翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題112

翻譯二級筆譯綜合能力分類模擬題112ReadingComprehension

TheBritish

Historynotonlygivescitiestheirshape;it（江南博哥）alsomoldstheirself-image.Since1941,whenLondonemergedfromeightmonthsofbombingwithmanyofitslandmarkspulverizedbutitsresilienceintact,theBritishcapitalhasregardeditselfasindomitable.Butat9a.m.onawintryMonday,ashockwavecrackedthatimage,muchasaV-2rockethittingahousewoulddamageneighboringproperties.Londonerslearnedthatthecity'sentirefleetofbuseshadbeenrecalledtoitsdepots,defeatednotbybombs—theservicehadrunquixoticallybutwithoutinterruptionthroughouttheBlitz—butbysnow.Ameresixinches(5cm)ofit.

TosayBritainisn'tgoodatcopingwithsnowingwouldbetoexerciseBritishunderstatement.Heavysnowistooraretowarrantseriousinvestmentinequipment,especiallyinLondonandthesoutheast,wherethiswas,asexcitableweatherforecastersdeclared,thebiggest"snowevent"in18years.Theheavyfallmaycostsome￡3billion(about$4.3billion),sinceafifthoftheworkforcetooka"duvetday"andbusinessstayedshuttered.ItalsostoppedTubeservice,causedchaosatairportsandclosedschools.Thousandsremainedshutfor48hours,suggestingthatLondoners,evenmorethanWashingtonians,lackthe"flintyChicagotoughness"PresidentBarackObamamissedwhenacoldsnapintheU.S.capitalsuspendedhisdaughters'schoolforaday.

WhenChinesePremierWenJiabao'sLondonvisitwasalsointerruptedbysnow,Britain'sinternationalhumiliationwascomplete.Still,saythisforLondoners:theycanlaughatthemselves."GoodthingHitler'sdead"remarkedastockclerkinasupermarket."Hecouldn'tgetuswiththeBlitz,buttheplaceissoincapacitatednow,he'dwalkrightin."MeetingadversitywithasortofgloomywitisnotacharacteristicthatalwaysservesBritswell;theysometimescrackjokeswhentheyshouldbecomplaining.Yetinthiscoldestofeconomicclimates,anunquenchablesenseofhumorisonecommoditythatwon'tloseitsvalue.(byCatherineMayer,fromTime,February16,2009)1.

HowwasthetrafficlikeduringtheBlitz?______A.Ithadbeencompletelytiedup.B.Ithadrungallantlyandeffectively.C.Ithadruntoughlyandintermittently.D.Ithadrunidealisticallyandimpractically.正確答案：D

2.

Accordingtotheauthor,theROOTcauseofthedisasteris______.A.theheavysnowB.Londoner'sincapacityC.weakprecautionD.unreliableweatherforecast正確答案：C

3.

Whatis/aregreatlyinfluencedbythesnow?______A.TransportationsystemB.Telecommunicationsystem.C.Sino-Britishrelation.D.Alloftheabove.正確答案：A

4.

Inquotingthestockclerk'sremark,theauthormostprobablyimpliesthat______.A.LondonisnowsoweakthatitmaybebrokenthrougheasilyB.LondonersarealwaysresilientdespiteallthehardshipsC.theindomitableimageofLondonwasnotintactanymoreD.Londonersareoptimisticthoughtheyfacewithanembarrassingsituation正確答案：C

5.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsBritain'scopingwiththeheavysnow?______A.Suspicious.B.Objective.C.Indifferent.D.Optimistic.正確答案：B

6.

Theauthorwrotethepassageto______.A.amuseandentertainB.remindandwarnC.explainandinformD.questionandcriticize正確答案：C

OurGuiltySecret

Nexttimeyoupickupalunchtimesandwich,takeamomenttothinkaboutwhereithascomefrom.Thinkoftheeffortittooktogrowthewheatforthebread,tofeedthecowstomakethecheese,tocultivatethesaladfromseed.Imagineifyoutookafewbitesfromitandsimplythrewthereststraightinthebin.Andifyoudidthateveryday,witheverythingyouate.

Supermarketsandsandwichchainsregularlydiscardaquarterasmanysandwichesastheysell.Mostofchatfoodisperfectlyedible,butlittleofitisgivenawaytothepoororhomeless.Instead,itisdestroyedandoftensenttolandfill.Meanwhile,onebillionpeoplegohungry,inaglobalizedeconomy.

Consumersarenobetter.IntheUnitedKingdomalone,accordingtogovernmentestimates,athirdofthefoodwebuygoesintothebin.Theappallingamountwastedinrestaurantsandfast-foodeateriesisanotherstory.TristramStuart'sWaste:UncoveringtheGlobalFoodScandallaysbareourwastefulhabits,fromthefarmtoshrink-wrappedsupermarketpackagingandbeyond.Stuart,a"freegan"andenvironmentalcampaigner,hasbasedhisbookonpainstakingresearchcarriedoutoverseveralyearsoffirst-handexperienceofforaginginsupermarketbins,aswellasinterviewswithcompanyexecutivesandtrawlsthroughthemeagredataprovidedbygovernmentsandbusinesses.

Thebook,with68pagesofdetailednotesand69pagesofbibliography,bristleswithfactsbutpointsalsotothehugegapsinourknowledgeofwaste.Mostretailers,forinstance,prefernottosayhowmuchfoodtheywaste,regardingitasatradesecret.Givingitawaywouldputthematacompetitivedisadvantage,theytellStuart.

Wasteiscertainlyoneofthemostimportantenvironmentalbookstocomeoutinyears.Butitismorethanthat.Itisanindictmentofourconsumerculturethatshouldmakeusallfeeldeeplyashamed.Thescaleofourfoodwasteproblem-anditseffectonthedevelopingworld-revealedinthisbookwillleaveyoushocked.And,theauthorhopes,demandingchange.

Avoidingtheunnecessarywastingoffoodisdeeplyingrainedinmostcultures."Youreyesarebiggerthanyourbelly"washowchildrenwhohelpedthemselvestomorethantheycouldeatwerescoldedintheBelfastofmychildhood.Thosewhofailedtofinish,orgorgedthemselvesontoomuch,wouldberemindedfirstofthestarvingchildreninAfricathen,forgoodmeasure,oftheIrishfamineofthe1840s.

Weneednotgobacksofartodiscoverrawmemoriesoffoodshortages.Rationingduringthesecondworldwarandearly1950sleftitsmarkonBritishlifefordecades,andfaminesduringandfollowingthewarscarredEuropeandpartsofAsia.Inthepasttwodecades,wehaveseenfaminesinAfricarollhorrificallyacrossourtelevisionscreens.

Humansocietieshavefoundingeniouswaystoekeoutourvaluablefoodresources:tostore,pickleandpreserve;tofindusesforbyproducts;tofattenanimalsonscraps;andeventoburnordistilthelastresidues.Muchofourculturalheritageisdefinedbywhatweeat.AsStuartremindsusinhischapter-headings—quotationsfromtheBible,theKoranandfolksayings—wehaveevolvedelaboraterulesandcustomsthatembodytheimperativetousefoodefficiently.

Yetourcultureofthrift,builtupovermillennia,seemstohavebrokendownwithinafewdecadesintoacultureofcarelessness.ThefoodwastedeachdayintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStatesalonewouldbeenoughtoalleviatethehungerof1.5billionpeople—morethantheglobalnumberofmalnourished.Howdidthishappen?

Retailersmustshoulderalargepartoftheblame.Theillusionofplentytheyliketofoster,byconstantlyrefillingshelvesandensuringthereisalwaysmorefoodthancanbeboughtinaday,comesinforanexcoriatingattack.Thesepractices,inturn,forcesupplierstooverproduceforfearthatiftheretailerrunsoutofaproduct,theywillbeheldtoblame.

Ifthissoundslikepooreconomics,itisn't.Foodhasbecomesocheapinmostdevelopedcountriesthatretailersmakemoreprofitfromsellingonemoresandwichthantheylosefromthrowingitinthebinifitremainsunsold.Soover-stackingtheshelvesisano-brainer.

Foodproducersplayalongbecausetheyneedtokeeptheircontractswithretailers,andtheyincorporatethecostofwasteintotheirproducts.

Stuartrecordsseeingstacksofready-meals,metreshigh,beingcrushedatafoodproducer'splantinsteadofbeingsold.Theyhadnotevenpassedtheir"sellby"date—itwasjustthattheretailerdecideditdidnotneedsomany.Theywereretailerbranded,socouldnotbesoldelsewhere.Theediblefoodhadtobelandfilled.

