Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (112030) On Linux 安裝操作手冊

HANDENTERPRISESOLUTIONS

ORACLEDATABASE11GRELEASE2(.0)

ONLINUXSYSTEM

安裝維護(hù)操作手冊

作者：楊文園

建檔日期：2013-11-03

上次更新：

版本：1.0

2013年11月

上海漢得信息技術(shù)股份有限公司

HA

DefterCxpenence

文檔控制

記錄更改

日期作者版本文檔狀態(tài)更改參考

2013-11-03楊文園1.0DraftNopreviousversion

審閱人

姓名職位

分發(fā)

拷貝號姓名職位

1

2

3

4

文檔目錄

文檔控制.........................................................................................2

記錄更改.................................................................................................................................................................................................................2

審閱人......................................................................................................................................................................................................................2

分發(fā)..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................2

1系統(tǒng)環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備...........................................5

1.1虛擬機(jī)的準(zhǔn)備..............................................................................5

1.2檢查所需軟件包............................................................................5

1.3配置系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)..........................................................................6

1.4設(shè)置SHELL對ORACLE用戶的限制............................................................7

1.4.1修改limits.conf參數(shù)文件............................................................................................................................................................7

1.4.2修改login參數(shù)文件......................................................................................................................................................................7

1.4.3^profile參數(shù)文件....................................................................................................................................................................7

1.5配置系統(tǒng)安全設(shè)置..........................................................................7

1.6創(chuàng)建OINSTALL、DBA組和ORACLE用戶.........................................................8

1.7創(chuàng)建安裝目錄..............................................................................8

1.8修改/ETC/HOSTS.........................................................................................................................................................................................8

1.9設(shè)置用戶環(huán)境變量..........................................................................9

1.9.1Coracle用戶環(huán)境變量............................................................................................................................................................9

1.9.2設(shè)置root用戶的環(huán)境變量...........................................................................................................................................................9

1.10安裝包準(zhǔn)備................................................................................9

1.10.1上傳安裝包..................................................................................................................................................................................9

1.10.2解壓縮安裝包..............................................................................................................................................................................9

2ORACLE軟件安裝步驟.......................................................................10

2.1執(zhí)行以下命令進(jìn)行安裝......................................................................10

2.2軟件更新..................................................................................10

2.3安裝選項..................................................................................11

2.4安裝類型選擇..............................................................................11

2.5選擇產(chǎn)品語言.............................................................................12

2.6數(shù)據(jù)庫版本選擇............................................................................12

2.7指定ORACLE安裝目錄.....................................................................12

2.8指定INVENTORY目錄.......................................................................13

2.9操作系統(tǒng)用戶組............................................................................13

2.10PERFORMPREREQUISITECHECKS忽略警告......................................................14

2.11安裝信息匯總.............................................................................14

2.12安裝.....................................................................................15

2.13安裝完成..................................................................................15

3創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫..............................................16

3.1啟動DBCA...................................................................................................................................................................................................16

3.2選擇執(zhí)行的操作............................................................................16

3.3選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫模板............................................................................16

3.4設(shè)置全局?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)庫名和SID........................................................................................................................................17

3.5選擇和配置OEM......................................................................................................................................................17

3.6設(shè)置密碼..................................................................................17

3.7存儲機(jī)制..................................................................................18

3.8數(shù)據(jù)庫的恢復(fù)選項..........................................................................18

3.9數(shù)據(jù)庫組件...............................................................................18

3.10初始化參數(shù)...............................................................................19

3.10.1內(nèi)存..................................................................................19

3.10.2存儲單兀大小.........................................................................19

3.10.3字符集...............................................................................19

3.10.4連接模式.............................................................................20

3.11數(shù)據(jù)庫存儲...............................................................................20

3.12創(chuàng)建選項.................................................................................20

3.13確認(rèn).....................................................................................21

3.14安裝.....................................................................................21

3.15完成退出.................................................................................21

3.16檢查一下.................................................................................22

4配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽............................................23

4.1圖形界面安裝.............................................................................23

