2024年高考真題和模擬題分類匯編 英語(yǔ) 專題08 閱讀理解七選五 含解析

專題08閱讀理解七選五2024年高考真題Passage1【新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Notallgreatwritersaregreatspellers.Ifyouwanttobepublished,it'svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(原稿).____36____Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriterwhodoesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.Ikeeptworeferencebooksclose-byonmydesk:dictionaryandthesaurus(同義詞詞典).Idon'ttrustmylaptop'sspellchecker.____37____Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI'mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.IusetheConciseOxfordDictionaryandtheCollinsThesaurus.____38____Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.Inaddition,Ihaveanoldtwo-volumecopyoftheShorterOxfordDictionary,pickedupafewyearsagoinabookshopsaleforjust99pence.Ofcourse,withits2,672pages,it'snotexactlyshort.Itcontainsaround163,000words,pluswordcombinationsandidiomaticphrases.____39____However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there'snothingbetter.ForwelloverahundredyearsthemostinfluentialEnglishdictionarywasSamuelJohnson'sDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguagepublishedin1755."Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,"wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof"dull".____40____Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.A.Idon'toftenusethisdictionary.B.Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.C.ButIstilldon'twanttoreplacethem.D.Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.E.Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.F.Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.G.Dictionariesdon'talwaysgiveyouenoughinformation.【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了作者使用英語(yǔ)詞典的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和心得以及從中獲得的樂(lè)趣。【36題詳解】上文“Ifyouwanttobepublished,it’svitaltosubmitaperfect,professionallypresentedmanuscript(如果你想發(fā)表，提交一份完美的、專業(yè)的手稿是至關(guān)重要的)”提到了完美的、專業(yè)的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有語(yǔ)法和拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤是專業(yè)的手稿的要求之一。F選項(xiàng)“Thatmeansgoodgrammarandnospellingmistakes.(這意味著語(yǔ)法正確，沒(méi)有拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。)”是對(duì)手稿要求的進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明，符合題意。故選F項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】上文“Idon’ttrustmylaptop’sspellchecker.(我不相信我筆記本電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器。)”提到了作者不相信電腦的拼寫(xiě)檢查器;下文“Ofcourse,thesedaysthereareplentyofonlinedictionariesandthesauruses,butI’mold-fashionedenoughtopreferahardcoverandpagesIcanleafthroughwithmyfingers.(當(dāng)然，現(xiàn)在有很多在線詞典和同義詞庫(kù)，但我是一個(gè)守舊的人，更喜歡精裝的書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)。)”提到了作者更喜歡實(shí)體書(shū)和能用手指翻閱的書(shū)頁(yè)，說(shuō)明電子設(shè)備可能不會(huì)考慮上下文，所以B選項(xiàng)“Ittakesnoaccountofthecontext.(它不考慮上下文。)”解釋了上文的原因，具有承上啟下的作用。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】下文“Itshouldgiveyouaprecisedefinitionofeachword,thusdifferentiatingitfromotherwordswhosemeaningsaresimilar,butnotidentical.Itwillalsousuallyshowhowthewordispronounced.(它應(yīng)該給出每個(gè)單詞的精確定義，從而將其與其他含義相似但不相同的單詞區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。它通常還會(huì)顯示單詞的發(fā)音。)”提到了字典的功能，E選項(xiàng)“Ofcourse,adictionaryisnotonlyforspelling.(當(dāng)然，字典不僅僅是用來(lái)拼寫(xiě)的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文內(nèi)容。故選E項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】下文“However,ifIneedtochecktheoriginofawordortolookupexamplesofitsusage,there’snothingbetter.(然而，如果我需要檢查一個(gè)單詞的來(lái)源或查找其用法的例子，沒(méi)有什么比這更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情況，A選項(xiàng)“Idon’toftenusethisdictionary.(我不經(jīng)常用這本字典。)”是對(duì)字典使用頻率的說(shuō)明，與下文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】上文“

