決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說(shuō)明文-現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)類1 精講課件（強(qiáng)化篇）

(高中說(shuō)明文)現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)1決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運(yùn)用說(shuō)明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會(huì)使用“脫衣服”大法分析長(zhǎng)難句。積累與現(xiàn)象解說(shuō)類說(shuō)明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。真題講解示例22018全國(guó)I卷CPART31232018全國(guó)I卷C題目見(jiàn)講義

①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,

trade,

industrialisation,

thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetter

communicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

Pick,

atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),

ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia

(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.摘要一般特殊型

說(shuō)明文引言正文Inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages

andthedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction,withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.

7.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對(duì)應(yīng)的題目。MindMap2018年全國(guó)卷1C現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明現(xiàn)象描述（what）Inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Small,

tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirown

languages5,000,000-10,000,000

people;

12,000languages現(xiàn)象成因（why）languages

settled;

some

disappear

and

dominant

languages

increasepeoplesettlingdown,trade,industrialisation,nation-state,

education,globalizationandbettercommunications10,000

yearsagoafterwardsAtpresent現(xiàn)象影響（effect）6,800

languages;

distribution:

unevenover400areclosetoextinction

extinction8.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

5.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

6.

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2

?題目速覽Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

Theydevelopedveryfast.Theywerelargeinnumber.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.Theywerecloselyconnected.

5推理判斷題Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2

?

Complex.Advanced.Powerful.Modern.

6Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

About6,800.About3,400.About2,400.About1,200.

7Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

Newlanguageswillbecreated.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

8詞義猜測(cè)題細(xì)節(jié)理解題主旨大意題拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題5STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象描述Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.現(xiàn)象描述（what）Small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirown

languages5，000，000-10，000，000

people；12,000languages.languages

settled；some

disappear

and

dominant

languages

increasePeoplesettlingdown,trade,industrialisation,nation-state，education,globalizationandbettercommunications10，000

yearsagoafterwardsSTEP2：定位信息段10,000

yearsago5,000,000-10,000,000

people;12,000languagesSomelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.fivetotenmillionpeoplelanguages12,000技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)答案指向句分析參考譯文Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Somelanguageexpertsbelieve一些語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為一萬(wàn)年前，當(dāng)世界上只有五百萬(wàn)到一千萬(wàn)人口時(shí)，他們之間可能會(huì)說(shuō)12000種語(yǔ)言。that

theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.賓語(yǔ)從句2310,000

years

ago時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)whentheworldhadjustfive

to

tenmillionpeople244定語(yǔ)從句113拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）詞義猜測(cè)題6STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象描述Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?Complex. B.Advanced.C.

Powerful. D.Modern.STEP2：定位信息段現(xiàn)象描述（what）Small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirown

languages5，000，000-10，000，000

people；12,000languages.languages

settled；some

disappear

and

dominant

languages

increasePeoplesettlingdown,trade,industrialisation,nation-state，education,globalizationandbettercommunications10，000

yearsagoafterwards10，000

yearsago5，000，000-10，000，000

people；12,000languages.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.IncreasinglytakingoversuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseare技巧點(diǎn)撥：舉例法猜測(cè)詞義答案指向句分析參考譯文Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear近幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，貿(mào)易、工業(yè)化、單一民族獨(dú)立國(guó)家的發(fā)展和全民義務(wù)教育的普及，尤其是過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)的全球化和通訊方式的改良，所有這些因素導(dǎo)致了許多語(yǔ)言消失，而主要的語(yǔ)言，如英語(yǔ)、西班牙語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)，逐漸取得了主導(dǎo)地位。trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，同位語(yǔ)and連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句and111dominantlanguages

areincreasinglytakingoverand13322Inrecentcenturies狀語(yǔ)拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）細(xì)節(jié)理解題7STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位現(xiàn)象影響Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?About6,800. B.About3,400. C.About2,400. D.About1,200.STEP2：定位信息段Atpresent現(xiàn)象影響（effect）number：6，800；distribution：unevenover400，extinctionAt

presentnumber：6，800；distribution：uneven③Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.

Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat..half技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義替換答案指向句分析參考譯文Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Themediannumber

isamere6,000講某種語(yǔ)言的人的中位數(shù)只有6，000人，這意味著世界上有一半的語(yǔ)言，它們的使用人數(shù)少于6000人。whichmeans定語(yǔ)ofspeakers2233修飾整個(gè)句子的定語(yǔ)從句11thathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat賓語(yǔ)從句44拆解：說(shuō)明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題8STEP1：標(biāo)關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說(shuō)明對(duì)象

現(xiàn)象成因

現(xiàn)象影響Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.STEP2：定位信息段Inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Peoplesettlingdown,trade,industrialisation,nation-state，education,globalizationandbettercommunicationsover400，extinction①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.②Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

④

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,at

random,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.lesscomingsettingdowntrade,industrialistion,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbetterAlreadyextinctioncommunicationsinthepastfewdecades，manylanguagestodisappear

技巧點(diǎn)撥：同義轉(zhuǎn)換

概括總結(jié)答案指向句分析參考譯文Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Languageshavebeencomingandgoing語(yǔ)言在數(shù)千年的時(shí)間里不斷出現(xiàn)又消失，但近年來(lái)，出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言少了，而消失的語(yǔ)言卻增加了。forthousandsofyears狀語(yǔ)文字butbut連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句therehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.1111but2233Inrecenttimes狀語(yǔ)MindMap題源2018年全國(guó)卷IC現(xiàn)象成因（why）現(xiàn)象說(shuō)明Inrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Atpresent現(xiàn)象影響（effect）現(xiàn)象描述（what）Small,tightlyknit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirown

languages5,000,000-10,000,000

people;12,000languageslanguages

settled;some

disappear

and

dominant

languages

increasepeoplesettlingdown,trade,industrialisation,nation-state,

education,globalizationandbettercommunications10,000

yearsagoafterwardsQ8Q8Q7Q5Q66,800

languages;

distribution:

unevenover400areclosetoextinction

extinctionTip1:閱讀理解滿分還在于____________的理解。Tip2:長(zhǎng)難句分析可以采用_________________：①_________________________________________________________;②_________________________________________________________;③_________________________________________________________。Tip3:善于比較_______________________________

SUMMARY長(zhǎng)難句脫衣服大法去枝葉留主干，去掉定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)、插入語(yǔ)等找主干，括從句，弄懂主干漢語(yǔ)意思依次還原枝葉，得到完整句意文中長(zhǎng)難句與選項(xiàng)的關(guān)系詞匯梳理：語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast. B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns. D.Theywerecloselyconnected.5①

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightly-knit(聯(lián)系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.languagesLanguagescomingdeveloped12,000languageslargeinnumberspeechtightly-knitcloselyconnected詞匯梳理：語(yǔ)義復(fù)現(xiàn)

②

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2

?

Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.

6dominanttake

overAdvanceddevelopmentPowerful“dominant”詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)③

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;

Africa2,400;

andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,

ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位數(shù))ofspeakersisamere6,000,

whichmeansthathalftheworld’slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

About6,800.About3,400.About2,400.About1,200.

7lessfewerhalfmereonlyAbout

3,400詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.People’slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.8①Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.②Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades