclosetoone-third—ratherthanone-fifth—ofitselectricityfromwindmills.正確答案：如果一個(gè)國(guó)家因嚴(yán)重依賴化石燃料而成為導(dǎo)致氣候變化的惡魔的話，那么丹麥這個(gè)擁有數(shù)千個(gè)沿海和海上風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組的國(guó)家算得上是生活在童話里的幸福國(guó)度了。

在美國(guó)和亞洲各國(guó)看來，丹麥?zhǔn)黔h(huán)保領(lǐng)域的典范。自然資源保護(hù)委員會(huì)主席弗朗西斯·貝尼克去年秋天致該委員會(huì)的信中說，丹麥“是應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖的樣板”。丹麥風(fēng)力發(fā)電量占全國(guó)發(fā)電總量的1/5左右，風(fēng)能專家稱這一比例列世界之首。

不過，如果再仔細(xì)分析一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，丹麥也遠(yuǎn)非利用清潔能源的“天堂”。

自丹麥削減風(fēng)力發(fā)電補(bǔ)貼以來，風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)實(shí)際上已經(jīng)陷入停滯狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，與歐盟其他成員國(guó)相比，丹麥的二氧化碳排放量要高于歐盟平均水平。盡管丹麥安裝了眾多風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組，但是丹麥很大程度上仍然依靠火電站發(fā)電，而且電煤也需要進(jìn)口。

一個(gè)國(guó)家依靠化石燃料發(fā)展起來后，再想轉(zhuǎn)型依靠風(fēng)能等可再生能源絕非易事，丹麥即是一例。風(fēng)力發(fā)電遇到諸多阻礙，包括政府的政策重點(diǎn)不斷調(diào)整，海上修建新風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠成本較高，公眾能否接受大型風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)組建設(shè)存疑，風(fēng)力自身也具有不穩(wěn)定性。

咨詢公司美國(guó)新能源研究中心在馬薩諸塞州劍橋設(shè)有多個(gè)辦事處，該公司的高級(jí)分析師阿歷克斯·克萊恩說：“(在清潔能源發(fā)展方面)歐洲確實(shí)引領(lǐng)世界?！?/p>

如果風(fēng)力理想的話，丹麥西部一些地區(qū)用電高峰期的所有電力供應(yīng)都來自風(fēng)力發(fā)電。就風(fēng)力絕對(duì)發(fā)電量而言，德國(guó)和西班牙都超過了丹麥，但是風(fēng)力發(fā)電在這兩國(guó)發(fā)電總量中所占的比重要比丹麥小得多。歐盟27國(guó)中風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重平均為3%。

不過，由于丹麥現(xiàn)在放慢了風(fēng)力發(fā)電的發(fā)展步伐，德、西兩國(guó)現(xiàn)正迎頭趕上。去年全球共新增風(fēng)力發(fā)電裝機(jī)容量數(shù)千兆瓦，丹麥僅為8兆瓦。

克萊恩說，如果丹麥當(dāng)初沒有削減補(bǔ)貼的話，風(fēng)力發(fā)電所占比重應(yīng)該早就從現(xiàn)在的1/5上升到近1/3了。

PartBChoiceofTwoTranslationsTopic11.

ONEDAYinFebruary1926anunknownAmericanwriterwalkedoutofaNewYorksnowstormandintohistory.Animportantpieceofthathistoryisnowindangerofbeinglostforever,caughtinthecontroversyovertheUStradeembargoagainstCuba.

TheunknownwriterwasErnestHemingway,andtheNewYorkofficehewalkedintowasthatofMaxwellPerkins,themostfamousAmericanliteraryeditorofhisday.

Itisdifficulttoconceive—80yearsandanincandescentliterarycareerlater—theideaofpublishingthe26-year-oldHemingwaywasabigrisk.Hemingwayhadnotyetpublishedanovel.Indeed,hisonlypublishedfictionconsistedofafewshortstoriesandpoems,mostlyinobscureParisliteraryjournals.