“Tomakedictionariesisdull(乏味)work,”wroteJohnson,illustratingonedefinitionof”dull".(約翰遜在解釋“dull”的一個(gè)定義時(shí)寫(xiě)道：“編字典是件無(wú)聊的工作(乏味)?！?”提到了編寫(xiě)字典是件乏味的工作，下文“Afewminutesspentcastingyoureyeoverapageortwocanbearewardingexperience.(花幾分鐘的時(shí)間瀏覽一兩頁(yè)是一種有益的體驗(yàn)。)”提到瀏覽字典也是一種閱讀的樂(lè)趣，D選項(xiàng)“Butadictionarycanbeapleasuretoread.(但是一本字典讀起來(lái)是一種樂(lè)趣。)”是作者對(duì)字典的評(píng)價(jià)，與上文的“乏味”形成對(duì)比，與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。Passage2【新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】OvertourismIsForReal:HowCanYouHelp?Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.___16___Certainlynot.Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.Herearesometipsonmakingwisedecisionstominimizepressureontheplaceswevisitandimproveourexperience.●Choosemindfully.Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.___17___●Getcreative.Thebestwaytoeasepressureonover-touristeddestinationsistogosomewhereelse.Thoughovertourismisdescribedasaproblemaffectingtheentireworld,it’sactuallyconcentratedtoasmallnumberofextremelypopularspots.Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.___18___Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?●___19___Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.You’llcompetewithfewertourists,savemoney,experienceadifferentsideofapopularplace,andboosttheeconomywhentourismistraditionallyslower.Visitingaplacethatotherscallhomeisaprivilege(榮幸).Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.___20___Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.A.Visitduringoff-peaktimes.B.So,shouldwestoptraveling?C.Travelforyouandnooneelse.D.Canovertourismbeavoidedthen?E.Youcanstillfindrelativelyundiscoveredplaces.F.You’llfindyourselfvirtuallyalone,orclosetoit.G.Considergivingbacktothecommunitiesyou’revisiting.【答案】16.B17.C18.E19.A20.G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何避免“過(guò)度旅游”的現(xiàn)象?！?6題詳解】前文“Travelpromotesunderstanding,expandsourminds,makesusbetterpeople,andboostslocaleconomiesandcommunities,buttherapidgrowthoftravelhasledtoovertourismincertainregionsanddestinations.(旅游促進(jìn)理解，擴(kuò)展我們的思想，使我們成為更好的人，促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)和社區(qū)，但旅游業(yè)的快速發(fā)展導(dǎo)致了某些地區(qū)和目的地的過(guò)度旅游)”表明旅游帶來(lái)了一些問(wèn)題，后文“Thelossofwhattravelofferswouldbeunacceptableintoday’sworld.(在當(dāng)今世界，失去旅行所能提供的東西將是不可接受的)”表示不能失去旅行，結(jié)合后文“Certainlynot.(當(dāng)然不)”可知，空處提問(wèn)能否停止旅行，D選項(xiàng)“那么，我們應(yīng)該停止旅行嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B?！?7題詳解】前文“Overvisiteddestinationsarethatwayforareason:they’respecial.Withsomanyonlinepostsfeaturingthesameplaces,it’seasytofeellikeyou’remissingout.Gosomewhereonlywhenthelandscape,cultureorfooddeeplydrawsyou.(游客過(guò)多的目的地是有原因的：它們很特別。網(wǎng)上有這么多關(guān)于同一個(gè)地方的帖子，很容易讓你覺(jué)得你錯(cuò)過(guò)了。只有當(dāng)風(fēng)景、文化或食物深深吸引你時(shí)，才去某個(gè)地方)”表明不要跟風(fēng)旅游，C選項(xiàng)“為你而不是其他人旅行”表明要關(guān)注自己在旅行時(shí)的感受，忠實(shí)自己的感受，不用管其余的建議，符合語(yǔ)境。故選C?！?8題詳解】前文“Thatmeansyouhavetonsofless-visitedoptionstochoosefrom.