4.1.1監(jiān)聽程序的配置.......................................................................23

4.1.2選擇添加監(jiān)聽.........................................................................23

4.1.3設(shè)置監(jiān)聽程序名.......................................................................24

4.1.4選擇監(jiān)聽協(xié)議.........................................................................24

4.1.5設(shè)置監(jiān)聽端口.........................................................................24

4.1.6完成退出.............................................................................25

4.1.7監(jiān)聽命令.............................................................................25

4.2客戶端連接測試............................................................................26

4.2.1TNS配置..............................................................................26

4.2.2sqlplus登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫......................................................................26

4.2.3完成...................................................................................26

5數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動和關(guān)閉.......................................26

5.1數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動...............................................................................26

5.2數(shù)據(jù)庫關(guān)閉...............................................................................28

5.3腳本管埋.................................................................................28

1系統(tǒng)環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備

1.1虛擬機(jī)的準(zhǔn)備

安裝虛擬機(jī)的過程請參照vmwareworkstation9安裝rhel6.3詳細(xì)手冊.docx

1.2檢查所需軟件包

登錄root用戶，檢查

[rootQhand~]#rpm-qbmutilscompat-libstdc++-33elfutils-libelfelfutils-

libelf-develgccgcc-c++glibcglibc-commonglibc-develglibc-headerskernel-

headerskshlibaiolibaio-devellibgcclibgomplibstdc++libstdc++-devel

makenumactl-develsyss^atunixODBCunixODBC-devel

packagecompat-libstdc+-i--33isnotinstalled

packageelfutils-libelf-develisnotinstalled

packagegcc-c++isnotinstalled

packagekshisnotinstalled

packagelibaio-develisnotinstalled

packagelibstdc++-develisnotinstalled

packagenumactl-develisnotinstalled

packageunixODBCisnotinstalled

packageunixODBC-develisnotinstalled

如果有沒安裝的軟件包，可以使用yum命令進(jìn)行下載。

使用yum命令下載對應(yīng)的安裝包。

[rootQhand~]#yumdownloadercompat-libstdc+-i--33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64

可以使用yuminstall命令安裝，會自動下載安裝對應(yīng)的依賴安裝包。

[root^hand~]#yuminstallcompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64

如果系統(tǒng)沒有注冊，yum就找不到Package就得用rpm到鏡像文件下Package目錄中一個個去安裝

了，之前系統(tǒng)沒有注冊，這里就用rpm安裝了，注意包的依賴關(guān)系，按次序安裝

[rootQhandPackages]#rpm-ivhcompat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69,el6.x86_64.rpm

[rootQhandPackages]#rpm-ivhelfutils-libelf-devel-0.152-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@handPackages]#rpm-ivhlibstdc++-devel-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64.rpm

[rootQhandPackages]#rpm-ivhgcc-c++-4.4.6-4.el6.x86_64.rpm

[rootQhandPackages]#rpm-ivhksh-20100621-16.e16.x86_64.rpm

[rootQhandPackages]#rpm-ivhnumactl-2.0.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root@handPackages]#rpm-ivhnumactl-devel-2.0.7-3.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root0handPackages]#rpm-ivhunixODBC-2.2.14-ll.el6.x86_64.rpm

[root^handPackages]#rpm-ivhunixODBC-deveL-2.2.14-11.el6.x86_64.rpm

1.3配置系統(tǒng)內(nèi)核參數(shù)

Root用戶執(zhí)行，修改配置文件/etc/sysctLconf,修改以卜項目，如果沒有可以自己添加。

[rootQhandPackages]#vi/etc/sysctl.conf

kernel.shmmax=2147483548#最大共享內(nèi)存段大?。ò惭b后默認(rèn)=2147483648）

Kernel.shmall=2097152#可以使用的共享內(nèi)存的總最（安裝后默認(rèn)=4294967296單位頁）

fs.aio-max-nr=1048576

fs.file-max=6815744#系統(tǒng)中所允許的文件句柄最大數(shù)目。

kernel.shmmni=4096#整個系統(tǒng)共享內(nèi)存段的最大數(shù)目。

kernel.sem=25032000100#每個信號對象集的最大信號對象數(shù)：系統(tǒng)范圍內(nèi)最大信號對象數(shù)