YetMr.Perkins,asHemingwaywastocallhimforyearsafterwards,evenaftertheyhadbecomeclosefriends,tooktherisk.Onthespot,heofferedHemingwayadealincludedagenerous$1,500advanceonanunfinished,unnamednovelthatPerkinshadnotevenseen.

HemingwayandPerkinsbeganacorrespondencethatlastedfor21years,untilPerkins'sdeathin1947.AnumberofthoselettersarenowhousedinCuba,atFincaVigia,whereHemingwaylivedlongerthananywhereelse.

Butthehouseisindangerofcollapse.

AgroupofAmericansistryingtosavethehouseanditscontents.YettheUSgovernmentwon'tletthem.

TheTreasuryDepartmentrecentlyturneddowntheHemingwayPreservationFoundation'sapplicationforalicensetopermititsarchitects,engineers,andconsultantstotraveltoCubatoresearchafeasibilitystudytohelptheCubanssaveFincaVigia.Thisdenial,whichiscontrarytotheletterandspiritofthelaw,isbeingappealed.正確答案：1926年2月的一天，紐約大雪紛飛，這一天，一位默默無聞的美國(guó)作家踏入了永垂史冊(cè)的機(jī)會(huì)之門。如今，由于美國(guó)對(duì)古巴實(shí)施貿(mào)易禁運(yùn)引發(fā)爭(zhēng)議，那段歷史的重要記憶也因而面臨永久消失的危險(xiǎn)。

這位當(dāng)時(shí)名不見經(jīng)傳的作家就是歐內(nèi)斯特·海明威，他所踏入的機(jī)會(huì)之門就是麥克斯威爾·柏金斯在紐約的辦公室。柏金斯是美國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)赫赫有名的文學(xué)編輯。

80年過去了，自己也經(jīng)歷了輝煌的文學(xué)生涯，現(xiàn)在再回顧當(dāng)時(shí)，確實(shí)讓人難以想象，海明威當(dāng)時(shí)才26歲，為這樣毫無名氣的年輕人出書可是冒了不小的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。海明威那時(shí)還沒出版過一部長(zhǎng)篇小說，事實(shí)上，他所出版的唯一的小說收集了他的一些短篇小說和詩(shī)歌，其中大部分也只是發(fā)表在巴黎一些沒有名氣的文學(xué)期刊上。

不過，柏金斯先生這次甘愿冒險(xiǎn)。從最初相識(shí)到相知多年后海明成對(duì)他一直以柏金斯先生相稱，甚至兩人成了密友之后也是如此。當(dāng)時(shí)柏金斯還沒有看過海明威的那篇小說，而且小說還沒寫完，甚至連書名都還沒有，但是，柏金斯當(dāng)即給海明威開出了優(yōu)厚條件，包括支付他1500美元的定金。

海明威和柏金斯從此開始了長(zhǎng)達(dá)21年的書信往來，直到1947年柏金斯去世。海明威一生在古巴的嘹望山莊生活時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)，現(xiàn)在這里還收藏著兩人的部分書信真跡。

但是，嘹望山莊現(xiàn)在有坍塌之虞。

一些美國(guó)人試圖要拯救這座山莊及其藏品，但是美國(guó)政府卻橫加阻撓。

海明威保護(hù)基金會(huì)曾提出申請(qǐng)，希望能獲得許可，派一批建筑師、工程師和顧問前往古巴進(jìn)行可行性研究，幫助古巴人拯救嘹望山莊，但是，美國(guó)財(cái)政部最近拒絕了這一申請(qǐng)。申請(qǐng)?jiān)饩苓`背了相關(guān)法律條文和精神，現(xiàn)在該基金會(huì)正據(jù)此提出上訴。

Topic2缺SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslationPartACompulsoryTranslation1.

從19世紀(jì)40年代之后的鴉片戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、甲午戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，到庚子之亂乃至20世紀(jì)30年代的日本侵華戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，中國(guó)慘遭東西方列強(qiáng)的屠戮和極其野蠻的經(jīng)濟(jì)掠奪；再加上封建腐敗和連年內(nèi)亂，中國(guó)主權(quán)淪喪、生靈涂炭、國(guó)力衰弱、民不聊生。深重的災(zāi)難、慘痛的事實(shí)使中華民族深知和平之珍貴、發(fā)展之重要。這樣的歷史實(shí)踐形成了中國(guó)人民渴望和平、企求安定的心理，堅(jiān)定了中國(guó)人民走和平發(fā)展道路的信念。

1949年新中國(guó)成立后，我們?cè)诎l(fā)展道路上艱辛探索，既經(jīng)歷過成功的喜悅，也經(jīng)受過失敗的挫折。從1978年開始，中國(guó)開啟了新的征程，從計(jì)劃轉(zhuǎn)向市場(chǎng)，從封閉轉(zhuǎn)向開放，從自成一體轉(zhuǎn)向融入經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化，走獨(dú)立自主地建設(shè)中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義的道路，取得了舉世矚目的輝煌成就。實(shí)踐充分證明，堅(jiān)持走和平發(fā)展的道路是正確的，既符合中國(guó)國(guó)情，又順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流。中國(guó)將沿著這條和平發(fā)展的道路，堅(jiān)定不移地走下去。正確答案：譯文一

FromtheOpiumWarandtheFirstSino-JapaneseWarafterthe1840s,China'sWaronForeignInvaders1900totheJapaneseWarofAggressionagainstChinain1930s,ChinawassubjecttothebutcheringofthethenstrongpowersintheWestandEastandtheirextremelybarbarianeconomicdepredation.This,coupledwithfeudalcorruptionandyearsofsuccessivecivilstrifeandchaos,ledtothelossofChina'ssovereigntyandthehorrendoussufferingofherpeople,hernationalstrengthfailingandpeoplebarelysurviving.ThegravedisastersandtheharshfactshaveingraineddeeplyintotheChinesenationthevalueofpeaceandtheimportanceofdevelopment.SuchahistoricexperiencehasshapedthepsychologyoftheChinesepeopleinourquestforpeaceandhopeforstability,consolidatingourbeliefinfollowingapathtopeacefuldevelopment.

AfterthefoundingofNewChinain1949,wehavemadearduousexplorationsinthecourseofourdevelopment,goingthroughboththejoysofsuccessandthefrustrationsoffailure.Startingfrom1978,Chinahasembarkedonanewjourneyoftransformingfromaplannedtoamarketeconomy,fromcloistered-uptoopening-up,fromexclusiveself-sustainingtointegrationintoglobalization.ByfollowingapathofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsinanindependentandself-reliantmanner,wehavescoredgloriousachievementsthatattractedworldwideattention.Practicehasamplydemonstratedthatitisrighttoadheretoapathofpeacefuldevelopment,asitconformstobothChina'srealityandthetrendofthetimes.Chinawillunswervinglymarchonwardalongsidethispathtopeacefuldevelopment.

譯文二

FromtheOpiumWarsthatravagedChinainthe1840sand1860sthroughtheSino-JapaneseWarthatbrokeoutin1894totheJapaneseAggressionWaronChinathatstartedin1930s,ChinawassubjectedtomercilessslaughteringandbrutaleconomicplunderingbybothOccidentalandOrientalimperialpowers.Theexternalbullyingandoppression,coupledwithoutrageouscorruptionoffeudalimperialcourtsandincessantturmoilandchaosarisingfromwithin,deprivedthenationofsovereignty,plungedthepeopleintomiseryandsuffering,anddrasticallydebilitatedthecountry.Withuntoldsufferingandtragicepisodesinmind,theChinesenationiskeenlyawareofhowpeaceshallbecherishedanddevelopmentvalued.ItisoutofthishistoricalcontextthattheChinesepeoplehaveshapedtheircravingforpeaceandaspirationforstability.Whathappenedinthathumiliatingpartofhistoryhasentrenched/anchoredtheChinesepeople'sconvictioninfollowingapathtopeacefuldevelopment.