Redtapedoesnothelp.Confusionover"bestbefore","sellby"and"displayuntil"datescausesmassivewasteofediblefood.Sodidtheover-regulation,untilrecently,offoodsizesandshapesbytheEuropeanUnion.Asaresultofaknee-jerkreactionbytheUKgovernmentafterthefoot-and-mouthdiseaseoutbreakin2001,foodscrapsfromschoolkitchensandthelikecannotevenbegiventopigsasswill.

Stuartcataloguesappallingwasteallthroughthefoodsupplychain:thefarmerwhosetasty,blemish-freecarrotsareonlydeemedfittofeedanimalsbecausetheyareamitetoobendytobesoldinsupermarkets,whichassumebuyerscanonlycopewithstraightvegetables;retailchainsthatpadlocktheirbinsordeliberatelyspoiltheediblecontents,forfeartheircustomerswillforageinthem;consumerswhofallforbuy-one-get-one-freeofferstobuyfoodtheywillnoteat.

Wastingfoodinrichcountriescannotbeseeninavacuum.Ithasadisastrouseffectonthepoor.Cheapfoodisanillusion—thepressureonagriculturallandforpeopletofeedthemselvesandproduceforexportmarketsiscausingwidespreaddeforestationintheAmazon,south-eastAsiaandAfrica,andsoildegradationacrosstheworld.Ourcarelesswastepushesuppricesforglobalizedcommoditiessuchasgrainandrice,forcingpoorpeopletogohungryorbeggarthemselves.

Thisbookexposesalloftheseeffectsclearly,logicallyandreadably.ItmadememoreangrythananybookIhavereadforalongtime.7.

Thepassageismostprobablytakenfroma______.A.prefaceofthebookB.bookreportC.bookreviewD.bookabstract正確答案：C

8.

ThemainideaofTristramStuart'sWasteis______.A.theappallingamountswastedinrestaurantsandfast-foodeateriesB.thewastefulhabitsoftheBritishpeoplefromthefarmtothesupermarketC.thehugegapsbetweenretailersandconsumersintheirknowledgeofwasteD.first-handexperienceofforaginginsupermarketbins,aswellasinterviewswithcompanyexecutives正確答案：B

9.

ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingEXCEPT______.A.Stuart,theauthorofWaste,collectedhisinformationfromfirst-handexperience,interviewswithcompanyexecutivesanddataprovidedbygovernments.B.thebookprovidesalotoffactstopointouthowmuchfoodwewaste,whichweshouldbeashamedof.C.fromthebook,weknowthatfoodwastehasnotonlyinfluencedtheUKbutalsothedevelopingworld.D.weshouldteachourchildrennottotakemorethantheycouldeat,becauseofIrishfamineofthe1840s.正確答案：D

10.

Whenthepassagetalksaboutthememoriesoffoodshortage,itreallymeansthat______.A.weusedtohavesuchsorrowfulexperiencesthatweshouldtreasurebutnotwasteourfoodB.faminesduringandfollowingthewarscaredEuropeandpartofAsiaC.weshouldfindingeniouswaystoekeoutourvaluablefoodresourcesD.ourcultureofthrifthasbeenbuiltupovermillenniaandshouldnotbeeasilyabandoned正確答案：A

11.

Accordingtothepassage,whatistheultimatereasonforthemassivefoodwasteproblemintheUnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates?______A.Becausefoodisnotaseasytostore,pickandpreserveasbefore.B.Becauseconsumers'buyinghabitshavechangedalotaftertheSecondWorldWar.C.Becauseretailersalwaysrefilltheirshelvestoensurethereismorefoodthancanbebought.D.Becauseproducersnolongercherishthetraditionofthriftandoftenlandfillediblefood.正確答案：C

12.

StuartrecordsappallingwasteallthroughthefoodsupplychaininvolvingthefollowingparticipantsEXCEPT______.A.farmerswhosetastycarrotsaretofeedanimalsbecausetheyareamitetoobendytobesoldinsupermarketsB.supplierswhooverproduceforfearthatiftheretailerrunsoutofaproduct,theywillbeheldtoblameC.retailerswhocrushedstacksofready-mealsbeforetheir"sellby"date,becausetheycouldn'tsellsomanyD.consumerswhofallforbuy-one-get-one-freeofferstobuyfoodtheywillnoteat正確答案：C

13.

AccordingtoStuart'sWaste,whatisthecrucialconsequenceofwastingfoodinrichcountries?______A.Wastingfoodmeanswastingmoneyofthesuppliers,retailersandconsumers.B.Carelesswastepushesupcommodities'pricesonaworldwidescale,forcingpoorpeopletogohungry.C.Amazonfarmersareundergreatpressuretoreducedeforestationcausedbyproducinggrainandriceforexportmarkets.D.Developingcountriesareangrywiththeimbalanceinfoodconsumption.正確答案：B

14.

ItcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassagethat______.A.strictgovernmentrulesandregulationscanpreventretailersfromwastingfood.B.confusingfooddatelabelsleadtowasteofediblefood.C.ifthefoodsizesandshapesdonotcomplywithEuropeanUnion'sregulations,theycouldnotbesold,evenifedible.D.beforefoot-and-mouthdiseasebrokeout,foodscrapsweregiventopigs.正確答案：A

Obama'sEnergyPolicy

WhiletheGulfofMexicooilspillthatpromptedthepresident'sspeechisanunprecedentedcatastrophe,it'snothingcomparedtowhat'saheadifwekeeppretendingthatfossilfuelsarecheap.Addressingourhabitsofcarbonconsumptionisn'tjustthemostimportantpossibleresponsetothisparticulardisaster.It'sprobablythemostimportantissuethispresident,oranyotherforthenextfewdecades,willface.Moreover,there'safairlyclearsolutionthat'salreadybeenoutlined:atthemoment,there'sanimplicitpublicsubsidyforcarbonusethatenablesourreliance,sothegovernmentneedstocompensateforitbyjackupthepriceofenergysomehow.Acap-and-tradesystemisthepreferredmethodhereinmuchthesamewaythataninsurancemandatewasinhealthcarereform:it'sapoliticallypalatablepartialmeasure,butfarbetterthannothing.

ButObamagavealamespeechbyonlyofferingvaguegeneralitiesabout"increasingthecostofenergy,"failingtolayoutthecaseforthereformthatheknowsperfectlywelltobetheonlyviableone.Infact,ifthepresidentdecidedtotaketheideaofenergyreformtothepeople,heprobablystillwouldn'tgetlegislationpassed.Buteveninfailure,there'ssomethingtobegainedfromspeakingclearlyandhonestlytothepublic.

WoodrowWilsonwasagenerallyprettydetestableguy,butthere'ssomethingObamacouldlearnfromhim.AttheendofWorldWarI,Wilsonexpendedmassive,futileefforttryingtoconvinceAmericansthattheLeagueofNationswastheworld'sonlyhopeforpeaceandstability.TheRepublicanswhoopposedWilsonovertheLeaguesucceeded,inlargepart,becauseawearycountrywasn'twillingtoacceptanintellectualpresident'shigh-flownschemetopreventtherecentdisasterfromrepeating.

WhenthefeebleLeaguefailedandthecrisisofthe1930sdevelopedintoWorldWarⅡ,itofferedakindofperversevalidationtoWilson'seffort.ByforcefullycampaigningfortheUnitedStatestotakeacentralroleinglobalstability,hehadelucidatedthechoicesfacingtheAmericanpeople.AfterWorldWarII,theargumentof1919reoccurred,butitwaswonbyWilson'ssuccessor,HarryTruman.ThereoccurrenceofglobalwarhadvalidatedWilson'sargument,makingitmucheasierforTrumantosellAmericansontheMarshallPlan,NATO,theUnitedNationsand,ultimately,theColdWaritself.Bybeingambitiousandclear,Wilsonlost,buthissidewonoutinthelongtermforthesamereason.15.