128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range#應(yīng)用程序可使用的IPv4端口范圍。

=900065500

net.core.rmem_default=#套接字接收緩沖區(qū)大小的缺省值

262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304#套接字接收緩沖區(qū)大小的最大值

net.core.wmem_default=#套接字發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)大小的缺省值

262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586#套接字發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)大小的最大值

注：內(nèi)核參數(shù)并非必須修改，可以根據(jù)自己實際情況而定。小技巧：修改保存/etc/'sysctl.conf

文件之后立刻生效命令sysctl-p<,

[root@handPackages]#sysctl-p

提醒"shmmax是核心參數(shù)中最重要的參數(shù)之一，用于定義單個共享內(nèi)存段的最大值，shmmax設(shè)置應(yīng)

足夠大，能在一個共享內(nèi)存段下容納下整個的SGA,設(shè)置的過低可能會導(dǎo)致需要創(chuàng)建多個共享內(nèi)存段，可

能導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)性能的下降。我分配給這臺虛擬機(jī)的內(nèi)存為2G,設(shè)置為2G。你可以根據(jù)自己的情況來設(shè)

定，這是個用了比較的數(shù)據(jù)，當(dāng)共享內(nèi)存段被一個進(jìn)程（Process]創(chuàng)建，操作系統(tǒng)檢查是否被要求的共享內(nèi)存

段的值大于shmmax的值，如果是，那么將會拋出一個錯誤。

1.4設(shè)置Shell對Oracle用戶的限制

使用root用戶

1.4.1修改limits.conf參數(shù)文件

[rootGhandPackages]#vi/etc/security/limits.conf

oraclesoftnproc2047

oraclehardnproc16384打開文件數(shù)和進(jìn)程數(shù)的限制

oraclesoftnofile1024

oracleharnofiel65536

1.4.2修改login參數(shù)文件

修改/etc/pam.d/login,在文件最后添加如下內(nèi)容:

sessionrequiredpam_limits.so

1.4.3修改profile參數(shù)文件

最后，修改/etc/profile,在文件最后添加如下內(nèi)容：

在某些Linux版本需要修改此參數(shù)，在OracleLinux6.5中已經(jīng)不需要。如果修改增加下列配置，會導(dǎo)致

錯誤如下：-bash:ulimit:openfiles:cannotmodifylimit:

if[$USER="oracle"];then

if[$SHELL=,,/bin/kshK];then

ulimit-p16384

ulimit-n65536

else

ulimit-u16384-n65536

fi

fi

1.5配置系統(tǒng)安全設(shè)置

關(guān)閉防火墻服務(wù)iptables,可以直接執(zhí)行如下命令：

[rootQhand~]#chkconfig--listiptables

iptables0:關(guān)閉1:關(guān)閉2:關(guān)閉3:關(guān)閉4:關(guān)閉5:關(guān)閉6:關(guān)閉

[rootQhandchkconfigiptablesoff

即時啟動生效

[rootQhand~]#serviceiptablesstart

然后，將selinux禁用即可，也就是修改/etc/selinux/config文件，檢查并關(guān)閉SELinux

[root0handvi/etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

1.6創(chuàng)建oinstall、dba組和oracle用戶

Root用戶執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建用戶組

[root@handgroupaddoinstall

[rootQhand#groupadddba

創(chuàng)建用戶設(shè)置密碼，這里密碼設(shè)置為oracle

[root0handuseradd-goinstall-Gdbaoracle

[root@handpasswdoracle

1.7創(chuàng)建安裝目錄

使用root用戶分創(chuàng)建目錄、授權(quán)限。

[rootQhand~]#mkdir-p/uOl/app/oraInventory

[rootGhand-]#mkdir-p/uOl/software

[rootQhandchown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl/software

[root@handchmod-R777/uOl/software

[root^hand~]#chown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl/app/oraInventory

[root@handchmod-R775/u01/app/oraInventory

[rootQhandmkdir-P/uOl/app/oracle

[rootGhandchown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl/app/oracle

[rootQhand~]#chmod-R775/uOl/app/oracle

[root^hand~]#mkdir-P/uOl/app/oracle/product/11.2.3/db_l

[root@handchown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl/app/oracle/product/ll.2.3/db_l

[root@hand~]#chmod-R775/u01/app/oracle/product/ll.2.3/db_l

1.8修改/etc/hosts

localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost4

Iocalhost4.Iocaldomain4

5hand.mas

::1localhostlocalhost.localdomainlocalhost6

localhost6?localdomain6

1.9設(shè)置用戶環(huán)境變量

1.9.1設(shè)置oracle用戶環(huán)境變量

編輯/home/oracle/.bash_profile文件。

exportTMP=/tmp

#exportDISPLAY=$DISPLAY:0.0

exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

exportORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/ll.2.3/db_l

exportORACLE_SID=mas

exportPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH

exportLD_LIBRARY_PATH-$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/uor/lib

exportCLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

exportNLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

exportLC_ALL=en_US.UTF-8

1.9.2設(shè)置root用戶的環(huán)境變量

編輯/etc/profile文件。

exportPATH=/uOl/app/oracle/product/11.2.3/dbl/bin:$PATH

1.10安裝包準(zhǔn)備

1.10.1上傳安裝包

安裝包有Oracle_llg_R2的壓縮包，只需上傳用FTP工具（Xftp）上傳到/uOl/software

目錄下

1.10.2解壓縮安裝包

使用root用戶登錄，解壓縮相關(guān)安裝包。后續(xù)的安裝檢查會對是否存在解壓縮的安裝

包，是否把安裝文件目錄授權(quán)給oracle用戶做檢查。

[root@handsoftware]#unzippl0404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_lof7.zip

[root0handsoftware]#unzippl0404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

Oracle11gRelease2Iinuxx86_64官方的安裝包分兩個文件,一個1.2G一個900+M,解

壓縮后會有一，個database文件夾解壓縮Database安裝包，并且授權(quán)給oracle用戶，修改

為可執(zhí)行。

[root0handsoftware]#chown-Roracle:oinstall/uOl/software/database

[root0handsoftware]#chmod-R777/uOl/software/database

2Oracle軟件安裝步驟

重啟后，以oracle用戶登錄（注意是開機(jī)即以oracle用戶登錄，而不是root用戶登錄后再su到oracle

用戶下）

2.1執(zhí)行以下命令進(jìn)行安裝

使用root用戶執(zhí)行xhost+,否則安裝檢查會報錯：checkifthedisplayvariableisset

[rootGhandxhost+

[root0handexportDISPLAY=:0.0

使用Oracle用戶，啟動安裝

[oracle@handcd/uOl/software/database

[oracle@handdatabase]#./runinstaller

檢測通過了，就會進(jìn)入軟件安裝圖形界面，安裝過程中沒提到的界面選擇默認(rèn)即可。

2.2軟件更新

OracleDatabase11gRelease2Installer-InsUIHngdatabase-Step1of11

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2.3安裝選項

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2.4安裝類型選擇

單例安裝一個數(shù)據(jù)庫對應(yīng)一個數(shù)據(jù)庫實例

2.5選擇產(chǎn)品語言

添加上筒體中文

2.6數(shù)據(jù)庫版本選擇

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2.7指定Oracle安裝目錄

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SpecifyImtallMionLocation

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ImitMtfM?1loc.innan?ftr?Loctfnnl/u01/app/orrk?/|rodjct/ll2在之前配置環(huán)境變量.bash_profile中已配

"eg。

置過ORACLE_BASE與

ORACLE_HOME,不需再選擇

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2.8指定Inventory目錄

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Cr?atoInventoryORACLE-