顏面胚胎學(xué)課件

04FacialEmbryology

顏面胚胎學(xué)04FacialEmbryologyOutline胚胎學(xué)懶人包頭頸部胚胎學(xué)(側(cè)面-內(nèi)臟)臉部胚胎學(xué)(正面)唇裂&顎裂04FacialEmbryology頭頸部&顏面胚胎學(xué)

終極懶人包04FacialEmbryology頭頸部胚胎學(xué)(側(cè)面)

~五句話在胚胎發(fā)育第４週產(chǎn)生鰓器Branchialapparatus(外胚-鰓溝,中胚-鰓弓,內(nèi)胚-咽囊.最凹-鰓膜)，第５週尾段發(fā)育出５包鰓弓Branchialarches，每一包都是全套懶人包(血、神、肌、骨)，一人一包，好好長!!!!!04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology鰓弓衍生物之顏面科重點(diǎn)1starch:-Meckel’scartilage(MI) -M.ofmastication (CN-V3)2ndarch:-Reichert’scartilage(S) -M.offacialexpression,Buccinator (CN-7)3rdarch:-Hyoidbone(greater) -Pharyn.constrictor(sup.,mid.) (CN-9)4tharch:-Thyroidcartilage -Pharyn.constrictor(inf.),CTm. (Sup.laryn)5(6)tharch:Cricoidcart.,Trachea -Intrinsiclaryn.m.(exceptCTm.) (Recu.laryn)Mostcongenitalmalformationoftheheadandneckoriginateduringtransformationofthebranchialapparatusintoadultderivatives.(大都是鰓器的發(fā)育分化階段出了問題)04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryologyFacialEmbryology(正面)~Video04FacialEmbryology01-23-4504FacialEmbryology第4週–臉部5原基04FacialEmbryologyDevelopmentoftheFace04FacialEmbryology胚胎學(xué)基本觀念04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology從受精卵到原腸胚(三胚層)胚層（germlayer）亦稱胚葉，指組成動(dòng)物早期胚胎（原腸胚前後）的基本細(xì)胞層結(jié)構(gòu)，由它們發(fā)育分化成胚體的各種組織和器官。在個(gè)體發(fā)育初期，受精卵(oosperm)經(jīng)過幾次分裂后形成一團(tuán)胚胎細(xì)胞即桑椹胚(morula)。這團(tuán)胚胎細(xì)胞進(jìn)而排列組成為中空的囊胚(blastocyst)，這是原始的單胚層時(shí)期(monodermalphase)。囊胚壁經(jīng)過擴(kuò)展、凹陷、內(nèi)褶等運(yùn)動(dòng)，形成了具有兩層或三層胚層結(jié)構(gòu)的胚胎，這就是原腸胚(gastrula)或神經(jīng)胚(neurula)。此時(shí)在胚胎表面的細(xì)胞層是外胚層(ectoderm)，陷入裡面的是內(nèi)胚層(entoderm)，夾在這兩層之間的是中胚層(methoderm)。胚層的建立是細(xì)胞廣泛運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)果，它為個(gè)體發(fā)生的格局奠定了初步的基礎(chǔ)（見形態(tài)發(fā)生運(yùn)動(dòng)）。04FacialEmbryology從受精卵到原腸胚

(三胚層)04FacialEmbryologyFertilization&DevelopmentinUtero-fertilizationintheupperthirdoftheoviduct/fallopiantube-fertilization=unionofeggandsperm-afterfertilization=zygote受精卵-firstperiodofprenataldevelopment=preimplantationperiod -firstweekofdevelopment-developmentoftheunattachedzygote/embryo-immediatelypriortotheunionofeggandspermnuclei–theeggmustcompletethefinalstagesofmeiosis(meiosisIiscompletedastheeggprimordiumthenstops)-fertilzationresultinthecombinationofthehaploideggandsperm=diploidzygote-calledanembryoonceitbeginstodivide(within24hours)-division=mitosis04FacialEmbryologyOVIDUCT:-unionofspermandeggnuclei(zygote)->firstmitoticcelldivision(embryo)->celldivisioncontinues->formationofthemorula桑椹胚UTERUS:-morulaformsablastocystorblastula囊胚