TheauthorsuggeststhefollowingmeasurestosolvetheoilspillcrisisEXCEPT______.A.thegovernmentshouldremovepublicsubsidyforcarbonuseB.thegovernmentshouldcompensateforthecrisisC.thegovernmentshouldraisethepriceofenergyD.Americansshouldtackletheiraddictiontofossilfuels正確答案：B[解析]是非題型。本題考察作者針對漏油事件為美國提出的建議方案，由response、solution、measure等詞可判定解題點(diǎn)位于第一段。處理是非排除題需按提供的選擇項(xiàng)逐一與原文相印證，由there'sanimplicitpublicsubsidyforcarbonusethatenablesourreliance一句可確定A選項(xiàng)“取消能源補(bǔ)貼”符合作者的傾向主張；由byjackupthepriceofenergy可知C選項(xiàng)“提高能源價(jià)格”無誤；由Addressingourhabitsofcarbonconsumption一句可知D選項(xiàng)“美國人應(yīng)調(diào)整高度依賴化石燃料的習(xí)慣”無誤；由there'sanimplicitpublicsubsidyforcarbonusethatenablesourreliance,sothegovernmentneedstocompensateforit可知美國政府應(yīng)當(dāng)對“能源補(bǔ)貼導(dǎo)致美國依賴能源”這一現(xiàn)象予以補(bǔ)救，而非為漏油事件買單，可見應(yīng)選B。本題核心：不因文中出現(xiàn)compensatefor原詞而被誤導(dǎo)，正確理解代詞it的所指。

16.

Theauthorconsidersacap-and-tradesystemtobe______fromapoliticalperspective.A.vagueandincomprehensiveB.obligatorybutshort-sightedC.partialbutacceptableD.radicalbutreasonable正確答案：C[解析]態(tài)度歸納題型。本題涉及作者對美國實(shí)行總量管制與交易制度的態(tài)度，需對第一段最后一句話進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。原文中反映作者態(tài)度的詞匯包括preferred，politicallypalatable，partial和farbetterthannothing，可見作者認(rèn)為該制度雖有偏頗之處但遠(yuǎn)勝于無，從政治角度考量尚合人意。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)各出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)描述詞，A選項(xiàng)為“模糊不清，不夠全面”，B選項(xiàng)為“帶有強(qiáng)制意味但缺乏遠(yuǎn)見”，C選項(xiàng)為“有失偏頗但可以接受”，D選項(xiàng)“極端但合理”，對照可見C選項(xiàng)兩詞均能吻合原意，故為正確答案。本題核心：準(zhǔn)確理解原文中的態(tài)度指示詞，歸納總結(jié)并與選擇項(xiàng)進(jìn)行匹配。

17.

By"alamespeech",theauthormeansObamafailsto______.A.offerdetailsoftheenergyreformB.giveexamplesofsimilarpracticesC.informtheAmericanpeoplethatenergyreformistheonlymeasurethatworksD.informtheAmericanpeoplethatthereformprobablywouldn'tgetlegallypassed正確答案：A[解析]詞句歸納題型。本題涉及對文中具體詞句的理解，需對第二段第一句話進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。需重點(diǎn)留意的詞匯包括lame，offeringvaguegeneralities以及failingtolayoutthecaseforthereform，如答題者詞匯量足夠豐富，可知三者意思分別為“沒有說服力的”、“語焉不詳”和“沒能詳細(xì)闡釋這一改革”，三詞呈遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，逐步深入解釋奧巴馬演講的不足之處：方案不夠具體。即便答題者詞匯量不夠豐富，對lame和layoutthecase兩詞把握不準(zhǔn)，也可通過offeringvaguegeneralities一詞基本推定奧巴馬演講的問題所在。四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)給出的信息分別為“未能給出能源改革的具體細(xì)節(jié)”、“未能援引類似的成功案例”、“未能讓美國民眾知曉能源改革是唯一出路”和“未能讓美國人民知曉改革可能無法得到立法”，顯然只有A選項(xiàng)歸納得最為準(zhǔn)確。值得一提的是，C、D選項(xiàng)亦出現(xiàn)在了同一段落里，這時(shí)就需要考察兩者與題干之間的聯(lián)系程度，原文gavealamespeechby中的by一詞提示我們，相關(guān)解釋一定會緊跟其后，而不會出現(xiàn)相距較遠(yuǎn)的分句甚至是其他獨(dú)立句子中，故排除這兩項(xiàng)。本題核心：緊緊圍繞考察詞句，抓住核心解釋詞vaguegeneralities，通過by厘清句法關(guān)系，做出正確歸納。

18.