(這意味著你有很多不太受歡迎的選擇)及后文“Whynottryaregionalalternativeorcheckoutapopulardestination’slesser-knownsights?(為什么不嘗試一個(gè)地區(qū)性的選擇，或者看看一個(gè)熱門(mén)目的地不太為人所知的景點(diǎn)呢)”提出建議，可以選擇一些冷門(mén)的景點(diǎn)，E選項(xiàng)“你仍然可以找到相對(duì)未被發(fā)現(xiàn)的地方”語(yǔ)境一致。故選E?！?9題詳解】空處為小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)后文“Minimizeimpactandmaximizeexperiencebyskippingmajorholidaysorrushhour.(通過(guò)跳過(guò)重大節(jié)假日或高峰時(shí)間來(lái)最小化影響并最大化體驗(yàn))”表示旅游時(shí)要注意避開(kāi)高峰期，選擇合適的時(shí)間，A選項(xiàng)“在非高峰時(shí)間參觀”概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。【20題詳解】前文“Doyourparttopreservewhatmakesadestinationspecialinthefirstplace.(盡你的一份力，從一開(kāi)始就保護(hù)一個(gè)目的地的特別之處)”表明旅游時(shí)應(yīng)保護(hù)旅游景點(diǎn)，后文“Youmaybeamazedhowmuchcloseryou’llfeeltothepeoplethere.(你可能會(huì)驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)你和那里的人感覺(jué)如此親近)”表示這樣做的感受，G選項(xiàng)“考慮回饋你所訪問(wèn)的社區(qū)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G。Passage3Passage4Passage5Passage62024年名校模擬題Passage1（2024·湖北黃岡·三模）Inourmoderneconomy,acceleratedlearningcanbecrucialforsuccess.Learningfastermeansgainingmoreknowledge—quickerthanothers.16Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengthsWhenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.17Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.Thebestlearningstyleistheonethatmakesiteasiertoprocess,orcomprehendideas,andsubjectsfaster.Onceyouknowyourlearningstrengthsandweaknesses,youcanchooselearningstrategiesthatplaytoyourstrengths.SeekFirsttoUnderstandTheBasicStructureofTheTopicYouChoose18Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.GiveYourselfPlentyofTimeinBoth“Focused”And“Diffused”(分散的)ModesNormally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.19Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.20A．Youcanbenefitalotfromstayingfocused.B．Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.C．Youshouldtrytochoosewhateveryoulikebest.D．Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.E．Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.F．Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.G．Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.【答案】16．B17．G18．D19．F20．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些技巧以幫助人們更加有效地進(jìn)行快速學(xué)習(xí)。16．根據(jù)空后的“Anyonecanlearnfromthemandacceleratetheirlearningprocesswiththefollowingtechniques.(任何人都可以向他們學(xué)習(xí)，并通過(guò)以下技巧加速他們的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程)”可推測(cè)，空處提到了一些會(huì)快速學(xué)習(xí)的人。選項(xiàng)B“Smartlearnersdon’thaveanyspecialsecrets.(聰明的學(xué)習(xí)者沒(méi)有什么特別的秘密。)”中的“Smartlearners”與下文的“them”保持一致，內(nèi)容上也自然引出下文內(nèi)容。故選B。17．根據(jù)標(biāo)題“CombineLearningStylesThatPlaytoYourStrengths(結(jié)合能發(fā)揮你優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)習(xí)方式)”以及空前的“Whenyouaimtoaccelerateyourlearning,whatyouchoosetolearnshouldnotbelimitedtoacurriculumorclassroomstructure.(當(dāng)你的目標(biāo)是加速你的學(xué)習(xí)，你選擇學(xué)習(xí)不應(yīng)該局限于課程或課堂結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，我們可以選擇學(xué)習(xí)課程或課堂之外的內(nèi)容；而下文“Differentmaterialsalongwithyourlearningstylecanaccelerateorslowdownyourcomprehensionprocess.(根據(jù)你的學(xué)習(xí)方式選擇不同的材料可以加速或減緩你的理解過(guò)程)”則指出不同的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)方式。選項(xiàng)G“Youcanpracticallychoosecontentfrommanysources,experts,andauthors.(實(shí)際上，您可以從許多來(lái)源、專家和作者中選擇內(nèi)容。)”