2024-2025學年新教材高中英語Unit5Revealingnature第2課時Usinglanguage課時作業(yè)含解析外研版選擇性必修第一冊

PAGEPAGE1課時作業(yè)14Usinglanguageeq\a\vs4\al(Ⅰ.閱讀理解)AEveryspringflowerssuddenlycomeouteverywhereonthesameday,asiftheyhadanagreementwithoneanother.Buthowexactlydoplants“know”whentoflower?It'saquestionpuzzlingbiologistsforyears.ButaccordingtoScienceDaily,aUSresearchgroupmayhavefinallyansweredit—thesecretliesinaproteincalledFKF1.Thisallowsplantstosensethedifferencesindaylengthssothattheycantelltheseasonsarechanging.ResearchersfoundtheproteinwhentheywerestudyingaplantcalledArabidopsis.Theyfoundit'saphotoreceptor(感光器).Thismeansit'ssensitiveto,andcanbeactivated(激活)bysunlight.Plantsproducetheproteineverydayinthelateafternoonthroughouttheyear.Ifthere'snolightatthistime,forexample,inwinterwhenthesungoesdownearly,itmaynotbeactivated.Butwhenspringcomesandthedaysgetlonger,itcanbeactivatedbydaylightandtheplants“know”it'stimetoflower.AlthoughresearchershaveonlystudiedhowtheFKF1proteinworksintheArabidopsis,theybelievethattheprocessissimilarinmanyothermorecomplex(困難)plants,includingcropslikericeandwheat.Thiscouldbeusefultotheagriculturalindustry.“Ifwecancontrolthetimingofflowering,wemightbeabletoproducemorecropsbyputtingitforwardorputtingitoff，”aleaderofthestudysaid.“Also,ifwecouldcontrolthetimingoffloweringinhorticultural(園藝的)plants,theymaybeworthmoremoney.”Whatanamazingthingtothinkaboutthis!本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了探討人員發(fā)覺一種叫FKF1的蛋白質(zhì)告知植物開花的時間。1．Howdoplantsknowwhentoflower?A．Theygetmessagesfromsomeinsects.B．Theyreceivemessagesfromotherplants.C．Acertainproteintellsthemthetimetoflower.D．Sunlightproducesaproteininthemtohelpthemflower.答案：C解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ButaccordingtoScienceDaily,aUSresearchgroupmayhavefinallyansweredit—thesecretliesinaproteincalledFKF1.”可知，一種叫FKF1的蛋白質(zhì)告知植物開花的時間，故C項正確。2．Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?A．Thestudymaybenefitagriculturalindustry.B．Wemayhaveplantsthatflowerallyearround.C．Plantsdon'tflowerincoldweatherandshortdays.D．Researchersfoundtheproteinbystudyingriceandwheat.答案：A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Thiscouldbeusefultotheagriculturalindustry.”可知，這項探討可能對農(nóng)業(yè)有益，故A項正確。3．What'sthewriter'sattitudetowardsthestudy?A．Negative. B．Positive.C．Uncaring. D．Unclear.答案：B解析：推理推斷題。倒數(shù)其次段說假如我們能限制開花的時間，我們或許可以通過提前或推遲開花來生產(chǎn)更多的作物。此外，假如我們能限制園藝植物開花的時間，它們可能更值錢，最終一段作者認為這是一件不行思議的事情，由此可知作者對這項探討持主動的看法，故B項正確。BBreathingdirtyaircomesatahighprice.Airpollutionlowerstheaveragelifespans(壽命)byayearworldwideandinmorepollutedpartsofAsiaandAfrica,dirtyairshortenslivesuptotwicethatmuch.ScientistssharedtheirnewfindingsinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters.Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2024aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat'sknownasfinePM.Airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtomanyhealthproblems.Mostearlierstudieshadlookedathowtinyairpollutantsaffectedratesofillnessordeath.JoshuaApteisanenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlifeexpectancy(預期壽命),histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.PM2.5iswhatscientistscalltinyparticles(顆粒)ofpollutionintheair.HigherlevelsofPM2.5cancausehealthproblemsandcutmonths,ifnotyears,fromtheaveragelengthoflife.Thisanalysisshowshowpollutionaffectslifeexpectancyindifferentpartsoftheworld.