(assymetricalballofcellswithacavity)->implantationintotheendometrium-preimplantationperiod–firstweek-embryonicstage-week2toweek804FacialEmbryology-formationoftheblastulamarksthebeginningofmorphogenesis-shapingoftheembryo,migrationofdividingcellstospecificlocations-blastula囊胚

=blastocyst-hollowballofcells -outerlayer=trophoblast-formsextraembryonictissues(e.g.placenta, yolksac) -innermassofcellsatoneend-totipotentembryonicstemcells orembryoblasts04FacialEmbryologyblastocystincreasesinsizebyproliferationablastocoelorblastocystcavityformsbetweentheinnercellmassandthetrophoblastdifferentiationoftheinnercellmassEScellsbeginsresultsintheformationofabilaminarembryonicdisccomprisedoftwocelllayerstwolayersarecalledanupperepiblast(ectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm)andalowerhypoblast(extraembryonicendoderm)abovethisdiskisanupperamnioticcavityandaloweryolksac(primitivehematopoieticorganfortheembryo/fetus)trophoblastalsobeginstodifferentiatetoformaprimitiveplacentatheembryoconnectstothedevelopingplacentathroughastalkSecondweekofdevelopment 04FacialEmbryologyThirdweekofdevelopmentthebilaminarembryonicdiskconvertsintoatrilaminardiskofectoderm,mesoderm,endoderm(gastrulation原腸胚)formationoftheprimitivestreakwithintheembryonicdisccriticaltothisformation-migrationofepiblastcellsthroughtheprimitivestreaktowardsthehypoblast–eventuallycreatesthreetissuelayerscalledthegermlayers 1.ectoderm 2.mesoderm 3.endoderm

humansaredeuterostomes04FacialEmbryology-bytheendofthethirdweek:trilaminarembryonicdischasadefiniteorientation-duringthefourthweek-embryobeginstoformatubularstructure-infrontoftheprimitivestreakistheprimitivenode–mesodermalcellsthatwillformthenotochord-alsohavedifferentiationofcellsfromtheectodermformstheneuroectoderm -aneuralplateforms -thisplatethickenswithproliferation–invaginatescentrallyandformstheneuralgroove -thisgroovedeepensandissurroundedbythetwoneuralfolds -developmentoftheneuralcrestcellsfromtheseneuralfolds

-portionsofthemesodermthatdonotformthenotochorddivideintosectionscalledsomites->specificbodyregionsandstructures-38somitepairs-giverisetomostoftheskeletalstructuresofthehead,neckandtrunkFourthweekofembryonicdevelopment04FacialEmbryologyHeadformationrostralorheadfoldanteriorportionoftheneuraltubeexpandsastheforebrain,midbrainandhindbraintheneuroectoderminthisregionwillformtheolfactory,orbitalandoticplacodesthehindbrainforms8bulges=rhombomerestheparaxialmesoderminthisregionalsosegmentsintosomitesmigrationofneuralcrestcellsintothisregionprovidestheembryonicconnectivetissue(mesenchyme)requiredfordevelopmentofthecraniofacialstructurestheseneuralcrestcellsarisefromthemidbrainandthefirsttworhombomeresastwostreams04FacialEmbryologyBranchialarchesalsocalledpharyngealarchesfigure4-11fourthweek:developmentofafrontalprominenceformsthestomatodeumbelowthisistheformationofthefirstbranchialarch(mandibulararch)6pairs–Ushapedcoreofmesenchymaltissueformedfromneuralcrestcellsthatmigrateintoformthearchescoveredexternallybyectodermandlinedinternallybyendodermeachhasitsowndevelopingcartilage,nerve,vascularandmuscularcomponentsthesearchesseparatethestomatodeumfromthedevelopingheart04FacialEmbryologyDevelopmentoftheFace04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryologyBrachialApparatusSummary04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryologyFacialpromodia

Summary04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology

顏面胚胎發(fā)育

一週一週看04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology04FacialEmbryology

顎胚