與上下文內(nèi)容一致，指的是選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，并采用適當(dāng)?shù)膶W(xué)習(xí)方式。故選G。18．根據(jù)下文“Soyouneedtoseekfirsttounderstandthebasics.Inotherwords,youhavetogettoknowthetree’sroot,trunk,thenbranchoutfromthere.Don’tstartfromthebranchesortheleaves,pursuetherootandworkyourwaytothetopic.Therefore,whatevertopicyouchoosetolearnorstudy,juststartwiththebasics.(所以你需要先了解基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。換句話說(shuō)，你必須了解樹(shù)的根，樹(shù)干，然后從那里伸出樹(shù)枝。不要從枝葉入手，要追根溯源，直達(dá)主題。因此，無(wú)論你選擇學(xué)習(xí)或研究什么主題，都要從基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)始)”可知，我們要了解自己所學(xué)內(nèi)容的結(jié)構(gòu)。選項(xiàng)D“Everytopicorsubjecthasalogicalstructuretoit.(每個(gè)話題或主題都有一個(gè)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。)”自然引出下文內(nèi)容，指出每個(gè)話題或主題都有一個(gè)邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)，所以我們應(yīng)該了解自己所學(xué)內(nèi)容的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D。19．根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Normally,thehumanbrainisnotmeanttostayin“focused”modeforhoursatatime.(正常情況下，人類的大腦不會(huì)一次保持幾個(gè)小時(shí)的“專注”模式)”可知，人類大腦不會(huì)一直保持專注。選項(xiàng)F“Long-lastingattentiontoasingletaskcanblockmemoryandrecall.(長(zhǎng)時(shí)間專注于一項(xiàng)任務(wù)會(huì)阻礙記憶和回憶。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，指的是人類大腦不能一直保持專注，同時(shí)引出下文“Consequently,whenyourbrainisactiveforaverylongtime,you’reactuallyblockingyouraccesstothediffusedmode—amorerelaxedstate.(因此，當(dāng)你的大腦長(zhǎng)時(shí)間處于活躍狀態(tài)時(shí)，你實(shí)際上是在阻礙你進(jìn)入擴(kuò)散模式——一種更放松的狀態(tài))”。故選F。20．根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“Therefore,diffusedmodeisjustasvaluableasthefocusedmode.So—justtakebreaks,letyourmindwander,thinkaboutotherthings,andgiveyourbrainplentyoftimetomakebetterconnections.(因此，擴(kuò)散模式和聚焦模式一樣有價(jià)值。所以，只要休息一下，讓你的思想游離，想想其他事情，給你的大腦足夠的時(shí)間來(lái)建立更好的聯(lián)系)”可知，上文提出我們應(yīng)該勞逸結(jié)合。選項(xiàng)E“Thenyoucanlearnbetterbyimposingbreaksonyourself.(然后你可以通過(guò)給自己一些休息時(shí)間來(lái)學(xué)得更好。)”與上文內(nèi)容相符，指出休息會(huì)讓學(xué)習(xí)效果更好。故選E。Passage2（2024·河南·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）HowtoCreatethePerfectSpringPlanterSpringcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.16Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.17Theyaresolidpotsforspringastheydon’tblowoverinthoseearlyspringwinds.Checkthatthepothasalargedrainage(排水)holetoensurethatthesoildrainswell,butalwayscoveritwithacrock(likeapiecefromabroken?owerplanter)sothatthesoildoesn’tblocktheholeandcreateproblemswithdrainagelaterdowntheline.Choosingtherightcompost(堆肥)isthekeytothesuccessofanyplanting.Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.18Andtoomuchwaterinthesoilwillfreeze,preventingtheplantsfromtakingupthevitalwater.Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennial(多年生的)ones.19Abunchofpotsforcestheeyetolookaroundandtakeineachpotandplantcombination.Aniceoptionisplantingsummer?owerslikeDahliaorLilytocreateasummerimpact.20Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantthenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.Apleasantsmellisalwaysalovelyadditiontoaspaceaswellaswildlife.Selecttherightplantforyourlocationinyourgarden－sunorshade-loving.A．Ilikegood,weightyplanters.B．ItcanstillbefrostyrightuptoMay.C．Andbesides,theyaresoeasytocarefor.D．Ialsoliketogrouppotstogetherindifferentsizes.E．Capitalizeonthosevariationstohelpchoosecompanions.F．Youmay?ndsomeoftheseplantsinsmallerpotsorevenmulti-packs.G．Heightisimportanttothinkaboutwhenyou’redesigningyourarrangement.【答案】16．C17．A18．B19．D20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了打造完美春季花盆的技巧，包括挑選與花園風(fēng)格匹配的穩(wěn)固花盆、使用土壤基質(zhì)堆肥確保良好排水、植物搭配考慮持久性與季節(jié)性，以及通過(guò)高低錯(cuò)落布置增加觀賞性。16．由上文“Springcontainersareaneasysolutionforjazzingupacolorlessbalconyandboringcornersofanygardenatthistimeofyear.(春季容器是此時(shí)為無(wú)色的陽(yáng)臺(tái)和花園中枯燥角落增添活力的簡(jiǎn)單解決方案)”可知，本空繼續(xù)講述春季種植容器的好處，C選項(xiàng)“此外，它們很容易照料”繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明了春季種植容器便于打理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，能承接上文，符合題意。故選C。17．由上文“Choosingtherightcontainerisimportant.Alwaysthinkaboutthestyleofyourgarden.(選擇合適的容器很重要。始終要考慮你花園的風(fēng)格)”可知，上文提到了選擇容器的重要性以及需要考慮的因素，本空要說(shuō)跟“選擇容器”有關(guān)的話題，A選項(xiàng)“我喜歡堅(jiān)固、沉穩(wěn)的種植容器”是對(duì)個(gè)人偏好的具體描述，與前文關(guān)于容器的選擇相呼應(yīng)，能承接上文，符合題意。故選A。18．由上文“Ithinkit’sbesttousesoil-basedcompostsothatthesoildoesnotbecometooheavyorwaterlogged,especiallyinspringwhenwecouldhaveplentyofshowers.(我認(rèn)為最好使用基于土壤的堆肥，這樣土壤就不會(huì)變得太重或過(guò)于水浸，尤其是在春季，我們可能會(huì)有很多陣雨)”可知，上文提到了春季雨水多可能導(dǎo)致的問(wèn)題，本空要說(shuō)跟“春季天氣”有關(guān)的話題，B選項(xiàng)“直到五月還可能有霜凍”繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充了春季天氣的另一特點(diǎn)，即霜凍，都是關(guān)于春季氣候?qū)χ参锷L(zhǎng)影響的討論，能承接上文，符合題意。故選B。19．由上文“Plantcombinationsareimportant,soalwaysthinkaboutmixeswhichwilllastaswellasannualandperennialones.(植物組合很重要，所以要經(jīng)?？紤]那些能夠持續(xù)生長(zhǎng)以及一年生和多年生的植物組合)”可知，上文提到了植物搭配的策略，本空要說(shuō)跟“植物搭配”有關(guān)的話題，D選項(xiàng)“我也喜歡把不同大小的花盆放在一起”進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了如何通過(guò)組合花盆來(lái)營(yíng)造和諧的視覺(jué)效果，與前文關(guān)于植物布局的內(nèi)容緊密相連，能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。20．由下文“Itcanbeachievedbyusingtallplants.Ifyoudon’thaveatallplantwhenyoucanalwaysraiseyourpotoffthegroundwitholdhousebricksordecorativepotfeet,orusestepsinyourgardentocreateinterestanddrama.(這可以通過(guò)使用高大的植物來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。如果你沒(méi)有一株高大的植物，你可以用舊磚或裝飾花盆的腳把你的花盆抬離地面，或者在你的花園里用臺(tái)階來(lái)創(chuàng)造興趣和戲劇)”可知，上文提到了使用高大植物達(dá)到某種效果的方法，本空要說(shuō)跟“設(shè)計(jì)布置”有關(guān)的話題，G選項(xiàng)“在設(shè)計(jì)布置時(shí)，高度是一個(gè)需要考慮的重要因素”作為引言，指出在設(shè)計(jì)植物布局時(shí)應(yīng)考慮高度問(wèn)題，與下文提出的解決方案相銜接。故選G。Passage3（2024·重慶沙坪壩·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.16Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.Yourbodyiscapableofmakingonlytinyadaptationsandimprovementsatanyonetime.Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.17Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.Besides,youwon'tfeelfreshwhenyoustartyournextsession.Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.18Thustheminimumamountofexercisebringsthemaximumphysicalgains.19Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.Intheory,it'sasensiblewayforbuildingstrength.Ifhe'sonlyattemptedthreestepsinhispreviousexercise,it'sfarfromenough.Thefourthstepwouldpushhimpasthispreviouslimitandforceadaptation.Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.20Asageneralrule,regardlessofyourexperience,aimtoonlyincreasethevolumeofanyexercisebyonestepfromworkouttoworkout.A．Itseemslogical.B．Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.C．It'snaturalthatyoumaywanttokeepfit.D．Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.E．Onlyinthiswaycanyouenjoythebenefitofexercise.F．Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.G．Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.