WoodrowWilsonfailedinthepresidentialcampaignof1920because______.A.heledAmericaintowarB.hefailedtohavetheUSjointheLeagueofNationsC.hefailedtopreventtherecentdisasterfromrepeatingD.themajorityofAmericansdidnotwanttobeinvolvedininternationalproblemsanymore正確答案：D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。本題題干為“伍德羅·威爾遜1920年總統(tǒng)競選失敗的原因”，原文中對應(yīng)內(nèi)容出現(xiàn)在第三段最后一句TheRepublicanswhoopposedWilsonovertheLeaguesucceededinlargepart,becauseawearycountrywasn'twillingtoacceptanintellectualpresident'shigh-flownschemetopreventtherecentdisasterfromrepeating。從此句及其上下文可知，威爾遜敗選的原因在于美國人在經(jīng)歷一戰(zhàn)后倍感疲倦，盡管威爾遜力推美國加入國際聯(lián)盟，聲稱可以避免一戰(zhàn)這樣的災(zāi)難再次發(fā)生，但美國人并不愿接受這樣的宏言偉論。與選項(xiàng)對照可見，只有D選項(xiàng)正確反映了原文意思。本題核心：準(zhǔn)確理解相關(guān)句中的詞語細(xì)節(jié)，包括high-flownscheme的所指及其與topreventtherecentdisasterfromrepeating兩者之間的邏輯關(guān)系(后者是對前者內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充說明)。

19.

HistoryprovesWilson'schampioningoftheLeagueofNationstobe______.A.high-flownB.futileC.loftyD.wise正確答案：D[解析]跨段歸納題型。此題涉及對威爾遜倡導(dǎo)加入國家聯(lián)盟這一決策的評價(jià)，原文第三、四段均與此有關(guān)。A、B選項(xiàng)中的futile和high-flown為第三段原詞，答題者如果僅把閱讀重心放在第三段，可能會對威爾遜的決策產(chǎn)生負(fù)面印象，并從上面兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇其一。如果通讀三、四兩段后，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)文章欲揚(yáng)先抑的書寫邏輯。第四段開頭指出，國際聯(lián)盟失敗后，1930年代的經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)最終導(dǎo)致了二戰(zhàn)的爆發(fā)，事實(shí)以荒謬的方式佐證了威爾遜決策的正確性。總結(jié)歸納兩段內(nèi)容可見正確答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是D。本題核心：不可斷章取義，僅憑原文出現(xiàn)的個(gè)別字句或個(gè)別段落得出片面結(jié)論。

20.

Theword"perverse"underlinedinParagraph4,isclosestinmeaningto______.A.oppositeB.revertedC.pervertedD.firm正確答案：C[解析]詞義題型。perverse此處意為“荒謬的、有悖常理的”，A選項(xiàng)意為“相反的”，B選項(xiàng)意為“回歸的、恢復(fù)的”，C選項(xiàng)意為“非常態(tài)的、不自然的”，D選項(xiàng)意為“堅(jiān)定的”，故選D。本題核心：充分利用上下文語境推測詞義。

21.

WoodrowWilson'sargumentwassupportedby______.A.thefailureoftheLeagueofNationsB.theoutbreakofWorldWarIIC.thelaunchoftheMarshallPlanD.theoccurrenceoftheColdWar正確答案：B[解析]細(xì)節(jié)題型。題干主干為Wilson'sargument，答題者可在第四段發(fā)現(xiàn)原詞并鎖定線索：ThereoccurrenceofglobalwarhadvalidatedWilson'sargument，可見B為正確答案。本題核心：可通過快速閱讀法根據(jù)核心關(guān)鍵詞實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)的定位。

22.

Theword"elucidate"underlinedinParagraph4mostprobablymeans______.A.indicateB.implicateC.replicateD.expound正確答案：D[解析]詞義題型。elucidate意為“闡明、解釋”，A選項(xiàng)意為“表明、指示”，B選項(xiàng)意為“暗示、涉及”，C選項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)制、重復(fù)”，D選項(xiàng)意為“詳細(xì)解釋”，故選D。本題核心：可利用構(gòu)詞法，根據(jù)詞根詞干輔助推測判斷。

23.

