廣東省惠州市惠陽區(qū)豐湖高級(jí)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期期中考試英語試題

惠州市惠陽區(qū)豐湖高級(jí)中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高二年級(jí)中段考英語試卷(滿分150分，考試用時(shí)120分鐘)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考號(hào)等信息填寫在答題卡指定的位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需要改動(dòng)，先用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無效。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分60分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題3分，滿分45分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHerearetheintroductionsandachievementsoffourscientists.J?nsJacobBerzeliusJ?nsJacobBerzeliuswasaSwedishchemist,oftenreferredtoasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry.Hedevelopedasystemofchemicalsymbols,whichlaidthefoundationfortheestablishmentofthemodernperiodictable.Berzeliusalsomadeimportantdiscoveriesinthefieldofelectrochemistry.NielsHenrikDavidBohrNielsHenrikDavidBohrwasaDanishphysicist.Heproposedtheatomic(原子的)modelknownastheBohrmodel,whichexplainedthebehaviorofelectronsmovinginfixedenergylevelsororbitsaroundtheatomicnucleus.Hismodelhelpedexplainthespectraofelementsandlaidthegroundworkforfurtherdevelopmentsinatomicphysics.RobertBoyleRobertBoyle,borninIreland,wasregardedasoneofthefoundersofmodernchemistry,knownforBoyle’slaw.Boyle’slawdescribestherelationshipbetweenthepressureandvolume(體積)ofagasatconstanttemperature.Boyle’sworklaidthefoundationforthemodernunderstandingofgasbehaviorandpromotedthedevelopmentofscientificexperimentalmethods.WilliamLawrenceBraggWilliamLawrenceBraggwasaBritishphysicistborninAustraliawhomadesignificantcontributionstoX-raycrystallography(晶體學(xué)).TogetherwithhisfatherWilliamHenryBragg,hedevelopedthefamousBragg’slaw.Thisdiscoveryrevolutionizedthefieldofcrystallographyandpavedthewayfordeterminingtheatomicandmolecularstructuresofvarioussubstances,includingDNAandproteins.1.WhatdowesayaboutJ?nsJacobBerzelius?A.Heinventedanewchemicalsubstance.B.Heestablishedthemodernperiodictable.C.Hewasreferredtoasafounderofmodernphysics.D.Hemadeimportantachievementsinthefieldofelectrochemistry.2.WhowasborninIreland?A.RobertBoyle. B.NielsHenrikDavidBohr.C.JonsJacobBerzelius. D.WilliamLawrenceBragg.3.WhatdoNielsHenrikDavidBohrandWilliamLawrenceBragghaveincommon?A.TheywereborninDenmark.B.Theymadeacontributiontophysics.C.Theydiscoverednewmodelsforchemistry.D.Theydidresearchtogetherwiththeirfamily.BJohnvonNeumannwastheoldestof3childrenofabanker,andhisspeedoflearningnewideasandsolvingproblemsstoodoutearly.At17,hisfathertriedtopersuadehimnottobecomeamathematicianbecausehemightleadapoorlifebeingamathematician,andheandhisfatherreachedanagreement,andvonNeumannwenttostudychemistry.In1926,at23,hereceivedadegreeinchemicalengineeringandaPh.D.inmathematics.Fromthenon,mathematicsprovidedwellenoughforhim,andheneverhadtoturntochemistry.In1930,vonNeumannvisitedPrincetonUniversityforayearandthenbecameaprofessorthere.Hisfirstbookwaspublishedin1932.In1930,theInstituteforAdvancedStudywasformed,andin1933hebecameoneofthe6full-timeprofessorsintheSchoolofMathematics(Einsteinwasoneoftheothers).WorldWarⅡ(1931—1945)hugelychangedvonNeumann’sareasofinterest.Until1940hehadbeenagreatpuremathematician.After1940,hebecameoneofthebestmathematicianswhoputmathematicaltheoriesintopractice.Duringthelastpartofthewarhebecameinterestedinmachinesandmadeseveralfundamentalcomputingcontributions.Afterthewar,vonNeumanncontinuedhisworkwithcomputers,andwasgenerallyveryactiveingovernmentservice.Hereceivedmanyawards,waspresidentoftheAmericanMathematicalSocietyandwasamemberoftheAtomicEnergyCommission.Hediedofcancerin1957.VonNeumannmadeseveralgreatcontributionsandanyoneofthemwouldhavebeenenoughtoearnhimafirmplaceinhistory.Heisrememberedasoneofthegreatestmindsofthe20thcentury.VonNeumannreallyisalegendinhisowntime,andthereareanumberofstoriesabouthim.Hisdrivingabilityisapartofhislegend.Hereportedoneaccidentthisway:“Iwasdrivingdowntheroad.Thetreesontherightwerepassingmeinanorderlyfashionat60milesperhour.Suddenlyoneofthemsteppedinmypath.”4.WhatdidvonNeumann’sfatherbelieveaccordingtothetext?A.Amathematicianneededagoodmemory.B.Amathematiciancouldn’tearnalotofmoney.C.VonNeumannhadtheabilitytolearntwosubjectsatthesametime.D.VonNeumannhadthegiftforsolvingproblemsatahighspeed.5.WhendidvonNeumannpublishhisfirstbook?A.Attheageof25. B.Attheageof26.C.Attheageof29. D.Attheageof32.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“firm”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Weak. B.Small. C.Famous. D.Strong.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnvonNeumannaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Calm. B.Brave. C.Humorous. D.Intelligent.CThereareplentyofhealthbenefitsofspendingtimeinthegreatoutdoors.AccordingtoastudypublishedintheInternationalJournalofEnvironmentalHealthResearch,peoplewhogrewupwithaccesstonaturemayhavebettermentalhealthasadultsthanthosewhodidnot.Totesttheirhypothesis(假設(shè)),researcherssentquestionnairesto3,585adultsaged18to75infourEuropeancitiesontopicssuchashowoftentheyvisitednaturalspacesaschildrenandnowasadults.Participantswerealsogivenpsychologicaltesttodeterminethestateoftheirmentalhealthinthelastmonth.Adultswithlowlevelsofnatureexposureduringchildhoodsaw“significantlyworse”mentalhealthissuesanddidnotviewnaturalspacesasmuchimportanceinadulthoodasthosewhospentmoretimegrowingupoutside.Researcherssaythattheirfindingsshowtheimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonaturalspacesasitrelatestodevelopinganappreciationofnatureandhealthypsychologicalstateinadulthood.Thisisparticularlysignificant,becausealmostthree-quartersofEuropeanscurrentlyliveinurbanareaswithlittleaccesstogreenspaces.Thatnumberisexpectedtoincreaseto80percentinthenextthreedecades.Mentalhealthhasbeenshowntobenegativelyinfluencedbyurbanenvironmentsduetoexposuretonoise,crowdsandalackofgreenspacesamongotherthings.Childrenwholeadinactivelifestylesaremorelikelytohavealowerqualityoflifeandphysicalhealth.“ManychildreninEuropeleadanindoorlifestyle,soitwouldbedesirabletomakenaturaloutdoorenvironmentsavailable,attractiveandsafeforthemtoplayin,”saidstudyauthorMarkNieuwenhuijsen,directorofISGlobal’sUrbanPlanning,EnvironmentandHealthInitiative.“Wemakeacallonpolicymakerstoimprovetheavailabilityofnaturalspacesforchildrenandgreenschoolyards.”8.Whatinspirationdoresearcherstakefromtheirfindings?A.Thehealthofchildren’spsychology.B.Thestateofchildren’smentalhealth.C.Thedevelopmentofnatureappreciation.D.Theimportanceofchildhoodexposuretonature.9.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Europeanslackaccesstonaturalspaces.B.Europeanspreferaninactivelifestyle.C.EuropeanChildrenareingoodphysicalhealth.D.EuropeanChildrenprobablysufferlowerqualityoflife.10.Whatinthefutureisthestudymostlikelytoinfluenceaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.Urbanplanning. B.Economicpolicies.C.Childeducation. D.Localtourism.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IndoorActivitiesAreGoodforChildren’sGrowthB.LivinginUrbanAreasHarmsPsychologicalHealthC.ChildhoodExposuretoNatureBenefitsMentalHealthD.AnInactiveLifestyleMeansaLowerQualityofLifeDRobotsdidnotwritethissentence,oranyotherpartofNature.Butthatcouldchange.Dramaticshiftsinlaborarereshapingsociety,theenvironmentandthepoliticallandscape.ConsiderthisdisorientingestimatefromtheWorldEconomicForum:65%ofthechildrenenteringprimaryschoolsnowwillgrowuptoworkinjobsthatdonotyetexist.Thisweek,Natureasks,“Whatlightisresearchsheddingonthefutureofwork,andhowwillthechangesaffectscientists’workingworld?”Anewsfeatureexploreswhichjobsaremostatriskofbeingreplacedbyartificialintelligenceandmachinelearning,whetheragigeconomy（零工經(jīng)濟(jì)）willdemocratize(普及)work,andwhatprogramswillbestprepareworkers.