【答案】16．A17．B18．D19．G20．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了我們?cè)阱憻挼臅r(shí)候不能貪多，需要量力而行，逐步前進(jìn)。16．根據(jù)上文“Alotofpeopleassumethemoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe.(很多人認(rèn)為他們?cè)诮∩矸客度氲墓ぷ髁吭蕉?，時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)、努力越強(qiáng)，他們的成績(jī)就會(huì)越好)”以及下文“Butifyouwanttogetthebestgains,thekeyistofocusonthequalityoftheworkratherthanthequantity.(但如果你想獲得最好的收獲，關(guān)鍵是要關(guān)注工作的質(zhì)量，而不是數(shù)量)”可知，人們普遍認(rèn)為鍛煉的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)、越刻苦，收益就越大；但是實(shí)際上，鍛煉時(shí)應(yīng)該更關(guān)注鍛煉的質(zhì)量而非鍛煉的時(shí)長(zhǎng)?？仗帒?yīng)承上啟下，將上下文銜接起來(lái)。A項(xiàng)“Itseemslogical.(這似乎合乎邏輯)”中的It指代上文themoreworktheyputinatthegym,andthelongerandhardertheypushthemselves,thebettertheirresultswillbe這件事。故選A項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)上文“Onceyou'vegivenitenoughpushtomakethesechanges,anyadditionalworkyoudoafterthatpointwon'tbemakingyouanybetter.(一旦你給了它足夠的動(dòng)力來(lái)做出這些改變，在那之后你所做的任何額外工作都不會(huì)讓你變得更好)”以及下文“Thisisbecauseyou'llneedlongertorecoverafterwards.(這是因?yàn)槟阈枰L(zhǎng)的時(shí)間來(lái)恢復(fù))”可知，空格處應(yīng)與上下文語(yǔ)義一致，介紹過(guò)度鍛煉的壞處。B項(xiàng)“Instead,it'llharmyourprogress.(相反，這會(huì)損害你的進(jìn)步)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選B項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)上文“Ideally,it'sjustenoughtodothesmallestamountofworkrequiredtopromotegrowthineveryworkout.(理想情況下，在每次鍛煉中只需做促進(jìn)成長(zhǎng)所需的最小工作量就足夠了)”可知，空格處應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明健身時(shí)，在完成最低訓(xùn)練量后應(yīng)該停止訓(xùn)練，這樣才能得到最大的收益。D項(xiàng)“Afterthat,youcanstopexercisingduringtheday.(之后，你可以停止白天的運(yùn)動(dòng))”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境，故選D項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)下文的例子“Forexample,ifanewgym-goerwantstogetstronger,hemightstartasquat(深蹲)workout,whichismadeupoftensteps,eachhavingfiverepetitions.(例如，如果一個(gè)新來(lái)健身房的人想變得更強(qiáng)壯，他可能會(huì)開(kāi)始深蹲鍛煉，由十個(gè)步驟組成，每個(gè)步驟重復(fù)五次)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了每次鍛煉的運(yùn)動(dòng)量如何確定。G項(xiàng)“Howmuchexerciseyouneedtododependsonyourcurrentfitnesslevel.(你需要做多少運(yùn)動(dòng)取決于你目前的體能水平)”與本段內(nèi)容相呼應(yīng)，符合語(yǔ)境，故選G項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)上文“Butthesubsequentstepsaremeantformoreprofessionalpeople.(但接下來(lái)的步驟是為更專業(yè)的人準(zhǔn)備的)”可知，后面的訓(xùn)練步驟是更專業(yè)的人需要做的，空處應(yīng)承接上文，解釋后續(xù)較難的步驟對(duì)初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)。F項(xiàng)“Theywouldjustincreasethechanceofinjuryforbeginners.(它們只會(huì)增加初學(xué)者受傷的機(jī)會(huì))”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F項(xiàng)。Passage4（2024·重慶·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.16Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.17Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.Yourskinandrelatedtissuesareincrediblydesignedtomovewarmbloodawayfromyourcoretokeepyourvitalorganscool.Anydamagetoyourskinortheunderlyingtissuepreventsyourbodyfrombeingabletoairconditionitself.Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.18.Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.19Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.20Besides,keepdrinkingwhileyou’reworkingout.A．Don’teatrightbeforeyouheadout.B．Trymoreheat-friendlyformsofexercise.C．Thetypeofsuitableclothingyouwearcanalsohelpyoustaycool.D．Buthighoutsidetemperaturesinadryclimatecanalsobedangerous.E．