WhatmessagewouldtheauthorliketoconveybytheexampleofWoodrowWilson?______A.Theprocessofattainingdifficultpoliticalgoalssometimesinvolvesafutile-seemingfirstact.B.Theprocessofattainingloftypoliticalgoalssometimesinvolvesafutile-seemingfirstact.C.Sometimespoliticalmartyrdomisneededtoearnthepublic'strust.D.Itisdifficulttoachieveastrategicgainbyappearinglofty.正確答案：A[解析]例證歸納題型。本題涉及作者通過威爾遜一例傳達(dá)的信息，涉及例證問題，需關(guān)注兩方面信息，一是例證本身的論證內(nèi)容，二是例證前后的引言及結(jié)論，在閱讀理解的過程中，后者作為線索性信息尤為重要。本文例證的論證部分位于第三、四兩段，主要內(nèi)容為威爾遜倡導(dǎo)國際聯(lián)盟未果而敗選，世易時(shí)移，其后繼者終因同一理念而獲勝。線索性信息可見于第二、三、四段的首尾。第二段結(jié)尾可見作者的基本態(tài)度：奧巴馬即便倡導(dǎo)能源改革方案，也可能無法獲得立法通過，但即便如此，開誠布公仍能對解決問題有所助益；第三段開頭可見作者的舉例用意：希望奧巴馬以威爾遜為鑒；第四段結(jié)尾可見作者對例證的總結(jié)：盡管威爾遜因?yàn)殚_誠布公、目標(biāo)宏大而敗選，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，其所在的黨派卻最終因此獲得了勝利。歸納總結(jié)上述內(nèi)容，可見在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A選項(xiàng)最符合作者本意。本題核心：重點(diǎn)關(guān)注段落開頭及結(jié)尾的線索性信息。

24.

Thepurposeofthispassageisto______.A.criticizeObamaforhispowerlessnessB.adviceObamatoadvocatehisenergyreformC.adviceObamatolearnfromhispredecessorsD.adviceObamatotakeresponsibilityfortheoilspill正確答案：B[解析]主旨?xì)w納題型。本題考察文章主旨，需理清全文脈絡(luò)并在此基礎(chǔ)上歸納總結(jié)。從本文結(jié)構(gòu)看，第一段介紹事由，第二段闡明觀點(diǎn)，第三、四段以例子佐證，故應(yīng)聚焦第二段把握主旨。第二段可分為兩層意思，第一層指出奧巴馬演講談及能源改革時(shí)的遮掩姿態(tài)，第二層建議奧巴馬開誠布公對民眾闡明其能源政策。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A屬于片面歸納，雖作者認(rèn)為奧巴馬施政有不足之處，但其立足點(diǎn)卻是以建設(shè)性姿態(tài)建言獻(xiàn)策；C屬于部分歸納，僅適用于第三、四段而非全篇；D屬于錯(cuò)誤歸納，此觀點(diǎn)文中自始至終并未出現(xiàn)，屬無中生有；B歸納層次適宜，為正確選項(xiàng)。本題核心：找準(zhǔn)主旨段，以正確、全面、合宜三原則逐一考察選擇項(xiàng)的歸納層次。

Wearebeginningtowitnessaparadoxattheheartofcapitalism,onethathaspropelledittogreatnessbutisnowthreateningitsfuture:Theinherentdynamismofcompetitivemarketsisbringingcostssofardownthatmanygoodsandservicesarebecomingnearlyfree,abundant,andnolongersubjecttomarketforces.Whileeconomistshavealwayswelcomedareductioninmarginalcost,theyneveranticipatedthepossibilityofatechnologicalrevolutionthatmightbringthosecoststonearzero.

Thefirstinklingoftheparadoxcamein1999whenNapster,themusicservice,developedanetworkenablingmillionsofpeopletosharemusicwithoutpayingtheproducersandartists,wreakinghavoconthemusicindustry.Similarphenomenawentontoseverelydisruptthenewspaperandbookpublishingindustries.Consumersbegansharingtheirowninformationandentertainment,viavideos,audioandtext,nearlyfree,bypassingthetraditionalmarketsaltogether.

Nowthephenomenonisabouttoaffectthewholeeconomy.Aformidablenewtechnologyinfrastructure—theInternetofThings—isemergingwiththepotentialtopushmuchofeconomiclifetonearzeromarginalcostoverthecourseofthenexttwodecades.Thisnewtechnologyplatformisbeginningtoconnecteverythingandeveryone.Todaymorethan11billionsensorsareattachedtonaturalresources,productionlines,theelectricitygrid,logisticsnetworksandrecyclingflows,andimplantedinhomes,offices,storesandvehicles,feedingbigdataintotheInternetofThings.