“There’sahugeneedandahugeopportunitytostudythechanges,”sayseconomistErikBrynjolfsson.Andthescientificworkforceisfeelingtheseshifts.Acareerfeaturereportspeopledoingresearchoutsidethetraditionalcareerpath.“Ilovefreedom,”saysCecileMenard,anindependentland-surfacemodellerinEdinburgh,theUK,“butforotherpeople,itmaybetoostressful.”Importantlessonscanbedrawnfromthepast.EconomichistorianRobertAllensynthesizes(綜合)threecenturiesofdatatoseewhenandwheretherelationshipbetweenwagesandproductivityismostliketoday’sandfindsthatsomeregionsareinuncharted(未標(biāo)注的)waters.Thesechangescallfornewsocio-economicmodelsandarevolutionineducation,concludeshistorianYuvalNoahHarari.AndeconomistIanGoldinarguesthatourerahasmoreparallelswiththeRenaissancethantheIndustrialRevolution,Thistime,heurges,knowledgeandenquirymustfindawaytoconquerprejudiceandignorance.12.AccordingtotheestimateoftheWorldEconomicForum,_______.A.65%ofthechildrenwillfindnewjobsB.somenewjobswillappearinthefutureC.robotswillreplacehumansinthefutureD.futurejobswillremainthesameasthepresentones13.What’sCecileMenard’sattitudetothechangesinfuturework?A.Negative. B.Doubtful. C.Positive. D.Indifferent.14.Howdoestheauthororganizethelastparagraph?A.Bymakingcomparison.B.Byofferingsomeexamples.C.Bylistingsomeimportantdata.D.Byanalyzingthecauseandeffect.15.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.HowtoWorkWell B.ThePastofWork C.TheBenefitofWork D.TheFutureofWork第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistThedictionarydefinesascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.16Curiosity.17ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Withoutadrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,ascientistwillnevergettothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.18Ifyou’reaninstant-gratificationtypeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethical(道德的)qualities.Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople’slifeaswellastheenvironment,sincetheyarelinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.19Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedwithevidenceisdishonest.However,thatbeliefshouldn’tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.20Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservationandkeepsitinmind.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroupsdependingonwhat’sneeded,andhe/shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingconnectshim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Workingtime.B.Workinghabits.C.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.D.Let’slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.E.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.F.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonalinterestsorpublicopinion.G.Youstillhavemuchscientificresearchtodoevenifyoureceivededucationonscience.第二部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分70分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。