IsadaytimerunorbikerideinhotsummerweatherOKforourbodies?F．Andconsiderwearingsun-protectiveclothingthatblocksthesun,andincludeahat.G．Makesureyouaredrinkingwateratleastanhourbeforeyouheadouttoexercise.【答案】16．E17．A18．F19．C20．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一些高溫天氣下在戶外鍛煉的建議。16．根據(jù)上文“Thissummer,climatechangecontinuestopushEarth’sweathertoextremes.(今年夏天，氣候變化繼續(xù)將地球的天氣推向極端)”以及后文“Weinvitesomeexpertstodiscussthesciencebehindexercisingintheheat,howtokeepyourbodysafe,andwhattodoifyoususpectyouorsomeoneyou’rewithhasheatexhaustion.(我們邀請(qǐng)了一些專家來(lái)討論在高溫下運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的科學(xué)，如何保證你的身體安全，以及如果你懷疑你或你的伴侶患有中暑該怎么做)”可知，本句主要過(guò)渡句，引出炎熱天氣是否適合運(yùn)動(dòng)的疑問(wèn)。故E選項(xiàng)“在炎熱的夏天白天跑步或騎自行車對(duì)我們的身體好嗎？”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。17．根據(jù)后文“Ifyouhadaheavymeallikeacheeseburger,you’llwanttowaittwotothreehoursbeforeyourhotoutdoorexercise,sincethatfatandprotein-richmealwilltakeevenlongertomovethroughthedigestiveprocess.Shouldyoueatafterthathotrun?No.Youcanhydraterightaway,butwaituntilyou’vecooledofftoeat.That’sbecausedigestingfoodwilldelaygettingyourbodybacktoitsusualtemperature.(如果你吃了一頓像芝士漢堡這樣的大餐，你會(huì)想等兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)再進(jìn)行戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)，因?yàn)楦缓竞偷鞍踪|(zhì)的大餐需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間才能通過(guò)消化過(guò)程。熱跑之后你應(yīng)該吃東西嗎？不。你可以馬上補(bǔ)充水分，但要等到身體冷卻后再吃。這是因?yàn)橄澄飼?huì)延遲你的身體恢復(fù)正常體溫)”可知，本段的建議是出門(mén)前不要吃太多東西。故A選項(xiàng)“出門(mén)前不要吃東西”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A。18．根據(jù)本段主旨句“Protectyourskin—it’sthebody’scoolingsystem.(保護(hù)你的皮膚——這是身體的冷卻系統(tǒng))”可知，本段主要建議保護(hù)皮膚。前文“Toprotectyourskin,startwithsunscreen.(為了保護(hù)你的皮膚，從防曬霜開(kāi)始)”講述了可以使用防曬霜來(lái)保護(hù)皮膚，空處應(yīng)是其他保護(hù)皮膚的方式，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“并考慮穿寬松、輕便、能遮擋陽(yáng)光的衣服。”建議穿有防曬作用的衣服，符合題意。故選F。19．根據(jù)上文“Wearmaterialsthatwillhelpyourbodybreathe.(穿有助于身體呼吸的衣服)”以及后文“Wearsweat-wickingathleticclothingthatallowsyourskintocool.Avoidmaterialslikecottonthatbasicallykeeptheheatclosetoyourbody.(穿吸汗的運(yùn)動(dòng)服，讓皮膚降溫。不要穿棉質(zhì)之類的衣服，因?yàn)樗鼈兡茏専崃拷咏愕纳眢w)”可知，本段主要就穿的衣服提出了建議，C選項(xiàng)中clothing對(duì)應(yīng)后文clothing。故C選項(xiàng)“選擇合適的衣服也能讓你保持涼爽”符合語(yǔ)境，故選C。20．根據(jù)上文“Hydratebefore,duringandafterexercise.Dehydrationcanreallyhappentoyou.(在運(yùn)動(dòng)前、運(yùn)動(dòng)中和運(yùn)動(dòng)后補(bǔ)充水分。脫水真的會(huì)發(fā)生在你身上)”可知，本句主要是建議補(bǔ)充水分。故G選項(xiàng)“確保你在出門(mén)鍛煉前至少一個(gè)小時(shí)喝水”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。Passage5（2024·湖南·二模）Thefirstwaywelearntocommunicateisthroughbodylanguage—ourfacialexpressions,ourgesturesand,whenwe’reolder,ourpostures.Evenafterwefigureouthowtospeak,thisnon-verbalcommunicationstillexerts(施加)apowerfulandoftenunconsciousinfluenceoverourinteractions,people’sfirstimpressionsofusandevenourimpressionsofourselves.16.ChangehowyoufeelTode-stress:Forcingasmilecanmakerunningeasierandtoughtaskslessstressful.One2012experimentfoundthatagrinmakesholdingyourhandinicewatermorebearable.Tofeelmoreconfident:17.Strikingthisso-calledpowerposeshortlybeforeanintervieworathleticcontestcanbeparticularlypowerfulforwomen,whotendtositandstandinawaythattakesuplessspace.Topersevere:18.Ina2008study,studentswhosatwiththeirarmscrossedkeptworkingonanimpossibleproblemnearlytwiceaslongasthosewiththeirarmsattheirsides.Changehowothersfeel19:Studiesshowthatholdingsomeone’sgazemayhelppeoplethinkyou’retrustworthyandintelligent.AccordingtobodylanguageexpertCarolKinseyGoman,itcanalsomakepeoplethinkyou’reagoodlistener.Tofosterconnections:Mirroringthefacialexpressionsandgesturesofthepersonyou’retalkingtocanhelpthemfeelmorecomfortable.One2011experimentfoundthisisaneffectivesalesskill.Toengageordisengage:Ifyouwanttoletsomeoneknowyou’relistening,sitfacingthemwithyourfullbody,kneesandshoulderspointedatthem.20.A．