Peoplecanconnecttothenetworkandusebigdata,analyticsandalgorithmstoaccelerateefficiencyandlowerthemarginalcostofproducingandsharingawiderangeofproductsandservicestonearzero,justastheynowdowithinformationgoods.

Theunresolvedquestionis,howwillthiseconomyofthefuturefunctionwhenmillionsofpeoplecanmakeandsharegoodsandservicesnearlyfree?Theanswerlies-inthecivilsociety,whichconsistsofnonprofitorganizationsthatattendtothethingsinlifewemakeandshareasacommunity.

WhatmakesthesocialcommonsmorerelevanttodayisthatweareconstructinganInternetofThingsinfrastructurethatoptimizescollaboration,universalaccessandinclusion,allofwhicharecriticaltothecreationofsocialcapitalandtheusheringinofasharingeconomy.TheInternetofThingsisagame-changingplatformthatenablesanemergingcollaborativecommonstoflourishalongsidethecapitalistmarket.

Thiscollaborativeratherthancapitalisticapproachisaboutsharedaccessratherthanprivateownership.Millionsofpeopleareusingsocialmediasites,redistributionnetworks,rentalsandcooperativestosharecars,homes,clothes,tools,toysandotheritemsatlowornearzeromarginalcost.Thesharingeconomyhadprojectedrevenuesof$3.5billionin2013.

Asforthecapitalistsystem,itislikelytoremainwithusfarintothefuture,albeitinamorestreamlinedrole,primarilyasanaggregatorofnetworkservicesandsolutions,allowingittothriveasapowerfulnicheplayerinthecomingera.Weare,however,enteringaworldpartlybeyondmarkets,wherewearelearninghowtolivetogetherinanincreasinglyinterdependent,collaborative,globalcommons.25.

Theword"inherent"underlinedinParagraphlisclosestinmeaningto______.A.inheritedB.insistentC.intrinsicD.intransigent正確答案：C

26.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtothecentralcharacteristicsofcapitalism?______A.Competitivemarket.B.Operationforprofit.C.Lowmarginalcost.D.Privateownership.正確答案：C

27.

Theword"disrupt"underlinedinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto______.A.upsetB.ruinC.demolishD.diminish正確答案：A

28.

Thankstotechnologicalrevolution,______reducedthemarginalcostandthepriceofasongallthewaydowntonearzero.A.NapsterB.producersC.artistsD.consumers正確答案：A

29.

Accordingtotheauthor,thefunctionsoftheInternetofThingsincludethefollowingEXCEPT______.A.generatingbetterinformationandanalysisB.enhancingdecisionmakingC.reducingcostsandrisksD.sharinginformationgoods正確答案：D

30.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTthekeyfeatureoftheInternetofThings?______A.Optimizedcollaboration.B.Sharedaccess.C.Redistribution.D.Interdependency.正確答案：C

31.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedabouttheInternetofThings?______A.Itisaconceptthatdescribesawirelessnetworkbetweenobjects.B.Itisfacilitatedbybillionsofsensorswhichareusedtocollectmassiveamountsofdata.C.Itenablesthetransformationofvideogameindustry.D.Itposesgreatchallengetothecapitalistmarket.正確答案：C

32.

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheessenceof"civilsociety"?______A.Authority.B.Competition.C.Profitability.D.Publicutility.正確答案：D

33.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardcapitalism?______A.Pessimistic.B.Optimistic.C.Neutral.D.Skeptical.正確答案：B

34.

Thepurposeofthispassageistointroduce______.A.theInternetofThingsB.theevolutionofcapitalismC.thetechnologicalrevolutionoverthelasttwodecadesD.theriseofnewtechnologyplatformanditsimpactoncapitalism正確答案：D

Microbiomehelpsusbydigestingourfood,trainingourimmunesystemsandcrowdingoutotherharmfulmicrobesthatcouldcausedisease.Inreturn,everythingfromthefoodweeattothemedicineswetakecanshapeourmicrobialcommunities—withimportantimplicationsforourhealth.Studieshavefoundthatchangesinourmicrobiomeaccompanymedicalproblemsfromobesitytodiabetestocoloncancer.

Asthesecorrelationshaveunfurled,sohasthehopethatwemightfixtheseailmentsbyshuntingourbugstowardhealthierstates.Thegigantic