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair.Apte'sgroupcalculatedhowholdingpollutiontothislowlevelwouldhelppeople.Incountrieswithverydirtyair,meetingthisstandardwouldlengthenpeople'slives.However,incountrieswhoseairalreadymeetsthisstandard,thestudyshowsnogaininlifeexpectancy.Inotherwords,meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.本文是一篇說明文。在全球范圍內(nèi)，空氣污染使人的平均壽命降低了一年，而在污染更嚴峻的亞洲和非洲地區(qū)，空氣污染使人的壽命縮短了兩倍之多?？茖W家們在《環(huán)境科學與技術(shù)快報》上共享了他們的新發(fā)覺。該探討分析了不同國家居民的壽命與PM之間的關(guān)系。4．Whatisspecialaboutthestudy?A．Itwonrecognitionfromaprofessionaljournal.B．Itdiscussedhealthproblemscausedbyairpollution.C．ItgatheredlotsofdatafortheGlobalBurdenofDisease.D．ItanalyzedthelinkbetweenlifespansandPMbycountry.答案：D解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中Thestudyuseddatagatheredin2024aspartofaprojectknownastheGlobalBurdenofDiseaseandwasthefirstmajorcountry-by-countrylookattheconnectionbetweenthelengthoflifeandwhat'sknownasfinePM.(該探討運用了2024年一個名為“全球疾病負擔”(GlobalBurdenofDisease)項目的一部分收集的數(shù)據(jù)，這是首次對壽命長短與“細顆粒物”(finePM)之間關(guān)系進行逐個國家探討。)可知，探討的特別之處是該探討分析了不同國家居民的壽命與PM之間的關(guān)系。故選D。5．WhatisJoshuaApte'steamtryingtodo?A．Helppeoplebetterunderstandairpollution.B．Studylifeexpectancyindifferentcountries.C．Knowhowsmallairpollutantsaffecthealth.D．Dealwithdifferentkindsofhealthproblems.答案：A解析：細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中JoshuaApteisanenvironmentalscientistattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.Bylookingatlifeexpectancy(預期壽命),histeamhadhopedtomakethethreateasiertounderstand.(約書亞·阿普特(JoshuaApte)是德克薩斯高校奧斯汀分校的環(huán)境科學家。通過視察預期壽命，他的團隊希望能讓這種威逼更簡單理解。)可知，JoshuaApte的團隊幫助人們更好地了解空氣污染。故選A。6．WhatwillhappenifacountrylimitsPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair?A．People'slifespanswillsurelyincrease. B．ItwillgetstrongsupportfromtheWHO.C．People'shealthmaynotbemuchimproved. D．Itwillguaranteepeoplecleanair.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)recommendslimitingPM2.5to10microgramspercubicmeterofair.(世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)建議將PM2.5濃度限制在每立方米10微克以內(nèi)。)和Inotherwords,meetingtheWHOstandardwon'treducehealthcostsresultingfromdirtyairbecauseevenbelow10microgramspercubicmeter,pollutionstillcausesseriousrisks.(換句話說，達到世界衛(wèi)生組織的標準并不能降低空氣污染造成的健康成本，因為即使低于每立方米10微克，污染仍舊會造成嚴峻的風險。)可知，假如一個國家將PM2.5濃度限制在每立方米10微克，人們的健康狀況可能不會有太大改善。故選C。7．Whatmightbediscussedinthefollowingparagraphs?A．Howcleaninguptheaircanlengthenlives.B．Howairpollutionshortenslivesbycountry.C．Howotherthreatsshortenlifeexpectancy.D．Howallthecountriesdealwithseverepollution.答案：C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中Meanwhile,thescientistscomparedhowotherthreatsincludingsmokingandcancershortenthelengthoflifeacrosstheglobe.(與此同時，科學家們比較了包括吸煙和癌癥在內(nèi)的其他威逼是如何縮短全球壽命的。)由此推知，接下來要探討的是“其他威逼如何縮短預期壽命”。故選C。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅱ.七選五)Haveyoueverbeenboredanddecidedtochecksocialmedia,onlytofindoutthatyourbestfriendisatDisneyland,thatoneofyourclassmatesiseatingdeliciouspizzaatyourfavoritepizzastore,andthatoneofyoursoccerteammatesisclimbingtheEiffelTowerinParis?Haveyoueverhadthatfeelingthatothersareexperiencingthingsandenjoyinglifemorethanyouare?Oh,man!You'remissingout!__1__ResearcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingoutorFOMO.__2__It'ssoeasytodaytoseewhatyourfriendsaredoingfromthesocialmedia.Unluckily,weonlyhavesomuchtimeinthedayandonlysomuchmoneytospendonfoodorentertainment.Itwouldbeimpossibleforustoenjoyallthesameactivitiesweseeotherstakepartinonsocialmedia.Ratherthanrealizingthisbasictruth,though,weusuallyletFOMOleadustocompareourliveswiththoseofothersonsocialmedia.