TocomeacrossassincereB．Butifyouwanttospreadtension,angleyourbodyslightlyaway—facingfull-onisconfrontational(對(duì)抗性的)whenthingsgetheatedC．Here’showtousebodylanguagetoeveryone’sbenefitD．Makingyourindexfinger(食指)andmiddlefingercrossedcanhelpyougatherstrengthE．ToinformpeopleF．StandinglikeWonderWoman—legsapart,handsonhips,chestup—maymakeyoufeelmorepowerfulG．Crossingyourarmsacrossyourchestcanhelpyoupersistinsolvingaproblem【答案】16．C17．F18．G19．A20．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了如何使用肢體語(yǔ)言。16．根據(jù)上文“Evenafterwefigureouthowtospeak,thisnon-verbalcommunicationstillexerts(施加)apowerfulandoftenunconsciousinfluenceoverourinteractions,people’sfirstimpressionsofusandevenourimpressionsofourselves.”（即使在我們學(xué)會(huì)了如何說(shuō)話之后，這種非語(yǔ)言交流仍然會(huì)對(duì)我們的互動(dòng)、別人對(duì)我們的第一印象，甚至是我們對(duì)自己的印象產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的、往往是無(wú)意識(shí)的影響）可知，上文說(shuō)明了肢體語(yǔ)言的重要性，所以要如何使用肢體語(yǔ)言提出建議，且總起下文的標(biāo)題。故C選項(xiàng)“以下是如何使用肢體語(yǔ)言使得對(duì)每個(gè)人都有好處”切題。故選C項(xiàng)。17．根據(jù)上文“Tofeelmoreconfident”（讓自己更自信:）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說(shuō)明那個(gè)動(dòng)作使人更自信。故F選項(xiàng)“像神奇女俠一樣站立——雙腿分開(kāi)，雙手叉腰，挺胸——這會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)更有力量”切題。powerful呼應(yīng)confident。故選F項(xiàng)。18．根據(jù)下文“Ina2008study,studentswhosatwiththeirarmscrossedkeptworkingonanimpossibleproblemnearlytwiceaslongasthosewiththeirarmsattheirsides.”（在2008年的一項(xiàng)研究中，雙臂交叉坐著的學(xué)生解決不可能的問(wèn)題的時(shí)間幾乎是雙臂放在身體兩側(cè)的學(xué)生的兩倍。）可知，選項(xiàng)與下文主題相關(guān)，說(shuō)的都是雙臂交叉在胸前有助于解決問(wèn)題。故G選項(xiàng)“雙臂交叉在胸前可以幫助你堅(jiān)持解決問(wèn)題”切題。故選G項(xiàng)。19．根據(jù)下文“Studiesshowthatholdingsomeone’sgazemayhelppeoplethinkyou’retrustworthyandintelligent.AccordingtobodylanguageexpertCarolKinseyGoman,itcanalsomakepeoplethinkyou’reagoodlistener.”（研究表明，和別人凝視會(huì)讓別人覺(jué)得你值得信賴、聰明。根據(jù)肢體語(yǔ)言專家卡羅爾·金賽·戈曼的說(shuō)法，它還可以讓人們認(rèn)為你是一個(gè)好的傾聽(tīng)者。）可知，本段主要在說(shuō)要表現(xiàn)出真誠(chéng)。故A選項(xiàng)“給人真誠(chéng)的印象”切題，為本段的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。20．根據(jù)上文“Ifyouwanttoletsomeoneknowyou’relistening,sitfacingthemwithyourfullbody,kneesandshoulderspointedatthem.”（如果你想讓別人知道你在聽(tīng)，那就坐著，把整個(gè)身體、膝蓋和肩膀都面向他們）可知，選項(xiàng)承接上文說(shuō)明身體部分的姿勢(shì)代表了不同的意義且與上文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故B選項(xiàng)“但如果你想分散緊張感，那就把身體稍微向外傾斜——當(dāng)事情變得激烈時(shí)，面朝全身是對(duì)抗性的?！鼻蓄}。故選B項(xiàng)。Passage6（2024·廣東廣州·三模）Theteenageyearsareatransformativeperiodmarkedbygreatphysical,psychological,andemotionalchanges.16Theyrefertothefeelingsthatariseduringinteractionswithothers,suchasgratitude,shame,sympathy,guilt,andpride.Understandingandmanagingsocialemotionscanhelpdevelopteenagers’identities.Teenagersexperienceawiderangeofemotionsfromsocialinteractions,whichsignificantlyinfluencestheirself-understandingandsocialawareness.Intheprocess,theylearntounderstand,andappropriatelyrespondtoboththeirownemotionsandthoseofothers.17Inacademicsettings,socialemotionalcompetenc