ThefoundingofnewChinain1949hasbeenfollowedbystrenuousexplorationsthathaveproducedamixofsuccessesandfailures,excitingprogressandfrustratingsetbacks.Chinaembarkedonawhole-newjourneyin1978,movingawayfromplannedeconomytomarket-orientedpracticesandfromself-seclusiontoopening-up.ChinahassincebeenintegratingitselfintotheglobaleconomyandremainedcommittedtobuildingsocialismwithdistinctiveChinesefeaturesonitsown.Theremarkableachievementswehaveaccomplishedovertheyearstestifytothefactthattheroadtopeacefuldevelopmentiscorrect,asitconformstonotonlyChina'snationalrealitybutalsothedefiningtrendofourtimes.Chinawillstaycommittedtopeacefulrisedowntheroad.

PartBChoiceofTwoTranslationsTopic11.

1968年我從北京來到陜西，唯一掛念的是在故鄉(xiāng)身患絕癥的老母親。母親的時(shí)日已經(jīng)不多，身邊再無親人，離別成為我心中最沉重的痛。唯一能傳遞母親信息的就是那枚小小的郵票。

母親當(dāng)時(shí)已經(jīng)雙目失明，信是讓別人代寫的，內(nèi)容千篇一律的干枯，郵票卻是母親自己摸索著貼上去的，她貼了一疊信封，隨用隨取，為的是不給別人添麻煩。

每回接到母親來信，我都要撫摸貼在信封右上角的郵票，那是母親親手貼上去的，它貼得規(guī)正卻無畫面感，很多時(shí)候是頭朝下的，因?yàn)槟赣H根本看不見，她是憑感覺在貼。郵票殘留著母親的手印，承載著母親的掛念，那上面有母親的氣息。凝視中，我常常淚眼模糊……

郵票是母親的替代。我對(duì)郵票的認(rèn)識(shí)源自于此。正確答案：WhenImovedfromBeijingtoShaanxiinnorthwesternChinain1968,theonlypersonIwasconcernedaboutwasmymother,leftinthehometownaloneandterminallyill.Partingwithherweighedoverwhelminglyheavyonmymind,asherdayswereliterallynumberedbuttherewasnofamilyaroundher.Theonlyvehicleofcommunicationbetweenmotherandmewasatinystamp.

Backthenmotherlostallhersightandhadtoturntoghostwriters.Assuch,lettersfromherwereinvariablycutanddried,butwerestampedbymotherherself.Blindasshewas,shegropedfortherightcornertoputastampon.Shetypicallygotapileofenvelopesstampedallatoncesimplytosavetroubleforherhelpers.

Eachtimeherletterarrived,Iwouldroutinelymakeapointoffeelingthestamppastedontheupperrightcorneroftheenvelope.Thestampingwasherjob,doneniceandwell,butneverevokedapicture,asinmanycasesstampswereputupsidedownduetoherlossofsight.Afterall,beingblind,shedidallthisbasedtotallyonruleofthumb.Stampscarriedherfingerprintscommunicatingmotherlyloveandcare.Onthatnote,myeyeswereoftenblurredwithtearswheneverIgazedatthestampofeachletterfromher.

Stampsinthissensestandformother,andthatishowIstartedtounderstandthemeaningofstamps.

Topic21.

2007年1月28日清晨，一列我國(guó)最新CRH高速動(dòng)車組列車在上海南站首次亮相，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)鐵路進(jìn)入一個(gè)全新時(shí)代。

新型CRH高速列車最高時(shí)速可達(dá)250公里，目前運(yùn)行時(shí)速160公里。共有200名乘客見證了列車從