__3__Why?Weknowallthesidesofourlives—bothgoodandbad.Butallweseeonsocialmediaarethepicture-perfectmomentsothersshare.__4__FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently,leadingtoaddictionandanegativecyclethatcanbehardtobreak.ResearchershavefoundthatsocialmediaandFOMOcancauseseriousnegativeresults,includingfeelingofdepression,lonelinessandboredom.__5__Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingtosocialmediaforhappiness.Instead,weshouldfocusourattentiononourreallives,includingthepeoplearoundusandallthethingswe'regratefulfor.A．HaveyoueverexperiencedFOMO?B．Atleastthat'swhatyoumightthink.C．Thiscertainlyleavesusfeelingdissatisfied.D．SohowdowebreakthecycleandavoidFOMO?E．Over75%ofyoungpeoplereportfeelingFOMOfromtimetotime.F．AsfamousTheodoreRooseveltsaid,“Comparisonisthethiefofjoy.”G．IfyouletFOMOcontrolyou,theonlythingyou'llreallybemissingoutonisyourownlife.本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了社交媒體對人們的影響，呼吁人們關(guān)注四周真實的世界。1．B解析：依據(jù)上文“Haveyoueverhadthatfeelingthatothersareexperiencingthingsandenjoyinglifemorethanyouare?Oh,man!You'remissingout！”可知此處講解并描述人們自己的感受。故B項“Atleastthat'swhatyoumightthink.”(至少你可能會這么想)很好地承接上文。故選B項。2．E解析：結(jié)合上文“ResearcherscallthatfeelingthefearofmissingoutorFOMO.”及下文“It'ssoeasytodaytoseewhatyourfriendsaredoingfromthesocialmedia.”可知，此句需承上啟下，E項“超過75%的年輕人報告說他們時時常會有心情低落的感覺?！背薪由衔摹癿issingoutorFOMO”，引出下文對于這種感覺的說明。故選E項。3．C解析：依據(jù)上文“Ratherthanrealizingthisbasictruth,though,weusuallyletFOMOleadustocompareourliveswiththoseofothersonsocialmedia.”可知人們通常與其他人進行比較；再依據(jù)下文“Weknowallthesidesofourlives—bothgoodandbad.Butallweseeonsocialmediaarethepicture-perfectmomentsothersshare.”可知我們只是知道他們的美妙瞬間。C項“Thiscertainlyleavesusfeelingdissatisfied.”(這會使我們不興奮)承上啟下，符合語境。故選C項。4．F解析：依據(jù)下文“FOMOmakesuschecksocialmediamorefrequently,leadingtoaddictionandanegativecyclethatcanbehardtobreak.”可知比較會使我們產(chǎn)生消極心情；上文主要講解并描述攀比使人不舒適。F項中“Comparisonisthethiefofjoy”很好地承上啟下。故選F項。5．D解析：依據(jù)下文“Researchersadvisethatwestoplookingtosocialmediaforhappiness.”可知探討人員給出了解決方法；D項“SohowdowebreakthecycleandavoidFOMO？”給出如何解決的疑問。故選D項。eq\a\vs4\al(Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應為150左右。Craigwatchedhisoldsister,Riley,andherfriendLizraceupanddownthelakeontheirskates,avoidingotherhockey(曲棍球)players.Theirskatebladeslookedlikesilversmoke.Whenthegamewasover,thegirlsskateduptothebenchwhereCraigwassitting.CraigaskedRileywhatskatingfeltlike.“WhenIgoreallyfast,IfeellikeI'mflying，”shesaid.That'ssilly,thoughtCraig.Flyingissomethingbirdsdointheair,notsomethingpeopledooniceskates.ThenhewatchedRileygobackoutontheice.Sheskatedaroundandaroundtheedgeofthelakewithherarmspumpingandherscarftrailingbehindher.Soonshewentsofastthatherarmslookedlikewingsandherscarflookedlikeafeatherytail.Maybeskatingreallywaslikeflying.WhenRileysatdowntotakeherskatesoff,Craigsaid,“IwishIcouldfly.”RileyretiedherskatelacesandcrouchednexttoCraig.“Getonmyback，”shesaid,andCraigdid.Rileystartedskating,butCraigdidn'tfeellikehewasflying.Itjustfeltlikeashakingpiggybackride.“You'retooheavy，”Rileysaid.“Ican'tgofastwhenI'mcarryingyou.”Sheskatedslowlybacktothebench.Craiggotoffherback.“Evenifyoucouldgofast,Iwouldn'tbeflying，”hesaidsadly.“Ineedskatestofly.”Rileydidn'tsayanythingonthewalkhome,butafewdayslatersheaskedCraigifhewantedtogoskating.“Towatch？”heasked.“No,toskate，”shesaidcheerfully.“MomandIfoundapairofmyoldskates.Theymightfityou.”Theskateswerealittlebig,butwhenRileystuffednewspaperinthetoes,theyfit.Craigcouldn'tstopsmiling.Hedi