DennisHongdesignsandmakeshuman-likerobots.Robots,Hongnotes,areintelligentmachinesthatdotheworkhumansareoftenunableor21todo.Whenhewassevenyearsold,hewas22bytworobotsinamovie.Onthewaybackhomeinthecar,hetoldhisparentsthathewasgoingtobecomea(n)23.AsHongbecameolder,hestartedto24whatengineeringactuallyis.Whenhewasinelementaryschool,he25math.HegotallA’sinscience,buthismathresultwasreally26.Hisfathertoldhimthatengineerssolveproblemsintheworldbyusingscienceasa27andmathematicsasalanguage.Eventhoughhedislikedmath,herealizedthathehadtostudyithardertofollowhis28ofbecominganengineer.Hongthinks29comefromeverywhereandatanytime.Histhree-leggedrobotSTriDERisafantastic30.Once,hesawanelderlyladydealingwithher31.Shehadthreestrands(股)ofit,andthenputonestrandthroughtheothertwo.32,thehairstartedtolooklikelegsforHong.He33designingSTriDERafterbraidedhair.Hongsaidthatpeopleonsocialmediaareeagertoseehissuccesses,notthe34thatcamebeforethem.However,iftherobotdoesn’tfallor35,hedoesn’tgettolearnanything.21.A.unwilling B.unlucky C.confident D.free22.A.protected B.impressed C.comforted D.supported23.A.engineer B.astronaut C.hairdresser D.teacher24.A.change B.doubt C.remember D.learn25.A.enjoyed B.understood C.ignored D.chose26.A.familiar B.perfect C.unsatisfactory D.irregular27.A.secret B.tool C.belief D.goal28.A.dream B.order C.question D.recommendation29.A.truths B.responsibilities C.principles D.ideas30.A.image B.sign C.example D.wish31.A.rope B.cloth C.sweater D.hair32.A.Absolutely B.Suddenly C.Originally D.Exactly33.A.gaveup B.endedup C.kepton D.putoff34.A.arguments B.adventures C.failures D.performances35.A.break B.protest C.hesitate D.disappear第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）語法填空：閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InNorthwestChina’sGansuProvinceliesZhangyeNationalGeopark,36isblessedwithasplendidDanxialandformarea37(cover)about1,289squarekilometers.TheDanxialandformsareamasterpieceofnature.Thecolorfulmountainridgesarejustlikeanoverturnedpalette(調(diào)色板)fromheaven.Bandsoffieryred,creamyorange,richgreenandbrightyellowstreakacrossthemountain,formingwhatisknown38themostbeautifulrainbowmountain.Theincrediblelandscapes39(create)bysandstoneandmineralsyearsagoduetotectonic(地殼構(gòu)造上的)platemovements.Wind,rain,andtimethencarvedtherockformationsandrollinghillsinto40(vary)shapes,includingtowers,pillarsandvalleys.DeclaredaUNESCOWorldHeritagesitein2010andanationalgeoparkin2011,thelandformhasbecomeatoptourist41(attract).Theparkfeatures42seriesofboardwalksthatallowvisitors43(walk)aroundthecolorfulsandstonelandscapes.Thereareviewingplatforms44(special)designed,enablingtouriststogetclosetothehillsandfeasttheireyesonthemagnificentsightswithoutdamagingthefragileecosystem.Shuttlebusserviceisavailable,making45easyfortouriststogetaroundthepark.第三節(jié)請(qǐng)用括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。（共6小題；每小題2分，滿分12分）46.Asyouhavea____________(prefer)fortraditionalChineseculture,yoursuggestionswillbegreatlyhelpfultous.47.Basedon____________(science)research,thereportisreliableandconvincing.Lookattheselittlekittens.Arethey____________(adore)?48.Sofarthisideahasmetlittle____________(resist).49.Imust____________(apology)formissingourappointmentyesterday.51.SeeingthatJaneisdoingherhomework,hermotherleftthestudyslowlyand____________(gentle).第四節(jié)閱讀下面句子，根據(jù)中文提示從方框內(nèi)選擇合適的單詞，在空白處填入其適當(dāng)形式。（共7小題：每小題2分，滿分14分）52.It'samoviethatwill____________(吸引)theyoung.53.____________(事實(shí)上),noonecanwinallthetime.54.Theyfindithardto____________(依靠…生活)themoneytheymake.55.Ihave____________(承諾)acceptingherinvitationandcannotdrawback.56.____________(從這種意義上來講),travelenrichesourknowledgeandbroadensourmind.57.Heleftthecareerinteachingand____________(任職)inanexportcompany.58.It’snoteasyto____________(與…保持聯(lián)系)friendswhentheyarefaraway,however,theyarealwaysonmymind.第五節(jié)閱讀下面句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。（共7小題；每小題2分，滿分14分）59.China,__________wasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.60.Just__________theoldsayinggoes,“Eachcoinhastwosides.”61.Iamgratefultomyteacher,__________encouragementandsupporthelpedmediscovermypotential.62.Wewillalwaysrememberthemoment,__